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Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 79 - 85, 30.06.2025

Tahacan Him , Samet Topçuoğlu , Karlo Muratoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1489397

Abstract

Gıda kaynaklı hastalıklar, ciddi sağlık problemlerine ve önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açabilen, enfeksiyöz ya da toksik karakterli hastalıklardır. Bu hastalıklar, dünya çapında yıllık 600 milyon hastalığa ve 420.000 ölüme sebep olmaktadır. Gıda kaynaklı hastalıkların çoğunluğunu, mikroorganizmalar ile bunların ürettiği toksinler oluşturmaktadır. En önemli gıda kaynaklı enfeksiyon etkenlerinden biri Escherichia coli (E. coli)’dir. E. coli suşları, sebep oldukları hastalıklara, virulans faktörlerine, hastalarda oluşturdukları klinik semptomlara, bağırsak mukozası ile olan etkileşimlerine, epidemiyolojilerine ve serotiplerine göre sınıflandırılarak altı grupta toplanır. Son yıllarda bu serotiplerden halk sağlığı için önemli bir tehdit olarak görülen, shiga toksin üreten E. coli (STEC) literatürde ön plana çıkmıştır. E. coli O157, dünya üzerinde başta küçük çocuklar olmak üzere tüm yaş gruplarındaki bireyleri etkileyerek, önemli sağlık problemlerine sebep olan, en fazla bilinen STEC serotipiydi. Fakat son yıllarda E. coli’nin neden olduğu ciddi enfeksiyon tablolarından diğer serogrupların da izole edilmesi ciddi endişelere yol açmıştır. Bunun üzerine ABD Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA), “Büyük Altılı (Big Six)’’ olarak bilinen, gıdalarda bulunan ve O157 dışı altı serogrup E. coli (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 ve O145) tanımlamıştır. Bu serogruplardan kaynaklanan salgınlar ABD Hastalık Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri (CDC) ve Avrupa Gıda Güvenliği Kurumu (EFSA)’nun raporlar yayınlamasına sebep olmuştur. Bu derlemede, günümüzde sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve önemli halk sağlığı problemlerine sebep olan Büyük Altılı (Big Six) E. coli serogruplarının önemi ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Büyük Altılı E. coli E. coli gıda kaynaklı hastalıklar salgın STEC

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The Threat of Foodborne "Big Six"

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 79 - 85, 30.06.2025

Tahacan Him , Samet Topçuoğlu , Karlo Muratoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1489397

Abstract

Foodborne diseases are infectious or toxic diseases that can cause serious health problems and significant economic losses. These diseases cause 600 million illnesses and 420,000 deaths worldwide annually. Most foodborne diseases are caused by microorganisms and the toxins they produce. One of the most important foodborne infectious agents is Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli strains are classified into six groups according to the diseases they cause, virulence factors, clinical symptoms they cause in patients, their interactions with the intestinal mucosa, epidemiology and serotypes. In recent years, among these serotypes, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), which is seen as an important threat to public health, has come to the forefront of the literature. E. coli O157 was the most well-known STEC serotype in the world, affecting individuals of all age groups, especially young children, and causing significant health problems. However, in recent years, the isolation of other serogroups from serious infections caused by E. coli has raised serious concerns. In response, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified six non-O157 serogroups of E. coli (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145) found in foods, known as the "Big Six". Outbreaks from these serogroups have led to reports from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This review discusses the importance of the Big Six E. coli serogroups, which are frequently encountered today and cause significant public health problems.

Keywords

Big Six E. coli E. coli epidemic foodborne diseases STEC

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  • Assefa A, Bihon, A (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of Escherichia coli in foods of animal origin in Ethiopia. Heliyon, 4(8): Article e00716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00716
  • Erol İ. (2007). Gıda Hijyeni ve Mikrobiyolojisi. Pozitif Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Elitok B, Bingüler N (2018). Kanatlılarda Escherichia coli enfeksiyonları. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg., 11(1): 34-38.
  • Vasan A (2014). Thermal tolerance characteristics of non-O157 shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli in meat systems. Doktora Tezi. University of Wisconsin – Madison.
  • Erkmen O (2013). Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi. Efil Yayınevi, Ankara
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  • Biliński P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Posobkiewicz M, Bondaryk M, Hołownia P, Wojtyła A (2012). Public health hazards in Poland are posed by foodstuffs contaminated with E. coli O104:H4 bacterium from the recent European outbreak. Ann Agric Environ Med., 19(1): 3–10.
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  • EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) (2023). The european union one health 2022 zoonoses report. EFSA Journal, 21(12): Article e8442. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8442
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Tahacan Him 0000-0003-2353-9351

Samet Topçuoğlu 0000-0001-7458-5492

Karlo Muratoğlu 0000-0001-8705-6813

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date June 3, 2024
Acceptance Date April 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Him, T., Topçuoğlu, S., & Muratoğlu, K. (2025). Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1489397
AMA Him T, Topçuoğlu S, Muratoğlu K. Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. June 2025;18(1):79-85. doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1489397
Chicago Him, Tahacan, Samet Topçuoğlu, and Karlo Muratoğlu. “Gıda Kaynaklı ‘Büyük Altı’ Tehlikesi”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 18, no. 1 (June 2025): 79-85. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1489397.
EndNote Him T, Topçuoğlu S, Muratoğlu K (June 1, 2025) Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 18 1 79–85.
IEEE T. Him, S. Topçuoğlu, and K. Muratoğlu, “Gıda Kaynaklı ‘Büyük Altı’ Tehlikesi”, Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 79–85, 2025, doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.1489397.
ISNAD Him, Tahacan et al. “Gıda Kaynaklı ‘Büyük Altı’ Tehlikesi”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 18/1 (June 2025), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1489397.
JAMA Him T, Topçuoğlu S, Muratoğlu K. Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2025;18:79–85.
MLA Him, Tahacan et al. “Gıda Kaynaklı ‘Büyük Altı’ Tehlikesi”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 1, 2025, pp. 79-85, doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1489397.
Vancouver Him T, Topçuoğlu S, Muratoğlu K. Gıda Kaynaklı “Büyük Altı” Tehlikesi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2025;18(1):79-85.
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