Research Article
Türkiye’de tatlı su balık yetiştiriciliği sektöründe iklim değişikliği farkındalığı ve potansiyel riskler: Ankete dayalı bir değerlendirme
Abstract
Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörü, sel, kuraklık, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi, su kıtlığı ve su kirliliği gibi su kaynakları üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan iklim değişikliğine karşı kırılgandır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için tatlısularda balık yetiştiriciliği yapan üreticilerin iklim değişikliği farkındalığı ve ilişkili potansiyel riskler araştırılmıştır. 2020 yılında 25 nehir havzasında 1440 aktif alabalık üreten tesisten 257'sine anket uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, üreticilerin %79'unun iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileri konusunda farkındalıklarının olduğunu göstermiş, balık sağlığını tehdit edecek en yüksek etki su miktarı ve kalitesi olarak rapor edilmiştir. Aşırı hava olayları açısından, katılımcıların sırasıyla %40'ı sel ve %35'i kuraklık yaşamıştır. Sıcaklık artışının tesis sahipleri için bir tehdit oluşturduğu ve alabalık üretimini etkilediği belirtilmiştir. Üreticilerin üçte biri 6500-30.000 € arasında maddi kayıp yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Tesislerin yaklaşık %40'ında su paylaşımı sorunu vardır. Su tahsisinde gelecek kaygısı %70’in üzerinde çıkmış, tarım sigortası oranı ise %11 gibi çok düşük bir seviyede kalmıştır.
References
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- Karvonen, A., Rintamaki, P., Jokela, J., & Valtonen, E.T. (2010). Increasing water temperature and disease risks in aquatic systems: Climate change increases the risk of some, but not all, diseases. International Journal for Parasitology, 40(13), 1483 1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.015
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- Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye. (2019, December 10). Regulation on Water Allocation. Issue 30974. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/D%C4%B0%C4%9EER%2002.01.2024/Su%20Tahsisleri%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20Y%C3%B6netmelik.pdf
- MoAF. (2016a). The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources (ClimaHydro) Project. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Water Management. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/H%C4%B0E-Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Son/%C4%B0klim%20De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Finin%20Su%20Kaynaklar%C4%B1na%20Etkisi%20SYGM.pdf
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Climate change awareness and potential risks in freshwater aquaculture sector in Türkiye: A survey-based evaluation
Abstract
Aquaculture sector is vulnerable to climate change, which has adverse impacts on water resources such as floods, droughts, sea level rise, water scarcity and water pollution. In this study, climate change awareness of freshwater aquaculture producers and associated potential risks are investigated for Türkiye. A survey was applied to 257 trout producing plants out of 1440 active plants in 25 river basins in 2020. The results implied that 79% of producers mentioned their awareness of the negative impacts of climate change, where water quantity and quality was reported as the highest impact that would threat fish health. In terms of extreme weather events, floods and drought were experienced by 40% and 35% of respondents, respectively. Temperature increase poses a threat for the plant owners and affects trout production. One-third of the producers had financial loss of €6500-30.000. There is water sharing problem for almost 40% of plants. Future concern on water allocation was higher than 70% and the rate of agricultural insurance was very low, i.e., 11%.
Ethical Statement
Ethical approval is not required for this study. This study was conducted in 2019. The journal requests an ethical approval document for studies conducted as of 2020.
Supporting Institution
Bulunmamaktadır.
Thanks
Yazarlar, makalenin ingilizceye çevirisini gerçekleştiren Buse Uçar Islam'a teşekkür ederler.
References
- Aktaş, Ö. (2014). Impacts of climate change on water resources in Turkey. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 13(4), 881-889. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.092
- Anh, N.L. (2014). Climate proofing aquaculture: A case study on pangasius farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (Print ISBN 978-94-6257-221-8) [Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University]. The Netherlands.
- Borgwardt, F., Unfer, G., Auer, S., Waldner, K., El-Matbouli, M., & Bechter, T. (2020). Direct and indirect climate change impacts on brown trout in Central Europe: How thermal regimes reinforce physiological stress and support the emergence of diseases. Frontier Environmental Science, 8, Article 59. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00059
- Dikel, S. (2009). Effects of the water temperature on fish production. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 16(B), 42-49. ISSN: 1307-3311.
- Demircan, M., Türkoğlu, N., & Çiçek, İ. (2017). Climate change: From model to sectoral applications (in Turkish with English abstract). In A. Ertek, İ. Çiçek, N. Türkoğlu, E. Yılmaz, & M. Süzer (Eds.), International Congress on the 75th Anniversary of Turkish Geographers Society, November 8-10, 2017 (pp. 572-585). Ankara, Türkiye: Proceedings Book.
