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İNTERNET BECERİLERİ: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 189 - 209, 19.07.2025

Tuba Kopuz , Ayşe Aktaş , İlknur Reisoğlu , Yiğit Emrah Turgut , Alper Aslan

https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1620507

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Van Deursen vd. tarafından 2016 yılında geliştirilen İnternet Becerileri Ölçeğini Türk kültürüne uyarlamak ve ilgili ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini sınamaktır. Orijinal ölçek 35 madde ve beş faktörlü bir yapıya sahiptir. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını Türkiye örnekleminde incelemek amacıyla İnternet kullanıcısı olan 307 kişi ile açımlayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda orijinal ölçekte beş faktörden oluşan yapının dört faktör altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Tüm faktörlerin varyansın %68.4’ünü açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan dört faktörlü yapının Türk kültürüne uygunluğunu test etmek amacıyla 300 kişi ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda dört faktörlü yapının korunduğu görülmüştür. DFA sonucunda elde edilen uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir, iyi ve mükemmel uyum aralığında oldukları belirlenmiştir. Yapı geçerliliğini belirlemek için birleşim geçerliği ve ayrışım geçerliği analiz sonuçlarının da uygun aralıklarda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda 20 maddeden oluşan formun Türk kültürüne uygunluğu kanıtlanmış ve ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanmıştır.

Keywords

internet becerileri ölçek uygulama Türk kültürü

References

  • Abbate, J. (2000). Inventing the internet. MIT Press.
  • Abbate, J. (2017). What and where is the Internet? (Re) defining Internet histories. Internet Histories, 1(1-2), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2017.1305836
  • Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: Towards a conceptual understanding. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Bauer, A. T., & Ahooei, E. M. (2018). Rearticulating internet literacy. Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 2(1), 29-53. https://doi.org/10.22059/jcss.2018.245833.1012
  • Bawden, D. (2001). Information and digital literacies: a review of concepts. Journal of Documentation, 57(2), 218-259. http://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007083
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publication.
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publication.
  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 8-105. http://doi: 10.1037/h0046016
  • Castro, M. A. D., Baltar, V. T., Selem, S. S. A. D. C., Marchioni, D. M. L., & Fisberg, R. M. (2015). Empirically derived dietary patterns: interpretability and construct validity according to different factor rotation methods.
  • Cadernos de Saude Publica, 31, 298-310. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00070814
  • Comrey, A. L. (1988). Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 754–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.754
  • Cooper, C. (2019). Psychological testing: Theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Eğiten Book.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications. Pegem Academy.
  • Ersöz, B. (2020). New generation web paradigm: Web 4.0. Journal of Computer Science and Technologies, 1(2), 58-65.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
  • Farrell, A. M. (2010). Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009). Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 324-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.05.003
  • Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. SAGE Publications.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Global Kids Online. (2025a, April 28). Quantitative tools. http://globalkidsonline.net/tools/ survey/
  • Global Kids Online. (2025b, April 28). Research results. http://globalkidsonline.net/results/
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1974). Factor analysis. Toronto: W. B. Saunders.
  • Grošelj, D., van Deursen, A. J. M., Dolničar, V., Burnik, T., & Petrovčič, A. (2021). Measuring internet skills in a general population: A large-scale validation of the short Internet Skills Scale in Slovenia. The Information Society, 37(2), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1862377
  • Güneş, F. & Deveci, T. (2022). Adult education and lifelong learning. Pegem Academy.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Structural equation modeling with Amos. Seçkin. Haigh, T., Russell, A. L., & Dutton, W. H. (2015). Histories of the Internet: Introducing a special issue of information & culture. Information & Culture, 50(2), 143-159.
  • Hargittai, E., & Hsieh, Y. P. (2012). Succinct survey measures of web-use skills. Social Science Computer Review, 30(1), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393103971
  • Helsper, E. (2008). Digital inclusion: an analysis of social disadvantage and the information society. Department for Communities and Local Government.
  • Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2013). Distinct skill pathways to digital engagement. European Journal of Communication, 28(6), 696-713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113499
  • Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications.
  • Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 52–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
  • Johansson, S., Gulliksen, J., & Gustavsson, C. (2021). Disability digital divide: the use of the internet, smartphones, computers and tablets among people with disabilities in Sweden. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00714-x
  • Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. B. (2014). Educational research: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (Fifth edition). SAGE.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
  • Koeske, G. F. (1994). Some recommendations for improving measurement validation in social work research. Journal of Social Service Research, 18(3-4), 43-72.
  • Mota, F. P. B., & Cilento, I. (2020). Competence for internet use: Integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Computers and Education Open, 1, 100015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100015
  • Orçan, F. (2018). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Which one to use first? Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(4), 414-421. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.394323
  • Potosky, D. (2007). The Internet knowledge (iKnow) measure. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2760-2777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.003
  • Rouquette, A., & Falissard, B. (2011). Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 20(4), 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.352
  • Scheerder, A., Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second-and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1607-1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3th ed.). Routledge.
  • Soroya, S. H., Ahmad, A.S., Ahmad, S., & Soroya, M. S. (2021). Mapping internet literacy skills of digital natives: A developing country perspective. PLoS One 16(4), e0249495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249495
  • STATISTA, (2023a, 16 November). Internet users worldwide 2013-2028. https://www.statista.com /forecasts/1146844/internet-users-in-the-world
  • STATISTA, (2023b, 16 November). Digital Banks: market data & analysis. https://www.statista.com/study/137396/digital-banks-report/
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Streiner, D. L. (1994). Figuring out factors: The use and misuse of factor analysis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900303
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2020). Using multivariate statistics (M. Baloğlu, Trans.). Nobel Publishing.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). (2023, December 15). Survey on information and communication technology (ICT) usage in households and by individuals, 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2023-49407
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2009a). Using the Internet: Skill related problems in users’ online behavior. Interacting with Computers, 21(5-6), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.06.005
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2009b). Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services. Government Information Quarterly, 26(2), 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.11.002
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2010). Measuring internet skills. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 26(10), 891-916. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2010.496338
  • Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2011). Internet skills and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 13(6), 893-911. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810386774
  • Van Deursen, A. J., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1078834
  • Van Dijk, J. A., & Van Deursen, A. J. (2014). Digital skills: Unlocking the information society. Springer.
  • Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills for workers: A systematic literature review. Sage Open, 10(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176
  • We Are Social. (2023, November 16). Digital around the world in 2023. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/
  • Yasmine, D. I., Colombijn, F., Deursen, A. J. V., & van Ingen, E. (2025). Internet skills, digital engagement, and outcomes among urban youth in Jakarta, Indonesia: Incorporating a Global South context in measuring digital inequality. Information, Communication & Society, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2479778

