Research Article
Evaluation of anthropometric risk parameters and meal habits in university students according to gender
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate anthropometric risk parameters and meal habits regarding nutrition-related chronic diseases in university students according to gender.
Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 898 university students. A questionnaire was used to determine the demographic characteristics and meal habits of university students. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) was measured and, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.9 ± 1.96. 76.5% were female, 82.5% skipped meals. Mean values of all anthropometric parameters respectively body weight, height, BMI, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR; 61.0±11.7 kg, 166.7±8.4 cm, 21.8±3.0 kg/m2 ,75.3±9.3 cm, 96.3±7.8 cm, 0.78±0.07 and 0.45±0.05. Mean values of all parameters were found to be significantly different according to gender (p <0.05). According to BMI group 11.7% of females and 26.5% of males were overweight or obese. The prevalence of the participants at risk (above the cut-points) was 4.7% in men and 3.2% in women for abdominal obesity (WC). 14.8% of the females and 32.7% of the males have the "risk" WHR. Central obesity was found in 13.1% of the subjects according to WHtR cut-off degree.
Conclusion: There was statistically significant relationship between the meal skipping status and the mean WC (cm) of the participants. It was observed that waist circumference was higher in male students and those who frequently skipped meals.
Ethical Statement
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Necessary permissions were obtained from the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee of Firat University (Elazig, Turkey) before conducting the study (decision dated and numbered 13/06/2018-04-04).
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References
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- 5-Taftian M, Sasanfar B, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Seyedhosseini S, Khayyatzadeh S S, Madadizadeh F, et al. The association between dietary meal intake habits and coronary artery stenosis and cardio-metabolic risk factors. BMC nutrition, 2024; 10(1): 86. DOI:10.1186/s40795-024-00895-1
- 6-World Health Organization Global Database Obesity and Overweight 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
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- 8-Harald J. Schneider, Heide Glaesmer, Jens Klotsche, Steffen Böhler, Hendrik Lehnert, Andreas M. Zeiher, Winfried März, David Pittrow, Günter K. Stalla, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, (2007) Accuracy of Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity to Predict Cardiovascular Risk, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92(2), 589–594. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0254
- 9-Yeşil, Esen, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between waist height ratio and other anthropometric measures in the risk of chronic diseases. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2019; 10(2):241-246.
- 10-Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey (TBSA), 2010: Evaluation of nutritional status and habits final report. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Research, 2014. Accessed date: 20.05.2023. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,4736/turkiye-beslenme-ve-saglik-arastirmasi-2010-yayinlandi.html
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- 13-Mei J, Fulay A, Leung C. Associations between college-student food insecurity and diet at a large, public Midwestern University. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;29;4:243. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_094
- 14-Reıs A S Dos, Soares L P. Estudantes De Nutrıção Apresentam Rısco Para Transtornos Alımentares. Revista Brasileira De Ciências Da Saúde, 2017; 21(4): 29881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2317-6032.2017v21n4.29881
- 15- Xu W, Zhang H, Paillard-Borg S, Zhu H, Qi X, Rizzuto D. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults: role of adiposity indicators and age. Obes Facts. 2016; 9(1):17–28. DOI: 10.1159/000443003
- 16-Ashwell, M., Browning, L.M. (2011) The Increasing Importance of Waist-to Height Ratio to Assess Cardiometabolic Risk: A Plea for Consistent Terminology. The Open Obesity Journal 2011; 311(1):70-77. DOI: 10.2174/1876823701103010070
- 17-Yıldırım, İ., Yıldırım, Y., Işık, Ö., Karagöz, Ş., Ersöz, Y., Doğan, İ. (2017). Obesity Prevalence Among Unıversıty Students Accordıng to Dıfferent Measurement Methods. Inonu University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (IUJPESS), 2017, 4(2), 20- 33. 18-Özütürker S, Koca Özer B. Erzincan Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Antropometrik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. ERZSOSDER, 2016; 9 (2), 63 -74.
- 19-Arpa Zemzemoğlu T E, Erem S, Uludağ E, Uzun S. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Food and Health, 2019; 5(3), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19020
- 20-Yılmaz T M, Akın A D, Aydın D, Büyükmumcu, M. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Antropometrik Olarak Vücut Ölçümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 2013; 29 (1), 1-4.
- 21-Ramírez-Contreras C, Farrán-Codina A, Izquierdo-Pulido M., Zerón-Rugerio M F. A higher dietary restraint is associated with higher BMI: a cross-sectional study in college students. Physiology & Behavior, 2021; 240: 113536.
- 22-Turkey Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Study. Ministry of Health, 2013 Ankara. Accessed date: 20.05.2024. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Yayin/463
- 23-Olatona, F. A., Onabanjo, O. O., Ugbaja, R. N., Nnoaham, K. E., & Adelekan, D. A. (2018). Dietary habits and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in a university undergraduate population. J Health Popul Nutr. 2018; 16;37(1):21. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0152-2
- 24-Ashwell M., Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2005; 56 (5), 303-307. DOI: 10.1080/09637480500195066
- 25-Gökpınar B, Yoncalık O, Yoncalık M T. Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesi, beslenme bilgi düzeyleri ve bazal metabolik hız seviyelerinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023; 17(2), 190-201.
