Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 43, 19.06.2025

H. Sena Akkışla

Abstract

References

  • Akçura Karaman, Tuba. Üreticinin Ayıplı Ürününün Sebep Olduğu Zararlar Nedeniyle Üçüncü Kişilere Karşı Sorumluluğu, Beta Yayınevi, 2008.
  • Aslan Yılmaz, İ. 6502 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Tüketici Hukuku. Ekin Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Atamer, Yeşim M. ve Micklitz, Hans W., “The Implementation of the EU Consumer Protection Directives in Turkey”, Pennysilvania State International Law Review, 27, no. 3- 4, (2009): 1842-43.
  • Aydoğdu, Murat. Tüketici Hukuku Dersleri. Adalet Yayınevi, 2015.
  • Baysal, Başak. Haksız Fiil Hukuku. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Behr, Volker, “Myth and Reality of Punitive Damages in Germany”, J. L. & Com., no. 24, (2005): 197-222.
  • Bennington, Andrew. “Tort Law: Statutory Stalemate: Strict Products Liability and Comparative Negligence in South Carolina”, South Case Law Review, no. 56, (2005): 815-825.
  • Boger, William. “The Harmonization of European Product Liabilty Law”, Fordham International Law Journal, 7, no. 1 (1983).
  • Castillo, Joel González. “Products Liability in Europe and the United States,” Revista Chilena de Derecho 39, no. 2, (2012): 277-296.
  • Çabri, Sezer. Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun Şerhi. Adalet Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Durham, Bryant. “Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability”, Ga. J. International Comparative Law, no. 4, (1974): 178-196.
  • Dutson, Stuart. "Product Liability and Private International Law: Jurisdiction in International Product Liability Litigation”, Bond Law Review 9, no. 1 (1997): 39-45.
  • Fairgrieve, Duncan and Howells, Geraint. “Introduction to Product Liability”, International Product Law Manual, Kluwer Law International, 2011.
  • Frietsch, Erik. “Die Produkthaftungs- Richtlinie Der Europaischen Gemeinschaft Und Der Luftverkehr”, Zeitschrift Für Luft-Und Weltraumrecht- German Journal of Air and Space 36, no. 2 (1987): 170–86.
  • Furrer, Andreas. “Produktesicherheit, Produktehaftung Und Technische Normung.” In Produktsicherheit Und Produkthaftung - Neue Herausforderungen Für Schweizeerische Unternehmen. (Stämpfli Verlag, 2011).
  • Gökcan, Hasan Tahsin. Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğu ve Tazminat Davaları. Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2003.
  • Goldberg# John and Benjamin, Zipursky. The Oxford Introductions to U.S. Law: Torts. Oxford University Press, 2010. Greenman v Yuba Power Products, Inc CaseBrief, Retrieved on 8 May 2019, from http://www.freecasebriefs.com/greenman-v-yuba-power-products-inc-1963%7C/
  • Gümüş, Mustafa Alper. 6502 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun Şerhi, C.1. Vedat Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • Gürpınar, Damla. “Haksız Fiil Kaynaklı Zararların Tazmini Bakımından 6098 Sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunun Getirdikleri”, İzmir Barosu Dergisi, no. 2 (2012): 254-263.
  • Hager, Gerald. “Umwelthaftung Und Produkthaftung”, JuristenZeitung, no. 9 (1990): 397–409.
  • Hardy, Robert. “Punitive Damages for Certain Categories of Breach of Contract?,” In The Power of Punitive Damages - Is Europe Missing Out?, Ed. Lotte Merkens/Emily Nordin, Intersentia, 2014.
  • Hess, H.Jack. Produktehaftung – Produktesicherheit. Schulthess Verlag, 2021.
  • Hodges, Christopher. Product Liability European Laws and Practice. Sweet&Maxwell, 1993.
  • Howells, Geraint. “Strict Liability”, in The Law of Product Liability, Butterworths, 2000.
  • Howells, Geraint, “A History of Harmonisation”, Towards a European Civil Code, Third Fully Revised and Expanded Edition, Kluwer Law International, 2004.
  • Howells, Geraint and Mildred, Mark. “Is European Products Liability More Protective Than the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability?”, Tenn. L. Rev., 65, 1997-1998.
  • İnal, Tamer. Tüketici Hukuku, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • İnceoğlu, Murat. “Ürün Sorumluluğunda Sorumlular.” In Ürün Sorumluluğu, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Kanışlı, Erkan. “Ürün Güvenliği ve Teknik Düzenlemeler Kanunu Uyarınca Üreticinin Sorumluluğu,” Istanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 78, no. 3 (2020): 1413–68.
  • Kaplan, İbrahim. “İmalatçının Sorumluluğu.” BATİDER XIII, no. I, (1985): 137-140.
  • Kırca, Çiğdem. Ürün Sorumluluğu. Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 2007.
  • Kulaklı Emrah. Ürün Sorumluluğu ve Ayıp Kavramı. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2009.
