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Yönlü Aşırı Akım Koruma Rölelerinin Üstel Tabanlı Standart Olmayan Karakteristik ve Fındıkkıran Kuşu Optimize Edicisi Kullanılarak Optimal Koordinasyonu

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 417 - 430, 30.06.2025

Alişan Ayvaz

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1612191

Abstract

Yönlü aşırı akım koruma röleleri (YAAKR), alt iletim ve dağıtım sistemlerinin korunmasında
basit ve ekonomik oluşları dolayısıyla önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Seçici ve hızlı bir koruma
için bu rölelerin doğru bir şekilde koordine edilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu noktada, Yakar’larına
koordinasyonu bir optimizasyon problem olarak tasarlanmaktadır. Bu problemin temel amacı,
röle işlem sürelerinin koordinasyon kısıtlarında bir ihlale yol açmadan minimize edilmesidir.
Fakat güç sistemlerinin kompleks yapısı göz önüne alındığında bu yüksek seviyede kısıtlar
içerebilen ve lineer olmayan problemi çözmek zor bir hal alabilmektedir. Buna ek, yüksek sayıda
koordinasyon kısıtların varlığı altında standart röle karakteristikleri ile bu çözümde verim elde
etmek de zor olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışma röle işlem sürelerinin hesaplanmasında
üstel tabanlı standart olmayan bir röle karakteristik fonksiyonunun ve problemin çözümünde son
zamanlarda geliştirilen bir metasezgisel optimizasyon algoritması olan fındıkkıran kuşu optimize
edicisinin kullanımını önermektedir. Önerilen yöntemin performansı, bu alanda sıklıkla
kullanılan IEEE 9-bara ve IEEE 15-bara güç sistemleri üzerinde test edilmiştir. Önerilen
yöntemle elde edilen sonuçlar, literatürdeki sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmış ve önerilen yöntemin
etkililiği doğrulanmıştır. Özellikle, sonuçlar, önerilen çalışma kapsamında kullanılan üstel tabanlı
standart olmayan röle karakteristiğinin 15-bara güç sistemi için röle işlem sürelerinde standart
röle karakteristiği (normal t

Keywords

Optimal koordinasyon Yönlü aşırı akım koruma röleleri Standart olmayan karakteristik Fındıkkıran kuşu optimize edicisi

