Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 96 - 102

Erdi Tosun

Abstract

References

  • Yu, J., Feng, R., Wang, S., & Deng, B. (2024). The influence of particle oxidation catalyst (POC) mode on emissions reduction of a turbo-charging non-road diesel under wide operating conditions. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 47, 102357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102357
  • Sonachalam, M., Manieniyan, V., Senthilkumar, R., Ramis, M.K., Warimani, M., Kumar, R., Kedia, A., Yunus Khan, T.M., & Almakayeel, N. (2024). Experimental investigation of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using blends of waste cooking oil-ethanol biodiesel with MWCNT nanoparticles. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 61, 105094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105094
  • Tosun, E., & Özcanlı, M. (2021). Hydrogen enrichment effects on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with diesel-soybean biodiesel blends with nanoparticle addition. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 24(3), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.12.022
  • Çalık, A., Tosun, E., Akar, M.A., & Özcanlı, M. (2023). Combined effects of hydrogen and TiO2 nanoparticle additive on terebinth oil biodiesel operated diesel engine. Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET), 78(9), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023007
  • Scicluna, T., & Farrugia, M. (2024). Experimental investigation of an Adblue® injection system and implementation on a dual-fuel (diesel/lpg) engine. 21st Int. Conf. Mechatronics - Mechatronika, IEEE 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ME61309.2024.10789645
  • Yakaryılmaz A.C., & Özgür, T. (2024). NOx emission reduction through selective catalytic reduction using copper-based Y zeolite catalyst: experimental investigation and characterization. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 13(3), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1453469
  • Sümer, Ş.U.H., Keiyinci, S., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Keskin, Z. (2023). The effect of fusel oil as a reductant over the multi-metallic catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust at low-temperature conditions. Petroleum Science and Technology, 41(20), 1901-1917. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2022.2097262
  • Keskin, Z., Özgür, T., Özarslan, H., & Yakaryılmaz, A.C. (2021). Effects of hydrogen addition into liquefied petroleum gas reductant on the activity of Ag-Ti-Cu/Cordierite catalyst for selective catalytic reduction system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(10), 7634-7641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.200
  • Chen, Z., Liu, Q., Liu, H., & Wang, T. (2024). Recent advances in SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel vehicles—low-temperature NOx reduction technology and combination of SCR with remote OBD. Atmosphere, 15(3), 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080997
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). The effect of H2O on the use of ethanol as reductant in the SCR system. European Mechanical Science, 5(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.780324
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). Investigation of deactivation effect of Au addition to Ce/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction using real diesel engine exhaust samples at low temperature conditions. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 96(8), 2275-2282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6753
  • Ahmad, M.A.C.M., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Keskin, Z. (2024). Properties of ethyl alcohol-water mixtures as a reductant in a SCR system at low exhaust gas temperatures. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 46(1), 5584-5595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1733142
  • Özarslan, H. (2024). Preparation and NOx reduction performance of Ag-Ni-TiO2/Cordierite catalyst for HC-SCR system. Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 39(2), 339-347. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1514048
  • Kass, M.D., Thomas, J.F., Lewis, S.A., Storey, J.M., Domingo, N., Graves, R.L., Panov, A., & Park, P. (2003). Selective catalytic reduction of NOx emissions from a 5.9 liter diesel engine using ethanol as a reductant. SAE Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 112(4), 2584-2593. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3244
  • Gu, H., Chun, K.M., & Song, S. (2015). The effects of hydrogen on the efficiency of NOx reduction via hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) at low temperature using various reductants. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(30), 9602-9610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.070
  • Dong, H., Shuai, S., Zhang, W., Li, R., Wang, J., Shi, X., & He, H. (2007). An Ethanol SCR for NOx Purification: Performance Evaluation on Engine Bench and Demonstration on Bus. SAE Technical Paper, 2007-01-1240. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1240
  • Kruczyński, S.W., Orliński, P., & Ślęzak, M. (2022). The comparative analysis of catalytic properties of Group 11 elements in NOx reduction by hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability, 24(1), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.1.19
  • Keskin, A., Yaşar, A., Candemir, O.C., & Özarslan, H. (2020). Influence of transition metal based SCR catalyst on the NOx emissions of diesel engine at low exhaust gas temperatures. Fuel, 273, 117785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117785
  • Long, Y., Su, Y., Xue, Y., Wu, Z., & Weng, X. (2021). V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst for efficient synergistic control of NOx and chlorinated organics: insights into the arsenic effect. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(13), 9317-9325. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02636
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). Enhancing of low-temperature OHC-SCR activity of Ag/TiO2 with addition of MnO2 nanoparticles, and performance evaluation using diesel engine exhaust gases. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 21, 101205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101205
  • Li, F., Shen, B., Tian, L., Li, G., & He, C. (2016). Enhancement of SCR activity and mechanical stability on cordierite supported V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst by substrate acid pretreatment and addition of silica. Powder Technology, 297, 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.04.050
  • Dong, G., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2014). Preparation and performance of V-Wreparation and performance of V-W/x(Mn-Ce-Ti)/y(Cu-Ce-Ti)/cordierite catalyst by impregnation method in sequence for SCR reaction with urea. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 42(9), 1093-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5813(14)60044-X
  • Pang, L., Fan, C., Shao, L., Yi, J., Cai, X., Wang, J., Kang, M., & Li, T. (2014). Effect of V2O5/WO3-TiO2 catalyst preparation method on NOx removal from diesel exhaust. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 35(12), 2020-2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60218-7
  • Chen, M., Zhao, M., Tang, F., Ruan, L., Yang, H., & Li, N. (2017). Effect of Ce doping into V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3. Journal of Rare Earths, 35(12), 1206-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2017.06.004
  • Yu, B., Liu, X., Wu, S., Yang, H., Zhou, S., Yang, L., & Liu, F. (2024). Study on Novel SCR Catalysts for Denitration of High Concentrated Nitrogen Oxides and Their Reaction Mechanisms. Catalysts, 14(7), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070406
  • Reşitoğlu, İ.A., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Bulut, H. (2019). Selective catalytic reduction of NOx emissions by hydrocarbons over Ag–Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in diesel engine. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 6959-6966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02266-x