- Dubey, S.K., Trivedi, R. K., Chand, B.K., Mandal, B., & Rout, S. K. (2017). Farmers’ perceptions of climate change, impacts on freshwater aquaculture, and adaptation strategies in climatic change hotspots: A case of the Indian Sundarban delta. Environmental Development, 21, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.12.002
- Engelhard, G.H., Howes, E.L., Pinnegar, J.K., & Le Quesne, W.J.F. (2022). Assessing the risk of climate change to aquaculture: A national-scale case study for the Sultanate of Oman. Climate Risk Management, 35, Article 100416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100416
- European Council. (2024, October 28). Management of the EU’s fish stocks. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-fish-stocks/
- FAO. (2010). Report of the joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on the risks and benefits of fish consumption (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 979). Wold Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/4/ba0136e/ba0136e00.pdf
- FAO. (2018). Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture: Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 627). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9aeb8ade-a623-4954-8adf-204daae3b5de/content
- FAO. (2020a). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action (The State of the World series). Rome, Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/170b89c1-7946-4f4d-914a-fc56e54769de/content
- FAO. (2020b). FAO Yearbook: Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f138370c-cd94-4bfb-8767-34b7e952c9d6/content
- Hoque, M.Z. (2021). Sustainability indicators for sustainably-farmed fish in Bangladesh. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.020
- IPCC, (2021). Sixth Assessment Report Working Group I: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf
- Kainge, P., Kirkman, S.P., Estevao, V., van der Lingen, C.D., Uanivi, U., Kathena, J.N., & van der Plas, A. (2020). Fisheries yields, climate change, and ecosystem-based management of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Environmental Development, 36, Article 100567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100567
- Karvonen, A., Rintamaki, P., Jokela, J., & Valtonen, E.T. (2010). Increasing water temperature and disease risks in aquatic systems: Climate change increases the risk of some, but not all, diseases. International Journal for Parasitology, 40(13), 1483 1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.015
- NASA. (2024, October 28). Climate change: How do we know? https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
- OECD. (2022). Aquaculture production [Data]. https://data.oecd.org/fish/aquaculture-production.htm#indicator-chart
- Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye. (2019, December 10). Regulation on Water Allocation. Issue 30974. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/D%C4%B0%C4%9EER%2002.01.2024/Su%20Tahsisleri%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20Y%C3%B6netmelik.pdf
- MoAF. (2016a). The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources (ClimaHydro) Project. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Water Management. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/H%C4%B0E-Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Son/%C4%B0klim%20De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Finin%20Su%20Kaynaklar%C4%B1na%20Etkisi%20SYGM.pdf
- MoAF. (2016b). Burdur River Basin Water Allocation Plan. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Water Management. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/burdur%20nhyp%20nihai%20rapor/BUN_NHYP%20Nihai%20Raporu.pdf
- MoAF. (2020). Production Report: Aquaculture. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Development (TEPGE). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/Yay%C4%B1n%20Ar%C5%9Fivi/2017-2022%20Yay%C4%B1n%20Ar%C5%9Fivi/Yay%C4%B1nno317.pdf
- MoAF. (2021). Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Veri%20ve%20D%C3%B6k%C3%BCmanlar%C4%B1/Su-Urunleri-%C4%B0statistikleri-temmuz-2021-1.pdf
- MoAF. (2022). Climate change and agriculture workshops declaration of results. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Reform. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TRGM/Belgeler/IKLIM%20DEGISIKLIGI%20VE%20TARIM%20DEGERLENDIRME%20RAPORU.pdf
- Sowman, M. (2020). Participatory and rapid vulnerability assessments to support adaptation planning in small-scale fishing communities of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Environmental Development, 36, Article 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100578
- Sugama, K., & Radiarta, N. (2012). Brief study on possible impact of climate change on aquaculture in Indonesia. In APEC Seminar on Sharing the Experiences of Mitigating the Impact of Extreme Climate on Aquaculture and Fisheries, 21-23 March 2012 (pp. 120-126). Chinese Taipei, Taiwan: Proceedings Book. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275833186
- Svobodová, Z., Lloyd, R., Máchová, J., & Vykusová, B. (1993). Water quality and fish health (EIFAC Technical Paper No. 54). Rome, Italy: FAO.
- Tatma, A. (2020). Basin-based investigation of impacts of climate change on inland aquaculture in Turkey [Master’s Thesis, Ankara University]. Türkiye.
- TURKSTAT. (2021a). Fishery Products, 2020. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252
- TURKSTAT. (2021b). Export Statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/menu.zul
- Westerling, A.L., Hidalgo, H.G., Cayan, D.R., & Swetnam, T.W. (2006). Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science, 313(5789), 940–943. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834
- Williams, J.E., Isaak, D.J., Imhof, J., Hendrickson, D.A., & McMillan, J.R. (2015). Cold-water fishes and climate change in North America. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09505-1
- World Bank. (2013). Fish to 2030: Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture (Agriculture and Environmental Services Discussion Paper No. 3). Washington D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/458631468152376668/Fish-to-2030-prospects-for-fisheries-and-aquaculture
- WWF. (2016). Fishing for Proteins: How Marine Fisheries Impact Global Food Security up to 2050. A Global Prognosis. Hamburg, Germany: WWF Germany; International WWF Centre for Marine Conservation. https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/fishing-for-proteins-how-marine-fisheries-impact-global-food-security-up-to-2050
- Zeitoun, M. (2011). The global web of national security. Global Policy, 2(3), 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00097.x
There are 35 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Environmental Management (Other) |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 8, 2025 |
| Submission Date | October 29, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | January 3, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 42 Issue: 1 |