References

  • [1] Ayvaz A. A new and effective directional overcurrent relay coordination approach for IIDG-based distribution networks using different setting groups for peak and off-peak demand periods. Electric Power Systems Research. 2024; 237: 111017.
  • [2] Bouchekara HREH, Zellagui M, Abido MA. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a modified electromagnetic field optimization algorithm. Applied Soft Computing. 2017; 54: 267-283.
  • [3] Abdelhamid M, Houssein EH, Mahdy MA, Selim A, Kamel S. An improved seagull optimization algorithm for optimal coordination of distance and directional over-current relays. Expert Systems with Applications. 2022; 200: 116931.
  • [4] Sarwagya K, Nayak PK, Ranjan S. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in complex distribution networks using sine cosine algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research. 2020; 187: 106435.
  • [5] Kamel S, Korashy A, Youssef AR, Jurado F. Development and application of an efficient optimizer for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Neural Computing and Applications. 2020; 32: 8561-8583.
  • [6] Alaee P, Amraee T. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in meshed active distribution network using imperialistic competition algorithm. Journal of modern power systems and clean energy. 2020; 9(2): 416-422.
  • [7] Korashy A, Kamel S, Houssein EH, Jurado F, Hashim FA. Development and application of evaporation rate water cycle algorithm for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 185: 115538.
  • [8] ElSayed SK, Elattar EE. Hybrid Harris hawks optimization with sequential quadratic programming for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays incorporating distributed generation. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2021; 60(2): 2421-2433.
  • [9] Ayvaz A. An enhanced sparrow search algorithm for model order reduction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 2025; In press: 01423312241273838.
  • [10] Sorrentino E, Rodríguez JV. Effects of the curve type of overcurrent functions and the location of analyzed faults on the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent protections. Computers & Electrical Engineering. 2020; 88: 106864.
  • [11] Ramli SP, Mokhlis H, Wong WR, Muhammad MA, Mansor NN. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relay based on combination of Firefly Algorithm and Linear Programming. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2022; 13(6); 101777.
  • [12] Ahmadi SA, Karami H, Sanjari MJ, Tarimoradi H, Gharehpetian GB. Application of hyper-spherical search algorithm for optimal coordination of overcurrent relays considering different relay characteristics. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2016; 83: 443-449.
  • [13] Alasali F, Saidi AS, El-Naily N, Smadi MA, Holderbaum W. Hybrid tripping characteristic-based protection coordination scheme for photovoltaic power systems. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2): 1540.
  • [14] Hong L, Rizwan M, Rasool S, Gu Y. Optimal relay coordination with hybrid time–current–voltage characteristics for an active distribution network using alpha Harris hawks optimization. Engineering Proceedings. 2021; 12(1): 26.
  • [15] Yazdaninejadi A, Nazarpour D, Talavat V. Coordination of mixed distance and directional overcurrent relays: Miscoordination elimination by utilizing dual characteristics for DOCRs. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2019; 29(3): e2762.
  • [16] Korashy A, Kamel S, Alquthami T, Jurado F. Optimal coordination of standard and non-standard direction overcurrent relays using an improved moth-flame optimization. IEEE Access. 2020; 8: 87378-87392.
  • [17] Abdel-Basset M, Mohame R, Jameel M, Abouhawwash M. Nutcracker optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization and engineering design problems. Knowledge-Based Systems. 2023; 262: 110248.
  • [18] Duan Z, Yu H, Zhang Q, Tian L. Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic model based on nutcracker optimization algorithm. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(11): 6710.
  • [19] Wu D, Yan R, Jin H, Cai F. An adaptive nutcracker optimization approach for distribution of fresh agricultural products with dynamic demands. Agriculture. 2023; 13(7): 1430.
  • [20] Seyyedabbasi A, Kiani F. Sand Cat swarm optimization: A nature-inspired algorithm to solve global optimization problems. Engineering with computers. 2023; 39(4): 2627-2651.
  • [21] Braik MS. Chameleon Swarm Algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for solving engineering design problems. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 174: 114685.
  • [22] Ayvaz A. An improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm for extracting the optimal parameters of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research. 2022; 46(11): 15081-15098.
  • [23] Yu J, Kim CH, Rhee SB. Oppositional Jaya algorithm with distance-adaptive coefficient in solving directional over current relays coordination problem. IEEE Access. 2019; 7: 150729-150742.
  • [24] Amraee T. Coordination of directional overcurrent relays using seeker algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2012; 27(3): 1415-1422.

Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using an Exponential-Based Non-Standard Characteristic and the Nutcracker Optimizer

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 417 - 430, 30.06.2025

Alişan Ayvaz

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1612191

Abstract

Directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) play a crucial role in protecting sub-transmission and
distribution systems due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. For selective and rapid
protection, proper coordination of these relays is essential. At this point, the coordination of
DOCRs is formulated as an optimization problem. The primary objective of this problem is to
minimize relay operating times without violating coordination constraints. However, considering
the complex nature of power systems, solving this nonlinear problem with high-level constraints
becomes challenging. Furthermore, achieving efficiency in such solutions using standard relay
characteristics is also difficult under the presence of numerous coordination constraints. In this
context, this study proposes the use of an exponential-based non-standard relay characteristic
function for calculating relay operating times and employs the nutcracker optimizer, a recently
developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm, for solving the problem. The performance of the
proposed method is tested on the IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 15-bus test systems, which are widely
used in this field. The results obtained with the proposed method are compared with those in the
literature and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Especially, the results
demonstrate that the exponential-based non-standard relay characteristic used in the proposed
method achieves approximately a 67% reduction in relay operating times compared to the
standard relay characteristic (normally inverse) for the IEEE 15-bus system.

Keywords

Optimal coordination Directional overcurrent relays Non-standard characteristic Nutcracker optimizer