NOx conversion efficiency of an SCR system with V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst and C2H5OH reductant: An experimental study

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 96 - 102

Erdi Tosun

Abstract

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) have long been the dominant power source in the transportation sector due to their high power-to-weight ratio. However, their widespread use poses significant environmental challenges, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases. To mitigate these emissions, stringent regulations necessitate the development of advanced after-treatment systems. In this study, a SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system integrated with a diesel engine was investigated using V2O5-WO3/TiO2 as the catalyst and C2H5OH as the reductant. Engine tests were conducted under three different load conditions -no load (0 kW), 2 kW, and 4 kW- within an exhaust temperature range of 150-240 °C. NOx conversion efficiency (ηNOx) was evaluated with respect to engine load and temperature variations. Additionally, catalyst characterization was performed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results indicate that increasing engine load and exhaust gas temperature enhances ηNOx, likely due to the higher hydrocarbon (HC) content in the exhaust at increased load levels and improved catalytic activity at elevated temperatures. The highest ηNOx of 93.28% was achieved at 4 kW and 240°C.

Keywords

diesel engine emission nox selective catalytic reduction

References

  • Yu, J., Feng, R., Wang, S., & Deng, B. (2024). The influence of particle oxidation catalyst (POC) mode on emissions reduction of a turbo-charging non-road diesel under wide operating conditions. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 47, 102357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102357
  • Sonachalam, M., Manieniyan, V., Senthilkumar, R., Ramis, M.K., Warimani, M., Kumar, R., Kedia, A., Yunus Khan, T.M., & Almakayeel, N. (2024). Experimental investigation of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using blends of waste cooking oil-ethanol biodiesel with MWCNT nanoparticles. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 61, 105094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105094
  • Tosun, E., & Özcanlı, M. (2021). Hydrogen enrichment effects on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with diesel-soybean biodiesel blends with nanoparticle addition. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 24(3), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.12.022
  • Çalık, A., Tosun, E., Akar, M.A., & Özcanlı, M. (2023). Combined effects of hydrogen and TiO2 nanoparticle additive on terebinth oil biodiesel operated diesel engine. Science and Technology for Energy Transition (STET), 78(9), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023007
  • Scicluna, T., & Farrugia, M. (2024). Experimental investigation of an Adblue® injection system and implementation on a dual-fuel (diesel/lpg) engine. 21st Int. Conf. Mechatronics - Mechatronika, IEEE 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ME61309.2024.10789645
  • Yakaryılmaz A.C., & Özgür, T. (2024). NOx emission reduction through selective catalytic reduction using copper-based Y zeolite catalyst: experimental investigation and characterization. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 13(3), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1453469
  • Sümer, Ş.U.H., Keiyinci, S., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Keskin, Z. (2023). The effect of fusel oil as a reductant over the multi-metallic catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust at low-temperature conditions. Petroleum Science and Technology, 41(20), 1901-1917. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2022.2097262
  • Keskin, Z., Özgür, T., Özarslan, H., & Yakaryılmaz, A.C. (2021). Effects of hydrogen addition into liquefied petroleum gas reductant on the activity of Ag-Ti-Cu/Cordierite catalyst for selective catalytic reduction system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(10), 7634-7641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.200
  • Chen, Z., Liu, Q., Liu, H., & Wang, T. (2024). Recent advances in SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel vehicles—low-temperature NOx reduction technology and combination of SCR with remote OBD. Atmosphere, 15(3), 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080997
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). The effect of H2O on the use of ethanol as reductant in the SCR system. European Mechanical Science, 5(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.780324
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). Investigation of deactivation effect of Au addition to Ce/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction using real diesel engine exhaust samples at low temperature conditions. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 96(8), 2275-2282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6753
