İNGİLİZCE DİLİNDE FİİL-İSİM TAMLAMASI ÖĞRETİMİNDE ARAÇLARIN KEŞFİ: DİJİTAL ARAÇ MI, KAĞIT TEMELLİ ARAÇLAR MI?
Abstract
Bu çalışma, üniversite düzeyinde İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin fiil-isim tamlamalarını öğrenme süreçlerinde özel olarak geliştirilen bir çevrimiçi tamlama asistanının etkililiğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, sözcüksel yaklaşıma dayalı olarak tasarlanmış ve yarı-deneysel bir desen çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar, İngilizce seviyeleri benzer olan 24 Türk üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmuş ve rastgele olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır: çevrimiçi araç kullanan grup ve kağıt temelli alıştırmalarla çalışan geleneksel grup. Her iki grup da aynı hedef fiil-isim tamlamalarını öğrenmiş; ancak farklı öğretim materyalleriyle desteklenmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde ön test ve son testler, paragraf yazma görevleri ve kalite değerlendirme kontrol listesi kullanılmıştır. Ön ve son testler, öğrencilerin fiil-isim tamlamalarına yönelik alıcı bilgi düzeylerini ölçerken; paragraf yazma görevleri, üretici bilgiyi değerlendirmeye yönelik tasarlanmıştır. Kalite değerlendirme listesi ise çevrimiçi aracın kullanım kolaylığı ve öğrenmeye katkısına ilişkin öğrenci görüşlerini toplamayı amaçlamıştır. Bulgular, her iki öğretim yöntemiyle de öğrencilerin hedef tamlamalar konusunda hem alıcı hem de üretici bilgi düzeylerinde gelişim sağladığını, ancak gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşın, hedef dışı yapılan tamlama hatalarının türleri öğretim yöntemine göre farklılık göstermiştir. Çevrimiçi grup daha çok kalıp temelli, sistematik hatalar yaparken; kağıt grubu daha çeşitli ancak bağlama bağlı hatalar üretmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, öğretim yöntemlerinin öğrenme süreci ve hata türleri üzerinde farklı etkiler yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, EFL bağlamında tamlama öğretimine yönelik pedagojik araçların etkisini değerlendiren daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Keywords
References
- Basal, A. (2017). Learning collocations: Effects of online tools on teaching English adjective-noun collocations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 342-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12562
- Bestgen, Y. & Granger, S. (2014). Quantifying the development of phraseological competence in L2 English writing: An automated approach. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26. 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.004
- Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education.
- Blanchard K., & Root C. (2017). Ready to Write 2 (5th ed.). Pearson.
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- Candarli, D. (2021). A longitudinal study of multi-word constructions in L2 academic writing: the effects of frequency and dispersion. Read Writ, 34, 1191–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10108-3
- Chan, T. Pei, & Liou, H. C. (2005). Effects of Web-based Concordancing Instruction on EFL Students’ Learning of Verb – Noun Collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 18(3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220500185769
- Chang, Y. C., Chang, J. S., Chen, H. J., & Liou, H. C. (2008). An automatic collocation writing assistant for Taiwanese EFL learners: A case of corpus-based NLP technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 21(3), 283–299.
- Chen, H. H. (2011). Developing and evaluating a web-based collocation retrieval tool for EFL students and teachers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(1), 59-76.
- Chen, H. J. H., Lai, S. L., Lee, K. Y., & Yang, C. T. Y. (2021). Developing and evaluating an academic collocations and phrases search engine for academic writers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(4), 641–668.
- Chen, W. (2019). Profiling collocations in EFL writing of Chinese tertiary learners. RELC Journal, 50(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217716507
- Creswell J. W. (2014). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications.
- Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., McNamara, D. S., & Jarvis, S. (2011). Predicting lexical proficiency in language learner texts using computational indices. Language Testing, 28(4), 561-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532210378031
- Daskalovska, N. (2015). Corpus-based versus traditional learning of collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(2), 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.803982
- Do, N. H. M., & Le, Q. T. (2023). Lexical collocation errors in essay writing: A study into Vietnamese EFL students and their perceptions. International Journal of Language Instruction, 2(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23221
- Durrant, P. & Schmitt, N. (2009). To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? International Review of Applied Linguistics, 47, 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2009.007
- Ebrahimi-Bazzaz, F., Arshad, A. S., Ismi, I., & Nooreen, N. (2014). Verb-noun collocation proficiency and academic years. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 3(1), 152-162.
- Ellis, N. C., & Ferreira-Junior, F. (2009). Construction learning as a function of frequency, frequency distribution, and function. Modern Language Journal, 93, 370-386.
- Fang, L., Ma, Q., & Yan, J. (2021). The effectiveness of corpus-based training on collocation use in L2 writing for Chinese senior secondary school students. Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 31(4), 365-387.
