Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

TRANSFORMATION OF THE MIGRATION POLICY IN THE EU: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 251 - 272, 02.06.2025

Ahmet Görgen

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1634096

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the transformation of the migration policy of the EU member states. Recent analyses reveal that the migration flows in the last decade from the Middle East has prompted the EU member states to reform their migration policy. Public debates surrounding this process based on criticizing the EU’s open border policies to accept refugees. In light of the increasing anti-refugee approaches in the social and political sphere of the EU, Covid-19 pandemic of 2020 has led the EU member states to close their borders and reevaluating relations with other countries. Through a qualitative research and analysis of primary sources, this paper aims to reveal this new security perspective that prioritizes public health and considers the impact of the refugees on the broader society. The research in the case of Germany reveals that during the pandemic the touristic visits were restricted and the applications for asylum seekers from outside of the EU were suspended. Additionally, the digitalization process of migration of EU member states’ affected to have a new selection process for the highly qualified migrants to be welcomed in the member states.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemic Transformation Migration Policy EU

References

  • Akşemsettinoğlu, G. (2020, May). The Effects of the EU Foreign Policy Instruments Upon Third Countries. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 12(22), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.606097
  • Alkopher, T. D., and Blanc, E. (2017, June). Schengen area shaken: The impact of immigration-related threat perceptions on the European security community. Journal of International Relations and Development, 20(3), 511-542. DOI: 10.1057/s41268-016-0005-9
  • Arakon, M. (2009, December). The Fight Against Terrorism and Security Strategies in the European Union After 9/11. Alternative Politics, 1(3), 390-415.
  • Arman, M. N. (2017, October). The Syrıan Refugee Crısıs And The European Unıon Condıtıonalıty. Doğu Anadolu Sosyal Bilimlerde Eğilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 10-20.
  • Barbulescu, R. (2015, April). Inside Fortress Europe The Europeanisation of immigrant integration and its impact on identity boundaries. Politique européenne, 47(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.047.0024
  • Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (2021). Informationen zu den Auswirkungen des Corona-Virus (COVID-19), die im Zusammenhang mit dem Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) stehen. Accessed date: 10 June 2024. https://www.bamf.de/DE/Startseite/_documents/corona-behoerde.html?nn=28265 6#doc674788bodyText10
  • Duarte, M. (2020, March). EU-Turkey Refugee Deal: Buck-Passing and Bargaining on Human Lives at Risk?. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 19(1), 276-293. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.705300
  • EASO (2021). EASO Asylum Report 2021. Erişim tarihi: 30 Eylül 2024. https://bit.ly/2VNQ4Aq
  • ECRE (2020). Germany: Temporary Suspension of Dublin Returns Due to COVID-19. ECRE Weekly Bulletin, 27 March 2020. Accessed date: 20 September 2024. https://mailchi.mp/ecre/ecre-weekly-bulletin-27032020?e=989a4aebdd#Anchor% 20F%20Germany
  • Eroukhmanoff, C. (2018). Securitization Theory: An Introduction. McGlinchey et al. (Ed.), International Relations Theory,(pp. 104 - 109). Bristol: E-International Relations Publishing.
  • Eur-lex (2006). Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code). Accessed date: 10 August 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R0562
  • European Commission Migration and Home Affairs (2024). Member States’ notifications of the temporary reintroduction of border control at internal borders pursuant to Article 25 and 28 et seq. of the Schengen Borders Code. Accessed date: 12 December 2024. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/11934a69-6a45-4842-af94 -18400fd274b7_en?filename=Full%20list%20of%20MS%20notifications_en_0.p df
  • European Council (2020). 35 years since the signing of the Schengen Agreement. Accessed date: 12 December 2024. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/library/library-blog/ posts/35-years-since-the-signing-of-the-schengen-agreement/
  • European Council (2024). Migration and asylum pact. Accessed date: 12 January 2025. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/eu-migration-as ylum-reform-pact/
  • European Parliament (2024). Reforming the Common European Asylum System. Accessed date: 17 December 2024. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20170627STO78418/reforming- the-common-european-asylum-system
  • Eversheds Sutherland (2021). Evolution of work – COVID-19 status “3G” rule in workplaces in Germany. Accessed date: 17 June 2024. https://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/en/global/insights/evolution-of-work-covi d-19-status-3g-rule-in-workplaces-in-germany
  • Frontex (2020). 2020 In Brief. Accessed date: 15 November 2024. https://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/General/In_Brief_2020/20.014 7_inbrief_2020_11th_web_fixed4.pdf
  • GÖRGEN, A. (2021, December). US-EU Relations in the Trump Era: Quest for Autonomy in Europe. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25 (4), 1373-1395.
  • IADA (2021). The implementation of the Dublin III Regulation in 2020. Accessed date: 10 October 2024. https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/AIDA_Dublin-Update-2 020.pdf
  • Lebon, L. (2024). Cities and migrants‘ rights in the era of digitalisation Implications of the digital regulations in the new Pact on Migration and Asylum. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, October. Accessed date: 5 January 2024. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/a-p-b/21463.pdf
  • Mentzelopoulou, M.M. and Spinelli, M. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 on asylum procedures in EU Member States. Accessed date: 8 July 2024. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733629/EPRS_BRI( 2022)733629_EN.pdf
  • Moravcsik, A. and Nicolaïdis, K. (1999, March). Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 37, 59-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00150
  • Mouzourakis, M. (2014). ‘We Need to Talk about Dublin’ Responsibility under the Dublin System as a blockage to asylum burden-sharing in the European Union. WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 105. Accessed date: 14 December 2024. https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/wp105-we-need-to-talk-about-dublin.pdf
  • Pacces, A. M. and Weimer, M. (2020). From Diversity to Coordination: A European Approach to COVID19. European Journal of Risk Regulation, Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020-10, Amsterdam Centre for European Law and Governance Research Paper No. 2020-01, Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics Working Paper No. 2020-02,pp. 1-16.
  • Şengöz, M. (2022, September). An Examination of the National Security Paradigms Within the International Relations Discipline As On And Post-Cold War. Mecmua, 14, 182-198. https://doi.org/10.32579/mecmua.1116126
  • Warlouzet, L. (2014, January). European Integration History: Beyond the Crisis. Politique européenne, 44(2), 98-122.
  • Wertheimer, J. (2020). Berliner Corona-ProtesteAuf dem Ballermann der „Freiheit“. Deutschlandfunk. Accessed date: 17 December 2024. https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/berliner-corona-proteste-auf-dem-ballermann-de r-freiheit-100.html
  • WHO (2020). Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Accessed date: 20 November 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-mee ting-of-the- international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regardi ng-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)