  • Logan, Michael and Zach, Mayer and Brian, Fisher. "Products Liability: Protection for the "Innocent" Seller in Texas," National Law Journal, no. 12.
  • Lorenz, Werner. “Some Thoughts About International Product Liability,” In The Law of Obligations: Essays in Celebration of John Fleming, Ed. Peter Cane/Jane Stapleton. Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • Magnus, Ulrich. Punitive Damages and German Law, The Power of Punitive Damages- Is Europe Missing Out?, Intersentia, 2014.
  • Markesiniz, Basil and Unberath, Hannes. The German Law of Torts, A Comparative Treatise, Fourth Edition, Hart Publishing, 2002.
  • Miller, Charles and Goldberg, Robert. Product Liability, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Noel, David. "Defective products: Extension of strict liability to bystanders," Tennessee Law Revue, 38, no. 1 (1970): 1-13.
  • Owen, David. “The Evolution of Product Liability Law”, Rev. Litig., 26, no. 4, (2007): 182-196.
  • Owen, David G.. Products Liability Law, (West Academic, 2015).
  • Öz, Turgut. “Üreticinin Sorumluluğu”, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 2 (2007): 7–18. Öztan Bilge. İmalâtçının Sorumluluğu. Turhan Kitapevi, 1982.
  • Paksoy, Meliha Sermin and Demir Arslan, Gizem. “Üreticinin TBK 71 Kapsamında Sorumlu Tutulması”, İÜHFM, LXXI, no. 2, (2013): 96-112.
  • Percy, Philips, "Products Liability - Tort or Contract or What", Tulane Law Revue, no. 40, (1965): 715.
  • Reese Willis, L.“The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability”, International Lawyer, 8, no.3 (1974).
  • Reitz, C. and Seabolt, M. "Warranties and Product Liability: Who Can Sue and Where", Temple Law Quarterly, 46, no. 4 (1972): 527-539.
  • Reimann, Mathias. "Liability for Defective Products at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century: Emergence of a Worldwide Standard". The American Journal of Comparative Law 51, no. 4, (2003): 751–838.
  • Reimann, Mathias. "Product liability," In Comparative Tort Law: Global Perspectives. (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015): 250–278.
  • Saraç, Sanem. Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda Tehlike Sorumluluğu. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2013.
  • Serozan, Rona. “Yürürlükteki Ifa Engelleri ve Haksız Fiiller Hukukunun Yetersizlikleri ve Bu Yetersizliklerin Aşılmasında Giderek Önemi Artan Kavramlar: Sözleşmenin Müspet Ihlâli ve Culpa in Contrahendo,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi 15, no. 18 (1990): 27–42.
  • Shapo Marshall, S. “Comparing Product Liability: Concepts in European and American Law,” Cornell International Law Journal no. 26, (1993).
  • Straub, W. Produktehaftung Für Informationstechnologiefehler EUProduktehaftungsrichtlinie Und Schweizerisches Produktehaftungsgesetz. Schulthess Verlag, 2002.
  • Schwartze, Andreas. “A European regime on international product liability: Article 5 Rome II Regulation”, NIPR, 4, 2008.
  • Taschner, Hans Claudius. “Harmonization of Product Liability Law in the EC,” Texas International Law Journal 34, (1999): 22-34.
  • Taschner, Hans Claudius. “Product liability: Basic problems in a comparative law perspective,” Product Liability in Comparative Perspective, (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • Traynor, Robert. "The ways and meanings of defective products and strict liability", Tennessee Law Revue, 32, no.3 (1964): 363-376.
  • Tiryaki, Betül. “Avrupa Konseyi’nin 25.7.1985 Tarihli Direktifi’ne Göre Üreticinin Sorumluluğunun Şartları ve Tüketicinin Korunması Mevzuatı Ile Mukayesesi”, AÜHFD 55, no. 2 (2006): 229–35.
  • Ünal, Akın and Arif, Kalkan. “Türk Hukukunda Ürün Sorumluluğu Üzerine Olan ve Olması Gereken Hukuka Dair Genel Düşünceler.” TAAD, no. 39 (2019): 45–72.
  • Ünan, Samim. "Ürün Sorumluluğu Sigortası." içinde Ürün Sorumluluğu, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Werro, Franz and Vernon, Valentine Palmer and Anne-Catherine, Hahn, “Synthesis and Survey of the Case and Results”, The Boundaries of Strict Liability in European Tort Law, Ed. Franz Werro/Vernon Valentine Palmer, Carolina Academic Press/Stæmpfli Publishers Ltd., 2004.
  • Widmer, P. “Produktehaftung - Konzept Und Umsetzung.” In Produktsicherheit Und Produkthaftung - Neue Herausforderungen Für Schweizeerische Unternehmen. Stämpfli Verlag, 2011, 110–19.
  • Yasan Tepetaş, Candan, İmalatçının Orumluluğu ve Uygulanacak Hukuk. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Ziegler, H. Evaluation Results of the Medical and Psychological Assessment (MPA) in Germany. New Relapse Rate of Drink-Drivers after Medical and Psychological Assessment of Fitness to Drive (MPA). Schriftenreihe Fahreignung. Kirschbaum Verlag, 2012.