- Foroutan Far, F., & Taghizadeh, M. (2022). Comparing the effects of digital and non-digital gamification on EFL learners’ collocation knowledge, perceptions, and sense of flow. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 2083–2115.
- Garner, J. (2020). The cross-sectional development of verb-noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 60(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2019-0169
- Granger, S., & Bestgen, Y. (2014). The use of collocations by intermediate versus advanced non-native writers: A bigram-based study. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 52(3), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2014-0011
- Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Viberg, O. (2018). Mobile collaborative language learning: State of the art. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12580
- Laufer, B., & Waldman, T. (2011). Verb-noun collocations in second language writing: A corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61, 647-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00621.x
- Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the Lexical Approach: Putting Theory Into Practice. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
- Lewis, M. (2000). Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical approach. London: Language Teaching Publications. Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nesselhauf, N. (2003). The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some implications for teaching. Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.2.223
- Nesselhauf, N., & Tschichold, C. (2002).Collocations in CALL: An investigation of vocabulary-building software for EFL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15, 251–279. Shei, C. C., & Pain, H. (2010). An ESL Writer’s Collocational Aid. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 13(2), 167-182.
- Shen, W. W., Lin, J.M., Cheng, W. K., & Hong, Z. W. (2023). Developing and evaluating an online video-assisted collocation learning system for EFL students. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(8), 5292-5306.
- Vedder, I., & Benigno, V. (2016). Lexical richness and collocational competence in second-language writing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 54(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0015
- Ward, C. S., & Gramer, M. F. (2014). Q: Skills for Success 3 Reading and Writing (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Webb, S., & Kagimoto, E. (2009). The effects of vocabulary learning on collocation and meaning. TESOL Quarterly, 43(1), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00227.x
- Willis, D. (1990). The Lexical Syllabus: A New Approach To Language Learning. London: Collins ELT.
- Wray, A. (2008). Formulaic Language: Pushing the Boundaries. Oxford University Press.
- Wu, S., Fitzgerald, A., Yu, A., & Chen, Z. (2021). What are language learners looking for in a collocation consultation system? Identifying collocation look-up patterns with user query data. ReCALL, 33(3), 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344021000057 Wu, S., Franken, M., & Witten, I. H. (2010). Supporting collocation learning with a digital library. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 23, 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220903532971 Xia, D. Chen, Y., & Pae, H. K. (2022). Lexical and grammatical collocations in beginning and intermediate L2 argumentative essays: A bigram study. IRAL 61(4), 1-33.
EXPLORING TOOLS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERB-NOUN COLLOCATION INSTRUCTION: DIGITAL AID VERSUS PAPER EXERCISES
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of a specially designed online collocation assistant in comparison to traditional paper-based exercises for improving verb-noun collocation skills among Turkish university students learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Grounded in the lexical approach, which emphasizes the importance of learning word combinations in authentic contexts rather than isolated vocabulary items, a quasi-experimental research design was employed. The study included 24 participants who were randomly assigned to two equal groups: one using the online collocation tool and the other working with printed materials. To evaluate learners' collocational development, multiple data collection instruments were used, including pre-tests and post-tests measuring receptive knowledge of target verb-noun collocations, paragraph writing tasks to assess productive use, a quality review checklist to gather students’ feedback on the digital tool, and a background information questionnaire to collect demographic data. Both groups studied the same target collocations over the same period, albeit through different instructional formats. Statistical analysis of the test scores indicated no significant difference between the online and paper-based groups in either receptive or productive collocational knowledge. Similarly, no notable variation was found in the frequency of errors related to the target collocations. However, a closer examination of the paragraph writing tasks revealed that non-target collocation errors differed depending on the instructional method. The online group tended to produce more systematic, form-based errors, while the paper group exhibited more varied but contextually influenced mistakes. These findings suggest that while both instructional methods can lead to comparable outcomes in learning target collocations, the type and pattern of errors may vary based on how learners engage with the materials. The results highlight the importance of exploring how instructional design influences incidental learning and underscore the need for further studies on integrating digital tools into collocation instruction in EFL contexts.
Keywords
References
- Basal, A. (2017). Learning collocations: Effects of online tools on teaching English adjective-noun collocations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 342-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12562
- Bestgen, Y. & Granger, S. (2014). Quantifying the development of phraseological competence in L2 English writing: An automated approach. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26. 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.004
- Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education.
- Blanchard K., & Root C. (2017). Ready to Write 2 (5th ed.). Pearson.
- Boers, F., Lindstromberg, S., & Eyckmans, J. (2014). Some explanations for the slow acquisition of L2 collocations. VIAL-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11, 41–62.