References

  • [1] Ayvaz A. A new and effective directional overcurrent relay coordination approach for IIDG-based distribution networks using different setting groups for peak and off-peak demand periods. Electric Power Systems Research. 2024; 237: 111017.
  • [2] Bouchekara HREH, Zellagui M, Abido MA. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a modified electromagnetic field optimization algorithm. Applied Soft Computing. 2017; 54: 267-283.
  • [3] Abdelhamid M, Houssein EH, Mahdy MA, Selim A, Kamel S. An improved seagull optimization algorithm for optimal coordination of distance and directional over-current relays. Expert Systems with Applications. 2022; 200: 116931.
  • [4] Sarwagya K, Nayak PK, Ranjan S. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in complex distribution networks using sine cosine algorithm. Electric Power Systems Research. 2020; 187: 106435.
  • [5] Kamel S, Korashy A, Youssef AR, Jurado F. Development and application of an efficient optimizer for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Neural Computing and Applications. 2020; 32: 8561-8583.
  • [6] Alaee P, Amraee T. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in meshed active distribution network using imperialistic competition algorithm. Journal of modern power systems and clean energy. 2020; 9(2): 416-422.
  • [7] Korashy A, Kamel S, Houssein EH, Jurado F, Hashim FA. Development and application of evaporation rate water cycle algorithm for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 185: 115538.
  • [8] ElSayed SK, Elattar EE. Hybrid Harris hawks optimization with sequential quadratic programming for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays incorporating distributed generation. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2021; 60(2): 2421-2433.
  • [9] Ayvaz A. An enhanced sparrow search algorithm for model order reduction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 2025; In press: 01423312241273838.
  • [10] Sorrentino E, Rodríguez JV. Effects of the curve type of overcurrent functions and the location of analyzed faults on the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent protections. Computers & Electrical Engineering. 2020; 88: 106864.
  • [11] Ramli SP, Mokhlis H, Wong WR, Muhammad MA, Mansor NN. Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relay based on combination of Firefly Algorithm and Linear Programming. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2022; 13(6); 101777.
  • [12] Ahmadi SA, Karami H, Sanjari MJ, Tarimoradi H, Gharehpetian GB. Application of hyper-spherical search algorithm for optimal coordination of overcurrent relays considering different relay characteristics. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2016; 83: 443-449.
  • [13] Alasali F, Saidi AS, El-Naily N, Smadi MA, Holderbaum W. Hybrid tripping characteristic-based protection coordination scheme for photovoltaic power systems. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2): 1540.
  • [14] Hong L, Rizwan M, Rasool S, Gu Y. Optimal relay coordination with hybrid time–current–voltage characteristics for an active distribution network using alpha Harris hawks optimization. Engineering Proceedings. 2021; 12(1): 26.
  • [15] Yazdaninejadi A, Nazarpour D, Talavat V. Coordination of mixed distance and directional overcurrent relays: Miscoordination elimination by utilizing dual characteristics for DOCRs. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2019; 29(3): e2762.
  • [16] Korashy A, Kamel S, Alquthami T, Jurado F. Optimal coordination of standard and non-standard direction overcurrent relays using an improved moth-flame optimization. IEEE Access. 2020; 8: 87378-87392.
  • [17] Abdel-Basset M, Mohame R, Jameel M, Abouhawwash M. Nutcracker optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization and engineering design problems. Knowledge-Based Systems. 2023; 262: 110248.
  • [18] Duan Z, Yu H, Zhang Q, Tian L. Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic model based on nutcracker optimization algorithm. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(11): 6710.
  • [19] Wu D, Yan R, Jin H, Cai F. An adaptive nutcracker optimization approach for distribution of fresh agricultural products with dynamic demands. Agriculture. 2023; 13(7): 1430.
  • [20] Seyyedabbasi A, Kiani F. Sand Cat swarm optimization: A nature-inspired algorithm to solve global optimization problems. Engineering with computers. 2023; 39(4): 2627-2651.
  • [21] Braik MS. Chameleon Swarm Algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for solving engineering design problems. Expert Systems with Applications. 2021; 174: 114685.
  • [22] Ayvaz A. An improved chicken swarm optimization algorithm for extracting the optimal parameters of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research. 2022; 46(11): 15081-15098.
  • [23] Yu J, Kim CH, Rhee SB. Oppositional Jaya algorithm with distance-adaptive coefficient in solving directional over current relays coordination problem. IEEE Access. 2019; 7: 150729-150742.
  • [24] Amraee T. Coordination of directional overcurrent relays using seeker algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2012; 27(3): 1415-1422.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Alişan Ayvaz 0000-0001-6449-6541

Early Pub Date May 14, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 2, 2025
Acceptance Date March 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ayvaz, A. (2025). Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using an Exponential-Based Non-Standard Characteristic and the Nutcracker Optimizer. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım Ve Teknoloji, 13(2), 417-430. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1612191
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