INTERNET SKILLS: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 189 - 209, 19.07.2025

Tuba Kopuz , Ayşe Aktaş , İlknur Reisoğlu , Yiğit Emrah Turgut , Alper Aslan

https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1620507

Abstract

This study aims to adapt the Internet Skills Scale, originally developed by Van Deursen et al. in 2016 to the Turkish cultural context and to examine its psychometric properties. The original scale comprises 35 items across five factors. To explore the factor structure in the Turkish context, exploratory factor analysis was conducted with data from 307 internet users. The original 5-factor structure was reduced to four factors due to the analysis. It was determined that all factors explained 68.4% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 300 participants to test the suitability of the resulting 4-factor structure for Turkish culture. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the 4-factor structure, and the fit indices indicated acceptable, good, and excellent model fit. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses were also conducted to assess construct validity, and the results were found to be within acceptable ranges. Based on the findings, the 20-item version of the scale was confirmed to be valid and reliable for use within the Turkish context.

Keywords

internet skills scale applicability Turkish culture

References

  • Abbate, J. (2000). Inventing the internet. MIT Press.
  • Abbate, J. (2017). What and where is the Internet? (Re) defining Internet histories. Internet Histories, 1(1-2), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2017.1305836
  • Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: Towards a conceptual understanding. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Bauer, A. T., & Ahooei, E. M. (2018). Rearticulating internet literacy. Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 2(1), 29-53. https://doi.org/10.22059/jcss.2018.245833.1012
  • Bawden, D. (2001). Information and digital literacies: a review of concepts. Journal of Documentation, 57(2), 218-259. http://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007083
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publication.
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publication.
  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 8-105. http://doi: 10.1037/h0046016
  • Castro, M. A. D., Baltar, V. T., Selem, S. S. A. D. C., Marchioni, D. M. L., & Fisberg, R. M. (2015). Empirically derived dietary patterns: interpretability and construct validity according to different factor rotation methods.
  • Cadernos de Saude Publica, 31, 298-310. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00070814
  • Comrey, A. L. (1988). Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 754–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.754
  • Cooper, C. (2019). Psychological testing: Theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Eğiten Book.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications. Pegem Academy.
  • Ersöz, B. (2020). New generation web paradigm: Web 4.0. Journal of Computer Science and Technologies, 1(2), 58-65.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
  • Farrell, A. M. (2010). Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009). Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 324-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.05.003
  • Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. SAGE Publications.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Global Kids Online. (2025a, April 28). Quantitative tools. http://globalkidsonline.net/tools/ survey/
  • Global Kids Online. (2025b, April 28). Research results. http://globalkidsonline.net/results/
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1974). Factor analysis. Toronto: W. B. Saunders.
  • Grošelj, D., van Deursen, A. J. M., Dolničar, V., Burnik, T., & Petrovčič, A. (2021). Measuring internet skills in a general population: A large-scale validation of the short Internet Skills Scale in Slovenia. The Information Society, 37(2), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1862377
  • Güneş, F. & Deveci, T. (2022). Adult education and lifelong learning. Pegem Academy.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Structural equation modeling with Amos. Seçkin. Haigh, T., Russell, A. L., & Dutton, W. H. (2015). Histories of the Internet: Introducing a special issue of information & culture. Information & Culture, 50(2), 143-159.
  • Hargittai, E., & Hsieh, Y. P. (2012). Succinct survey measures of web-use skills. Social Science Computer Review, 30(1), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393103971
  • Helsper, E. (2008). Digital inclusion: an analysis of social disadvantage and the information society. Department for Communities and Local Government.
  • Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2013). Distinct skill pathways to digital engagement. European Journal of Communication, 28(6), 696-713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113499
  • Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications.
  • Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 52–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