Evaluation of a New Decision of the German Federal Supreme Court on the Liability of the Manufacturer and the Secondary Burden of Proof within the Framework of Comparative Law

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 43, 19.06.2025

H. Sena Akkışla

Abstract

Global economy, increasing population, increasing technological developments increase both product greenness and interest in products. In addition to the fact that the products put on the market by the producers should not harm the safety of life and property of the consumers, being environmentally friendly is a criterion that has attracted attention especially in recent years. In our study, an important decision of the German Federal Supreme Court will be analysed. The subject of this decision is the liability of the manufacturer and the secondary burden of proof. In terms of the evaluation of the decision, the liability of the manufacturer will be analysed in German Law, English Law, French Law, Swiss Law and Turkish Law. The legal basis, conditions and scope of the manufacturer's product monitoring obligation will be explained. The beginning and the result of the manufacturer's liability will be discussed in the study and the deficiencies in the field of law will be tried to be solved by making an evaluation within the framework of the decision of the German Federal Court.

Keywords

Product Liability Defective Product Product Safety Manufacturer's Liability Comparative Law

References

  • Akçura Karaman, Tuba. Üreticinin Ayıplı Ürününün Sebep Olduğu Zararlar Nedeniyle Üçüncü Kişilere Karşı Sorumluluğu, Beta Yayınevi, 2008.
  • Aslan Yılmaz, İ. 6502 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Tüketici Hukuku. Ekin Yayınevi, 2014.
  • Atamer, Yeşim M. ve Micklitz, Hans W., “The Implementation of the EU Consumer Protection Directives in Turkey”, Pennysilvania State International Law Review, 27, no. 3- 4, (2009): 1842-43.
  • Aydoğdu, Murat. Tüketici Hukuku Dersleri. Adalet Yayınevi, 2015.
  • Baysal, Başak. Haksız Fiil Hukuku. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Behr, Volker, “Myth and Reality of Punitive Damages in Germany”, J. L. & Com., no. 24, (2005): 197-222.
  • Bennington, Andrew. “Tort Law: Statutory Stalemate: Strict Products Liability and Comparative Negligence in South Carolina”, South Case Law Review, no. 56, (2005): 815-825.
  • Boger, William. “The Harmonization of European Product Liabilty Law”, Fordham International Law Journal, 7, no. 1 (1983).
  • Castillo, Joel González. “Products Liability in Europe and the United States,” Revista Chilena de Derecho 39, no. 2, (2012): 277-296.
  • Çabri, Sezer. Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun Şerhi. Adalet Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Durham, Bryant. “Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability”, Ga. J. International Comparative Law, no. 4, (1974): 178-196.
  • Dutson, Stuart. "Product Liability and Private International Law: Jurisdiction in International Product Liability Litigation”, Bond Law Review 9, no. 1 (1997): 39-45.
  • Fairgrieve, Duncan and Howells, Geraint. “Introduction to Product Liability”, International Product Law Manual, Kluwer Law International, 2011.
  • Frietsch, Erik. “Die Produkthaftungs- Richtlinie Der Europaischen Gemeinschaft Und Der Luftverkehr”, Zeitschrift Für Luft-Und Weltraumrecht- German Journal of Air and Space 36, no. 2 (1987): 170–86.
  • Furrer, Andreas. “Produktesicherheit, Produktehaftung Und Technische Normung.” In Produktsicherheit Und Produkthaftung - Neue Herausforderungen Für Schweizeerische Unternehmen. (Stämpfli Verlag, 2011).
  • Gökcan, Hasan Tahsin. Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğu ve Tazminat Davaları. Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2003.