  • Ahmad, M.A.C.M., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Keskin, Z. (2024). Properties of ethyl alcohol-water mixtures as a reductant in a SCR system at low exhaust gas temperatures. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 46(1), 5584-5595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1733142
  • Özarslan, H. (2024). Preparation and NOx reduction performance of Ag-Ni-TiO2/Cordierite catalyst for HC-SCR system. Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 39(2), 339-347. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1514048
  • Kass, M.D., Thomas, J.F., Lewis, S.A., Storey, J.M., Domingo, N., Graves, R.L., Panov, A., & Park, P. (2003). Selective catalytic reduction of NOx emissions from a 5.9 liter diesel engine using ethanol as a reductant. SAE Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 112(4), 2584-2593. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3244
  • Gu, H., Chun, K.M., & Song, S. (2015). The effects of hydrogen on the efficiency of NOx reduction via hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) at low temperature using various reductants. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(30), 9602-9610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.070
  • Dong, H., Shuai, S., Zhang, W., Li, R., Wang, J., Shi, X., & He, H. (2007). An Ethanol SCR for NOx Purification: Performance Evaluation on Engine Bench and Demonstration on Bus. SAE Technical Paper, 2007-01-1240. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1240
  • Kruczyński, S.W., Orliński, P., & Ślęzak, M. (2022). The comparative analysis of catalytic properties of Group 11 elements in NOx reduction by hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability, 24(1), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.1.19
  • Keskin, A., Yaşar, A., Candemir, O.C., & Özarslan, H. (2020). Influence of transition metal based SCR catalyst on the NOx emissions of diesel engine at low exhaust gas temperatures. Fuel, 273, 117785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117785
  • Long, Y., Su, Y., Xue, Y., Wu, Z., & Weng, X. (2021). V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst for efficient synergistic control of NOx and chlorinated organics: insights into the arsenic effect. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(13), 9317-9325. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02636
  • Keskin, Z. (2021). Enhancing of low-temperature OHC-SCR activity of Ag/TiO2 with addition of MnO2 nanoparticles, and performance evaluation using diesel engine exhaust gases. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 21, 101205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101205
  • Li, F., Shen, B., Tian, L., Li, G., & He, C. (2016). Enhancement of SCR activity and mechanical stability on cordierite supported V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst by substrate acid pretreatment and addition of silica. Powder Technology, 297, 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.04.050
  • Dong, G., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2014). Preparation and performance of V-Wreparation and performance of V-W/x(Mn-Ce-Ti)/y(Cu-Ce-Ti)/cordierite catalyst by impregnation method in sequence for SCR reaction with urea. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 42(9), 1093-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5813(14)60044-X
  • Pang, L., Fan, C., Shao, L., Yi, J., Cai, X., Wang, J., Kang, M., & Li, T. (2014). Effect of V2O5/WO3-TiO2 catalyst preparation method on NOx removal from diesel exhaust. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 35(12), 2020-2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60218-7
  • Chen, M., Zhao, M., Tang, F., Ruan, L., Yang, H., & Li, N. (2017). Effect of Ce doping into V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3. Journal of Rare Earths, 35(12), 1206-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2017.06.004
  • Yu, B., Liu, X., Wu, S., Yang, H., Zhou, S., Yang, L., & Liu, F. (2024). Study on Novel SCR Catalysts for Denitration of High Concentrated Nitrogen Oxides and Their Reaction Mechanisms. Catalysts, 14(7), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070406
  • Reşitoğlu, İ.A., Keskin, A., Özarslan, H., & Bulut, H. (2019). Selective catalytic reduction of NOx emissions by hydrocarbons over Ag–Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in diesel engine. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 6959-6966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02266-x
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Internal Combustion Engines
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Erdi Tosun 0000-0001-5733-2047

Early Pub Date April 11, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date February 23, 2025
Acceptance Date April 7, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tosun, E. (2025). NOx conversion efficiency of an SCR system with V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst and C2H5OH reductant: An experimental study. European Mechanical Science, 9(2), 96-102.

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