- 26-Çöl B G, Elkin N, Yalçın S, Nizamlıoğlu M, Barut A Y, Öztürk H N O, Kurtuluş E M. Sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve obezite durumu. Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, 2023; 19, 194-207.
- 27-Gül, K., Gül, M. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yiyecek Seçimi ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları: Balıkesir Üniversitesi Örneği. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 7(4), 551–574.
- 28-Yaman Z A, Ünal E. Bolu il merkezinde gençlik ve spor bakanlığına bağlı yurtlarda kalan üniversite öğrencilerinin beslenme bilgi düzeyinin ve obezite/fazla kiloluluk sıklığının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2021; 6(3), 296-309.
- 29-Oliveira ELS, Furlan MCR, Uiliana CH, et al. Evaluation of food habits in university students. Revista de Enfermagem do Centro-Oeste Mineiro.2021;11:3742. DOI: http://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v10i0.3742
- 30-Palmeros-Exsome, Carolina, et al. Risky eating behaviors and body satisfaction in Mexican university students. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética. 2022; 26 (2): 95-103.
- 31-Oladipo G S, Jaiyeoba-ojigho J E, Adheke O M, Mbam J O. Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio as Health Risk Predictors among selected Southern Nigerian University Undergraduates. International Archives of Medical Research, 2023; 15(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1375753
- 32-Ugbenyen A M, Ajayi O O. Studying the Anthropometric Indices of University Students at a Nigerian University. Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine, 2023; 6(4), 192-198.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Antropometrik Risk Parametreleri ve Öğün Alışkanlıklarının cinsiyete göre değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde beslenmeye bağlı kronik hastalıklara ilişkin antropometrik risk parametreleri ve öğün alışkanlıklarının cinsiyete göre değerlendirilmesidir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma toplam 898 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde yapıldı. Üniversite öğrencilerinin demografik özelliklerini ve öğün alışkanlıklarını belirlemek için anket formu kullanıldı. Vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi ölçüldü ve beden kütle indeksi (BKI), bel-kalça oranı, bel-boy oranı hesaplandı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20,9 ± 2,0 yıldır. %76,5’i kız öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır, %82,5'i öğün atlamaktadır. Tüm antropometrik parametrelerin, vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, BKI, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi, bel-kalça oranı, bel-boy oranı ortalama değerleri sırasıyla; 61,0±11,7 kg, 166,7±8,4 cm, 21,8±3,0 kg/m2, 75,3±9,3 cm, 96,3±7,8 cm, 0,78±0,07 ve 0,45±0,05 idi. Tüm parametrelerin ortalama değerleri cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdi (p<0,05). BKI grubuna göre kadınların% 11,7'si ve erkeklerin% 26,5'i fazla kilolu veya şişmandı. Bel çevresine göre abdominal obezite için risk altındakilerin prevalansı (sınır noktalarının üzerinde) erkeklerde % 4,7 ve kadınlarda % 3,2 idi. Kadınların %14,8'i ve erkeklerin %32,7'si "riskli" bel-kalça oranına sahipti. Bel-boy oranı kesme derecesine göre katılımcıların % 13,1'inde santral obezite saptandı.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların öğün atlamaları ile ortalama bel çevresi (cm) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardı. Erkek öğrencilerde ve sıklıkla öğün atlayanlarda bel çevresinin yüksek olduğu görüldü.
Project Number
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References
- 1-Kabakuş Aykut M, Bilici S. The relationship between the risk of eating disorder and meal patterns in University students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 2022;27(2): 579-587. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01179-4
- 2-Gropper SS. The role of nutrition in chronic disease. Nutrients, 2023;15(3): 664. DOI:10.3390/nu15030664
- 3-Drzal N, Kerver J M, Strakovsky R S, Weatherspoon L, Alaimo K. Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating among college students. Nutrition Research, 2025;133:161-171. DOI:10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.001 4-Lampignano L, Zupo R, Donghia R, Guerra V, Castellana F, Murro I, et al. (2020) Cross-sectional relationship among different anthropometric parameters and cardio-metabolic risk factors in a cohort of patients with overweight or obesity. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0241841. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241841
- 5-Taftian M, Sasanfar B, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Seyedhosseini S, Khayyatzadeh S S, Madadizadeh F, et al. The association between dietary meal intake habits and coronary artery stenosis and cardio-metabolic risk factors. BMC nutrition, 2024; 10(1): 86. DOI:10.1186/s40795-024-00895-1
- 6-World Health Organization Global Database Obesity and Overweight 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
- 7-Satman I, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European journal of epidemiology 2013; 28: 169-180. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
- 8-Harald J. Schneider, Heide Glaesmer, Jens Klotsche, Steffen Böhler, Hendrik Lehnert, Andreas M. Zeiher, Winfried März, David Pittrow, Günter K. Stalla, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, (2007) Accuracy of Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity to Predict Cardiovascular Risk, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 92(2), 589–594. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0254
- 9-Yeşil, Esen, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between waist height ratio and other anthropometric measures in the risk of chronic diseases. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2019; 10(2):241-246.