AB'DE GÖÇ POLİTİKASİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN ETKİSİ

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 251 - 272, 02.06.2025

Ahmet Görgen

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1634096

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Covid-19 salgınının AB üye ülkelerinin göç politikalarının dönüşümüne olan etkisiyle ilgili bir araştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Alan üzerine yapılan önceki çalışmalar, Ortadoğu'dan son on yılda yaşanan göçlerin, AB üye ülkelerini göç politikalarını yeniden şekillendirmeye yönelttiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda kamuoyu tartışmaları, AB'nin mültecileri kabul ederken uyguladığı açık kapı politikalarını eleştiri temelinde şekillenmektedir. AB'de toplumsal ve siyasal alanda artan mülteci karşıtı yaklaşımların olduğu bir dönemde, 2020 yılında ortaya çıkan Covid-19 salgını, AB üye ülkelerinin sınırlarını kapatmalarına ve diğer ülkelerle ilişkilerini yeniden yapılandırmalarına neden olmuştur. Nitel bir araştırma temelinde birincil kaynak analizleri yoluyla bu çalışma, toplum sağlığı ve mültecilerin daha geniş toplum üzerindeki etkisine odaklanan bu yeni güvenlik perspektifini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Almanya örneği üzerinde yapılan bu araştırma, pandemi döneminde ilk etapta turistik ziyaretlerin kısıtlanma süreçleri ve AB dışından gelen sığınmacıların başvurularının askıya alınması gibi düzenlemeleri incelemektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, AB üye devletlerinin pandemi ile birlikte göç süreçlerini dijitalleştirmelerinin üye devletlere göçmen kabulünde yüksek nitelikli göçmenleri belirleme için yeni bir sürece sahip olmayı sağladığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemi Dönüşüm Göç Politikası AB