  • Goldberg# John and Benjamin, Zipursky. The Oxford Introductions to U.S. Law: Torts. Oxford University Press, 2010. Greenman v Yuba Power Products, Inc CaseBrief, Retrieved on 8 May 2019, from http://www.freecasebriefs.com/greenman-v-yuba-power-products-inc-1963%7C/
  • Gümüş, Mustafa Alper. 6502 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun Şerhi, C.1. Vedat Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • Gürpınar, Damla. “Haksız Fiil Kaynaklı Zararların Tazmini Bakımından 6098 Sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunun Getirdikleri”, İzmir Barosu Dergisi, no. 2 (2012): 254-263.
  • Hager, Gerald. “Umwelthaftung Und Produkthaftung”, JuristenZeitung, no. 9 (1990): 397–409.
  • Hardy, Robert. “Punitive Damages for Certain Categories of Breach of Contract?,” In The Power of Punitive Damages - Is Europe Missing Out?, Ed. Lotte Merkens/Emily Nordin, Intersentia, 2014.
  • Hess, H.Jack. Produktehaftung – Produktesicherheit. Schulthess Verlag, 2021.
  • Hodges, Christopher. Product Liability European Laws and Practice. Sweet&Maxwell, 1993.
  • Howells, Geraint. “Strict Liability”, in The Law of Product Liability, Butterworths, 2000.
  • Howells, Geraint, “A History of Harmonisation”, Towards a European Civil Code, Third Fully Revised and Expanded Edition, Kluwer Law International, 2004.
  • Howells, Geraint and Mildred, Mark. “Is European Products Liability More Protective Than the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability?”, Tenn. L. Rev., 65, 1997-1998.
  • İnal, Tamer. Tüketici Hukuku, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • İnceoğlu, Murat. “Ürün Sorumluluğunda Sorumlular.” In Ürün Sorumluluğu, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Kanışlı, Erkan. “Ürün Güvenliği ve Teknik Düzenlemeler Kanunu Uyarınca Üreticinin Sorumluluğu,” Istanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 78, no. 3 (2020): 1413–68.
  • Kaplan, İbrahim. “İmalatçının Sorumluluğu.” BATİDER XIII, no. I, (1985): 137-140.
  • Kırca, Çiğdem. Ürün Sorumluluğu. Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 2007.
  • Kulaklı Emrah. Ürün Sorumluluğu ve Ayıp Kavramı. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2009.
  • Logan, Michael and Zach, Mayer and Brian, Fisher. "Products Liability: Protection for the "Innocent" Seller in Texas," National Law Journal, no. 12.
  • Lorenz, Werner. “Some Thoughts About International Product Liability,” In The Law of Obligations: Essays in Celebration of John Fleming, Ed. Peter Cane/Jane Stapleton. Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • Magnus, Ulrich. Punitive Damages and German Law, The Power of Punitive Damages- Is Europe Missing Out?, Intersentia, 2014.
  • Markesiniz, Basil and Unberath, Hannes. The German Law of Torts, A Comparative Treatise, Fourth Edition, Hart Publishing, 2002.
  • Miller, Charles and Goldberg, Robert. Product Liability, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Noel, David. "Defective products: Extension of strict liability to bystanders," Tennessee Law Revue, 38, no. 1 (1970): 1-13.
  • Owen, David. “The Evolution of Product Liability Law”, Rev. Litig., 26, no. 4, (2007): 182-196.
  • Owen, David G.. Products Liability Law, (West Academic, 2015).
  • Öz, Turgut. “Üreticinin Sorumluluğu”, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 2 (2007): 7–18. Öztan Bilge. İmalâtçının Sorumluluğu. Turhan Kitapevi, 1982.
  • Paksoy, Meliha Sermin and Demir Arslan, Gizem. “Üreticinin TBK 71 Kapsamında Sorumlu Tutulması”, İÜHFM, LXXI, no. 2, (2013): 96-112.
  • Percy, Philips, "Products Liability - Tort or Contract or What", Tulane Law Revue, no. 40, (1965): 715.
  • Reese Willis, L.“The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Products Liability”, International Lawyer, 8, no.3 (1974).