  • Johansson, S., Gulliksen, J., & Gustavsson, C. (2021). Disability digital divide: the use of the internet, smartphones, computers and tablets among people with disabilities in Sweden. Universal Access in the Information Society, 20(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00714-x
  • Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. B. (2014). Educational research: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (Fifth edition). SAGE.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
  • Koeske, G. F. (1994). Some recommendations for improving measurement validation in social work research. Journal of Social Service Research, 18(3-4), 43-72.
  • Mota, F. P. B., & Cilento, I. (2020). Competence for internet use: Integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Computers and Education Open, 1, 100015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100015
  • Orçan, F. (2018). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Which one to use first? Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(4), 414-421. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.394323
  • Potosky, D. (2007). The Internet knowledge (iKnow) measure. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2760-2777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.003
  • Rouquette, A., & Falissard, B. (2011). Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 20(4), 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.352
  • Scheerder, A., Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second-and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1607-1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3th ed.). Routledge.
  • Soroya, S. H., Ahmad, A.S., Ahmad, S., & Soroya, M. S. (2021). Mapping internet literacy skills of digital natives: A developing country perspective. PLoS One 16(4), e0249495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249495
  • STATISTA, (2023a, 16 November). Internet users worldwide 2013-2028. https://www.statista.com /forecasts/1146844/internet-users-in-the-world
  • STATISTA, (2023b, 16 November). Digital Banks: market data & analysis. https://www.statista.com/study/137396/digital-banks-report/
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Streiner, D. L. (1994). Figuring out factors: The use and misuse of factor analysis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900303
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2020). Using multivariate statistics (M. Baloğlu, Trans.). Nobel Publishing.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). (2023, December 15). Survey on information and communication technology (ICT) usage in households and by individuals, 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2023-49407
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2009a). Using the Internet: Skill related problems in users’ online behavior. Interacting with Computers, 21(5-6), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.06.005
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2009b). Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services. Government Information Quarterly, 26(2), 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.11.002
  • Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2010). Measuring internet skills. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 26(10), 891-916. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2010.496338
  • Van Deursen, A., & Van Dijk, J. (2011). Internet skills and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 13(6), 893-911. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810386774
  • Van Deursen, A. J., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1078834
  • Van Dijk, J. A., & Van Deursen, A. J. (2014). Digital skills: Unlocking the information society. Springer.
  • Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills for workers: A systematic literature review. Sage Open, 10(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176
  • We Are Social. (2023, November 16). Digital around the world in 2023. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/
  • Yasmine, D. I., Colombijn, F., Deursen, A. J. V., & van Ingen, E. (2025). Internet skills, digital engagement, and outcomes among urban youth in Jakarta, Indonesia: Incorporating a Global South context in measuring digital inequality. Information, Communication & Society, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2479778
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Specialist Studies in Education (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuba Kopuz 0000-0001-6418-4580

Ayşe Aktaş 0000-0002-8838-9561

İlknur Reisoğlu 0000-0002-6485-254X

Yiğit Emrah Turgut 0000-0002-6306-4090

Alper Aslan 0000-0003-2970-6114

Publication Date July 19, 2025
Submission Date January 15, 2025
Acceptance Date May 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kopuz, T., Aktaş, A., Reisoğlu, İ., Turgut, Y. E., et al. (2025). INTERNET SKILLS: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram Ve Uygulama, 15(2), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.1620507
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