References

  • Akşemsettinoğlu, G. (2020, May). The Effects of the EU Foreign Policy Instruments Upon Third Countries. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 12(22), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.606097
  • Alkopher, T. D., and Blanc, E. (2017, June). Schengen area shaken: The impact of immigration-related threat perceptions on the European security community. Journal of International Relations and Development, 20(3), 511-542. DOI: 10.1057/s41268-016-0005-9
  • Arakon, M. (2009, December). The Fight Against Terrorism and Security Strategies in the European Union After 9/11. Alternative Politics, 1(3), 390-415.
  • Arman, M. N. (2017, October). The Syrıan Refugee Crısıs And The European Unıon Condıtıonalıty. Doğu Anadolu Sosyal Bilimlerde Eğilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 10-20.
  • Barbulescu, R. (2015, April). Inside Fortress Europe The Europeanisation of immigrant integration and its impact on identity boundaries. Politique européenne, 47(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.047.0024
  • Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (2021). Informationen zu den Auswirkungen des Corona-Virus (COVID-19), die im Zusammenhang mit dem Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF) stehen. Accessed date: 10 June 2024. https://www.bamf.de/DE/Startseite/_documents/corona-behoerde.html?nn=28265 6#doc674788bodyText10
  • Duarte, M. (2020, March). EU-Turkey Refugee Deal: Buck-Passing and Bargaining on Human Lives at Risk?. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 19(1), 276-293. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.705300
  • EASO (2021). EASO Asylum Report 2021. Erişim tarihi: 30 Eylül 2024. https://bit.ly/2VNQ4Aq
  • ECRE (2020). Germany: Temporary Suspension of Dublin Returns Due to COVID-19. ECRE Weekly Bulletin, 27 March 2020. Accessed date: 20 September 2024. https://mailchi.mp/ecre/ecre-weekly-bulletin-27032020?e=989a4aebdd#Anchor% 20F%20Germany
  • Eroukhmanoff, C. (2018). Securitization Theory: An Introduction. McGlinchey et al. (Ed.), International Relations Theory,(pp. 104 - 109). Bristol: E-International Relations Publishing.
  • Eur-lex (2006). Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code). Accessed date: 10 August 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R0562
  • European Commission Migration and Home Affairs (2024). Member States’ notifications of the temporary reintroduction of border control at internal borders pursuant to Article 25 and 28 et seq. of the Schengen Borders Code. Accessed date: 12 December 2024. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/11934a69-6a45-4842-af94 -18400fd274b7_en?filename=Full%20list%20of%20MS%20notifications_en_0.p df
  • European Council (2020). 35 years since the signing of the Schengen Agreement. Accessed date: 12 December 2024. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/library/library-blog/ posts/35-years-since-the-signing-of-the-schengen-agreement/
  • European Council (2024). Migration and asylum pact. Accessed date: 12 January 2025. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/eu-migration-as ylum-reform-pact/
  • European Parliament (2024). Reforming the Common European Asylum System. Accessed date: 17 December 2024. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20170627STO78418/reforming- the-common-european-asylum-system
  • Eversheds Sutherland (2021). Evolution of work – COVID-19 status “3G” rule in workplaces in Germany. Accessed date: 17 June 2024. https://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/en/global/insights/evolution-of-work-covi d-19-status-3g-rule-in-workplaces-in-germany
  • Frontex (2020). 2020 In Brief. Accessed date: 15 November 2024. https://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/General/In_Brief_2020/20.014 7_inbrief_2020_11th_web_fixed4.pdf
  • GÖRGEN, A. (2021, December). US-EU Relations in the Trump Era: Quest for Autonomy in Europe. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25 (4), 1373-1395.
  • IADA (2021). The implementation of the Dublin III Regulation in 2020. Accessed date: 10 October 2024. https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/AIDA_Dublin-Update-2 020.pdf
  • Lebon, L. (2024). Cities and migrants‘ rights in the era of digitalisation Implications of the digital regulations in the new Pact on Migration and Asylum. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, October. Accessed date: 5 January 2024. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/a-p-b/21463.pdf
  • Mentzelopoulou, M.M. and Spinelli, M. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 on asylum procedures in EU Member States. Accessed date: 8 July 2024. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733629/EPRS_BRI( 2022)733629_EN.pdf
  • Moravcsik, A. and Nicolaïdis, K. (1999, March). Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 37, 59-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00150
  • Mouzourakis, M. (2014). ‘We Need to Talk about Dublin’ Responsibility under the Dublin System as a blockage to asylum burden-sharing in the European Union. WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 105. Accessed date: 14 December 2024. https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/wp105-we-need-to-talk-about-dublin.pdf
  • Pacces, A. M. and Weimer, M. (2020). From Diversity to Coordination: A European Approach to COVID19. European Journal of Risk Regulation, Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020-10, Amsterdam Centre for European Law and Governance Research Paper No. 2020-01, Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics Working Paper No. 2020-02,pp. 1-16.
  • Şengöz, M. (2022, September). An Examination of the National Security Paradigms Within the International Relations Discipline As On And Post-Cold War. Mecmua, 14, 182-198. https://doi.org/10.32579/mecmua.1116126
  • Warlouzet, L. (2014, January). European Integration History: Beyond the Crisis. Politique européenne, 44(2), 98-122.
  • Wertheimer, J. (2020). Berliner Corona-ProtesteAuf dem Ballermann der „Freiheit“. Deutschlandfunk. Accessed date: 17 December 2024. https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/berliner-corona-proteste-auf-dem-ballermann-de r-freiheit-100.html
  • WHO (2020). Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Accessed date: 20 November 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-mee ting-of-the- international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regardi ng-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Görgen 0000-0001-9647-2691

Publication Date June 2, 2025
Submission Date February 5, 2025
Acceptance Date May 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Görgen, A. (2025). TRANSFORMATION OF THE MIGRATION POLICY IN THE EU: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 251-272. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1634096
 Download Cover Image

2434714728147311473929833

This journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 29846