- 10-Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey (TBSA), 2010: Evaluation of nutritional status and habits final report. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Research, 2014. Accessed date: 20.05.2023. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,4736/turkiye-beslenme-ve-saglik-arastirmasi-2010-yayinlandi.html
- 11-Turkey Endocrinology and Metabolism Society (TEMD), Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu, 2019. Accessed date:20.09.2023 https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/20190506163904-2019tbl_kilavuz5ccdcb9e5d.pdf?a=1
- 12-Yun TC, Ahmad SR, Quee DKS. Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Practices among University Students in Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Malays J Med Sci. 2018; 28;25(3):56–66. DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.6
- 13-Mei J, Fulay A, Leung C. Associations between college-student food insecurity and diet at a large, public Midwestern University. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;29;4:243. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_094
- 14-Reıs A S Dos, Soares L P. Estudantes De Nutrıção Apresentam Rısco Para Transtornos Alımentares. Revista Brasileira De Ciências Da Saúde, 2017; 21(4): 29881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2317-6032.2017v21n4.29881
- 15- Xu W, Zhang H, Paillard-Borg S, Zhu H, Qi X, Rizzuto D. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults: role of adiposity indicators and age. Obes Facts. 2016; 9(1):17–28. DOI: 10.1159/000443003
- 16-Ashwell, M., Browning, L.M. (2011) The Increasing Importance of Waist-to Height Ratio to Assess Cardiometabolic Risk: A Plea for Consistent Terminology. The Open Obesity Journal 2011; 311(1):70-77. DOI: 10.2174/1876823701103010070
- 17-Yıldırım, İ., Yıldırım, Y., Işık, Ö., Karagöz, Ş., Ersöz, Y., Doğan, İ. (2017). Obesity Prevalence Among Unıversıty Students Accordıng to Dıfferent Measurement Methods. Inonu University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (IUJPESS), 2017, 4(2), 20- 33. 18-Özütürker S, Koca Özer B. Erzincan Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Antropometrik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. ERZSOSDER, 2016; 9 (2), 63 -74.
- 19-Arpa Zemzemoğlu T E, Erem S, Uludağ E, Uzun S. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Food and Health, 2019; 5(3), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19020
- 20-Yılmaz T M, Akın A D, Aydın D, Büyükmumcu, M. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Antropometrik Olarak Vücut Ölçümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 2013; 29 (1), 1-4.
- 21-Ramírez-Contreras C, Farrán-Codina A, Izquierdo-Pulido M., Zerón-Rugerio M F. A higher dietary restraint is associated with higher BMI: a cross-sectional study in college students. Physiology & Behavior, 2021; 240: 113536.
- 22-Turkey Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Study. Ministry of Health, 2013 Ankara. Accessed date: 20.05.2024. https://ekutuphane.saglik.gov.tr/Yayin/463
- 23-Olatona, F. A., Onabanjo, O. O., Ugbaja, R. N., Nnoaham, K. E., & Adelekan, D. A. (2018). Dietary habits and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in a university undergraduate population. J Health Popul Nutr. 2018; 16;37(1):21. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0152-2
- 24-Ashwell M., Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2005; 56 (5), 303-307. DOI: 10.1080/09637480500195066
- 25-Gökpınar B, Yoncalık O, Yoncalık M T. Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesi, beslenme bilgi düzeyleri ve bazal metabolik hız seviyelerinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023; 17(2), 190-201.
- 26-Çöl B G, Elkin N, Yalçın S, Nizamlıoğlu M, Barut A Y, Öztürk H N O, Kurtuluş E M. Sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve obezite durumu. Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, 2023; 19, 194-207.
- 27-Gül, K., Gül, M. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yiyecek Seçimi ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları: Balıkesir Üniversitesi Örneği. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 7(4), 551–574.
- 28-Yaman Z A, Ünal E. Bolu il merkezinde gençlik ve spor bakanlığına bağlı yurtlarda kalan üniversite öğrencilerinin beslenme bilgi düzeyinin ve obezite/fazla kiloluluk sıklığının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2021; 6(3), 296-309.
- 29-Oliveira ELS, Furlan MCR, Uiliana CH, et al. Evaluation of food habits in university students. Revista de Enfermagem do Centro-Oeste Mineiro.2021;11:3742. DOI: http://doi.org/10.19175/recom.v10i0.3742
- 30-Palmeros-Exsome, Carolina, et al. Risky eating behaviors and body satisfaction in Mexican university students. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética. 2022; 26 (2): 95-103.
- 31-Oladipo G S, Jaiyeoba-ojigho J E, Adheke O M, Mbam J O. Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio as Health Risk Predictors among selected Southern Nigerian University Undergraduates. International Archives of Medical Research, 2023; 15(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1375753
- 32-Ugbenyen A M, Ajayi O O. Studying the Anthropometric Indices of University Students at a Nigerian University. Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine, 2023; 6(4), 192-198.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Public Health Nutrition |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Early Pub Date | April 28, 2025 |
| Publication Date | March 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | September 23, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
