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Causality Analysis Between Human Capital, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth in BRICS-T Countries

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 450 - 470, 30.06.2025

Mücahit Ülger

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1661514

Abstract

Understanding the interactions between economic growth, human capital and renewable energy consumption is becoming increasingly important in achieving sustainable growth targets on a global scale. This study analyses the causality relationship between economic growth, human capital, and renewable energy consumption variables in BRICS-T countries. While human capital is considered one of the important determinants of economic growth, renewable energy consumption plays a critical role in sustainable economic growth. The study analyses the causality relationship between these variables and their direction using annual data for the period 1990-2019. The analyses conducted with the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test method aim to contribute to the shaping of growth strategies and sustainable development policies. The findings revealed that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption. Similarly, bidirectional causality is also observed between economic growth and human capital. Moreover, a reciprocal causality relationship was found between human capital and renewable energy consumption. These results shed light on the complex relationships between economic growth, human capital, and renewable energy consumption in BRICS-T countries and provide important findings for shaping relevant policies.

Keywords

Economic Growth Human Capital Renewable Energy Consumption Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality Test

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BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 450 - 470, 30.06.2025

Mücahit Ülger

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1661514

Abstract

Küresel ölçekte sürdürülebilir büyüme hedeflerine ulaşmada ekonomik büyüme, beşeri sermaye ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasındaki etkileşimlerin anlaşılması giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, BRICS-T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, beşeri sermaye ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi değişkenleri arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini incelemektedir. Beşeri sermaye, ekonomik büyümenin önemli belirleyicilerinden biri olarak değerlendirilirken, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için kritik bir role sahiptir. Çalışmada, 1990-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak bu değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi ve yönü analiz edilmiştir. Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen analizler, büyüme stratejileri ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikalarının şekillendirilmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, ekonomik büyüme ile yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Benzer şekilde, ekonomik büyüme ile beşeri sermaye arasında da çift yönlü nedensellik gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, beşeri sermaye ile yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, BRICS-T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, beşeri sermaye ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasındaki karmaşık ilişkilere ışık tutmakta ve ilgili politikaların şekillendirilmesi için önemli bulgular sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Ekonomik Büyüme Beşeri Sermaye Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Nedensellik Testi

References

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  • Alper, F. Ö. (2018). Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242.
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  • Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2015). The next generation of the Penn World Table. American economic review, 105(10), 3150-3182.
  • Gyimah, J., Yao, X., Tachega, M. A., Hayford, I. S., & Opoku-Mensah, E. (2022). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Ghana. Energy, 248, 123559.
  • Iorember, P. T., Jelilov, G., Usman, O., Işık, A., & Celik, B. (2021). The influence of renewable energy use, human capital, and trade on environmental quality in South Africa: multiple structural breaks cointegration approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 13162-13174.
  • Kasap, A. (2025). The Effects of Digitalization on Economic Growth: A Comparative Panel Data Analysis of EU and BRICS-T Countries. Dynamics in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(1), 10-24.
  • Khan, I., Hou, F., Zakari, A., & Tawiah, V. K. (2021). The dynamic links among energy transitions, energy consumption, and sustainable economic growth: A novel framework for IEA countries. Energy, 222, 119935.
  • Lin, B., & Moubarak, M. (2014). Renewable energy consumption–economic growth nexus for China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 111-117.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of monetary economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Mahmood, N., Wang, Z., & Hassan, S. T. (2019). Renewable energy, economic growth, human capital, and CO 2 emission: an empirical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 20619-20630.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 107(2), 407-437.
  • Nathaniel, S. P. (2021). Environmental degradation in ASEAN: assessing the criticality of natural resources abundance, economic growth and human capital. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(17), 21766-21778.
  • Nathaniel, S. P., Nwulu, N., & Bekun, F. (2021). Natural resource, globalization, urbanization, human capital, and environmental degradation in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 6207-6221.
  • Nathaniel, S. P., Yalçiner, K., & Bekun, F. V. (2021). Assessing the environmental sustainability corridor: Linking natural resources, renewable energy, human capital, and ecological footprint in BRICS. Resources Policy, 70, 101924.
  • Osei-Gyebi, S., & Ajayi, P. (2025). Effect of renewable energy consumption and public debt on human capital in Nigeria. SN Business & Economics, 5(3), 26.
  • Osiobe, E. U. (2019). A literature review of human capital and economic growth. Business and Economic Research, 9(4), 179-196.
  • Öcal, O., & Aslan, A. (2013). Renewable Energy Consumption-Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Qamruzzaman, M., Jianguo, W., Jahan, S., & Yingjun, Z. (2021). Financial innovation, human capital development, and economic growth of selected South Asian countries: An application of ARDL approach. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(3), 4032-4053.
  • Radmehr, R., Shayanmehr, S., Ali, E. B., Ofori, E. K., Jasińska, E., & Jasiński, M. (2022). Exploring the nexus of renewable energy, ecological footprint, and economic growth through globalization and human capital in G7 economics. Sustainability, 14(19), 12227.
  • Rahim, S., Murshed, M., Umarbeyli, S., Kirikkaleli, D., Ahmad, M., Tufail, M., & Wahab, S. (2021). Do natural resources abundance and human capital development promote economic growth? A study on the resource curse hypothesis in Next Eleven countries. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 4, 100018.
  • Rahman, M. M., & Velayutham, E. (2020). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: new evidence from South Asia. Renewable Energy, 147, 399-408.
  • Raihan, A., Muhtasim, D. A., Farhana, S., Pavel, M. I., Faruk, O., Rahman, M., & Mahmood, A. (2022). Nexus between carbon emissions, economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, technological innovation, and forest area towards achieving environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. Energy and Climate Change, 3, 100080.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Growth
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mücahit Ülger 0000-0003-0300-099X

Early Pub Date June 28, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date March 19, 2025
Acceptance Date June 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ülger, M. (2025). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(1), 450-470. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1661514
AMA Ülger M. BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi. JSSR. June 2025;20(1):450-470. doi:10.48145/gopsbad.1661514
Chicago Ülger, Mücahit. “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 20, no. 1 (June 2025): 450-70. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1661514.
EndNote Ülger M (June 1, 2025) BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 20 1 450–470.
IEEE M. Ülger, “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi”, JSSR, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 450–470, 2025, doi: 10.48145/gopsbad.1661514.
ISNAD Ülger, Mücahit. “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/1 (June 2025), 450-470. https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.1661514.
JAMA Ülger M. BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi. JSSR. 2025;20:450–470.
MLA Ülger, Mücahit. “BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 1, 2025, pp. 450-7, doi:10.48145/gopsbad.1661514.
Vancouver Ülger M. BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Beşeri Sermaye, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik Analizi. JSSR. 2025;20(1):450-7.
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