  • Reitz, C. and Seabolt, M. "Warranties and Product Liability: Who Can Sue and Where", Temple Law Quarterly, 46, no. 4 (1972): 527-539.
  • Reimann, Mathias. "Liability for Defective Products at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century: Emergence of a Worldwide Standard". The American Journal of Comparative Law 51, no. 4, (2003): 751–838.
  • Reimann, Mathias. "Product liability," In Comparative Tort Law: Global Perspectives. (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015): 250–278.
  • Saraç, Sanem. Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda Tehlike Sorumluluğu. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2013.
  • Serozan, Rona. “Yürürlükteki Ifa Engelleri ve Haksız Fiiller Hukukunun Yetersizlikleri ve Bu Yetersizliklerin Aşılmasında Giderek Önemi Artan Kavramlar: Sözleşmenin Müspet Ihlâli ve Culpa in Contrahendo,” Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi 15, no. 18 (1990): 27–42.
  • Shapo Marshall, S. “Comparing Product Liability: Concepts in European and American Law,” Cornell International Law Journal no. 26, (1993).
  • Straub, W. Produktehaftung Für Informationstechnologiefehler EUProduktehaftungsrichtlinie Und Schweizerisches Produktehaftungsgesetz. Schulthess Verlag, 2002.
  • Schwartze, Andreas. “A European regime on international product liability: Article 5 Rome II Regulation”, NIPR, 4, 2008.
  • Taschner, Hans Claudius. “Harmonization of Product Liability Law in the EC,” Texas International Law Journal 34, (1999): 22-34.
  • Taschner, Hans Claudius. “Product liability: Basic problems in a comparative law perspective,” Product Liability in Comparative Perspective, (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • Traynor, Robert. "The ways and meanings of defective products and strict liability", Tennessee Law Revue, 32, no.3 (1964): 363-376.
  • Tiryaki, Betül. “Avrupa Konseyi’nin 25.7.1985 Tarihli Direktifi’ne Göre Üreticinin Sorumluluğunun Şartları ve Tüketicinin Korunması Mevzuatı Ile Mukayesesi”, AÜHFD 55, no. 2 (2006): 229–35.
  • Ünal, Akın and Arif, Kalkan. “Türk Hukukunda Ürün Sorumluluğu Üzerine Olan ve Olması Gereken Hukuka Dair Genel Düşünceler.” TAAD, no. 39 (2019): 45–72.
  • Ünan, Samim. "Ürün Sorumluluğu Sigortası." içinde Ürün Sorumluluğu, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Werro, Franz and Vernon, Valentine Palmer and Anne-Catherine, Hahn, “Synthesis and Survey of the Case and Results”, The Boundaries of Strict Liability in European Tort Law, Ed. Franz Werro/Vernon Valentine Palmer, Carolina Academic Press/Stæmpfli Publishers Ltd., 2004.
  • Widmer, P. “Produktehaftung - Konzept Und Umsetzung.” In Produktsicherheit Und Produkthaftung - Neue Herausforderungen Für Schweizeerische Unternehmen. Stämpfli Verlag, 2011, 110–19.
  • Yasan Tepetaş, Candan, İmalatçının Orumluluğu ve Uygulanacak Hukuk. On İki Levha Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Ziegler, H. Evaluation Results of the Medical and Psychological Assessment (MPA) in Germany. New Relapse Rate of Drink-Drivers after Medical and Psychological Assessment of Fitness to Drive (MPA). Schriftenreihe Fahreignung. Kirschbaum Verlag, 2012.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Comparative Law
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

H. Sena Akkışla 0000-0002-0478-5904

Publication Date June 19, 2025
Submission Date October 27, 2024
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Akkışla, H. Sena. “Evaluation of a New Decision of the German Federal Supreme Court on the Liability of the Manufacturer and the Secondary Burden of Proof Within the Framework of Comparative Law”. Eurasian Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (June 2025): 1-43.
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