- Candarli, D. (2021). A longitudinal study of multi-word constructions in L2 academic writing: the effects of frequency and dispersion. Read Writ, 34, 1191–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10108-3
- Chan, T. Pei, & Liou, H. C. (2005). Effects of Web-based Concordancing Instruction on EFL Students’ Learning of Verb – Noun Collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 18(3), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220500185769
- Chang, Y. C., Chang, J. S., Chen, H. J., & Liou, H. C. (2008). An automatic collocation writing assistant for Taiwanese EFL learners: A case of corpus-based NLP technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 21(3), 283–299.
- Chen, H. H. (2011). Developing and evaluating a web-based collocation retrieval tool for EFL students and teachers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(1), 59-76.
- Chen, H. J. H., Lai, S. L., Lee, K. Y., & Yang, C. T. Y. (2021). Developing and evaluating an academic collocations and phrases search engine for academic writers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(4), 641–668.
- Chen, W. (2019). Profiling collocations in EFL writing of Chinese tertiary learners. RELC Journal, 50(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217716507
- Creswell J. W. (2014). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications.
- Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., McNamara, D. S., & Jarvis, S. (2011). Predicting lexical proficiency in language learner texts using computational indices. Language Testing, 28(4), 561-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532210378031
- Daskalovska, N. (2015). Corpus-based versus traditional learning of collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(2), 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.803982
- Do, N. H. M., & Le, Q. T. (2023). Lexical collocation errors in essay writing: A study into Vietnamese EFL students and their perceptions. International Journal of Language Instruction, 2(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.23221
- Durrant, P. & Schmitt, N. (2009). To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? International Review of Applied Linguistics, 47, 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2009.007
- Ebrahimi-Bazzaz, F., Arshad, A. S., Ismi, I., & Nooreen, N. (2014). Verb-noun collocation proficiency and academic years. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 3(1), 152-162.
- Ellis, N. C., & Ferreira-Junior, F. (2009). Construction learning as a function of frequency, frequency distribution, and function. Modern Language Journal, 93, 370-386.
- Fang, L., Ma, Q., & Yan, J. (2021). The effectiveness of corpus-based training on collocation use in L2 writing for Chinese senior secondary school students. Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 31(4), 365-387.
- Foroutan Far, F., & Taghizadeh, M. (2022). Comparing the effects of digital and non-digital gamification on EFL learners’ collocation knowledge, perceptions, and sense of flow. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 2083–2115.
- Garner, J. (2020). The cross-sectional development of verb-noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 60(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2019-0169
- Granger, S., & Bestgen, Y. (2014). The use of collocations by intermediate versus advanced non-native writers: A bigram-based study. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 52(3), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2014-0011
- Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Viberg, O. (2018). Mobile collaborative language learning: State of the art. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12580
- Laufer, B., & Waldman, T. (2011). Verb-noun collocations in second language writing: A corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61, 647-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00621.x
- Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the Lexical Approach: Putting Theory Into Practice. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
- Lewis, M. (2000). Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical approach. London: Language Teaching Publications. Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nesselhauf, N. (2003). The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some implications for teaching. Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.2.223
- Nesselhauf, N., & Tschichold, C. (2002).Collocations in CALL: An investigation of vocabulary-building software for EFL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15, 251–279. Shei, C. C., & Pain, H. (2010). An ESL Writer’s Collocational Aid. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 13(2), 167-182.
- Shen, W. W., Lin, J.M., Cheng, W. K., & Hong, Z. W. (2023). Developing and evaluating an online video-assisted collocation learning system for EFL students. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(8), 5292-5306.
- Vedder, I., & Benigno, V. (2016). Lexical richness and collocational competence in second-language writing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 54(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0015
- Ward, C. S., & Gramer, M. F. (2014). Q: Skills for Success 3 Reading and Writing (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Webb, S., & Kagimoto, E. (2009). The effects of vocabulary learning on collocation and meaning. TESOL Quarterly, 43(1), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00227.x
- Willis, D. (1990). The Lexical Syllabus: A New Approach To Language Learning. London: Collins ELT.
- Wray, A. (2008). Formulaic Language: Pushing the Boundaries. Oxford University Press.
- Wu, S., Fitzgerald, A., Yu, A., & Chen, Z. (2021). What are language learners looking for in a collocation consultation system? Identifying collocation look-up patterns with user query data. ReCALL, 33(3), 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344021000057 Wu, S., Franken, M., & Witten, I. H. (2010). Supporting collocation learning with a digital library. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 23, 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220903532971 Xia, D. Chen, Y., & Pae, H. K. (2022). Lexical and grammatical collocations in beginning and intermediate L2 argumentative essays: A bigram study. IRAL 61(4), 1-33.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Instructional Design, Instructional Technologies |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 19, 2025 |
| Submission Date | April 25, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 28, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2 |
