Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 653 - 666, 31.05.2025
Abstract
Today, climate change profoundly impacts the tourism sector, permeating through every industry. Evaluating the impact of climate on destination competitiveness is crucial due to its role in shaping travel intentions and destination appeal. Methodological tools such as the Holiday Climate Index, Climate Destination Competitiveness Index, and risk analysis aid in assessing factors affecting the tourist experience. In line with this purpose, in the study, along with the calculation of the Holiday Climate Index and Climate Destination Competitiveness Index of Avanos, Ürgüp and Göreme, a risk analysis was carried out regarding the climate problems that occur/may occur in the region. Findings revealed Avanos as the most competitive destination for 11 months. All three destinations were deemed suitable for holiday on summer. Risk analysis identified climate-related challenges like temperature rise, drought, desertification, erosion, and flooding. It was also emphasized that the destinations should be controlled against flood risk and that infrastructure improvements should be made. As a result, it is necessary to strengthen environmental management strategies in order to increase the climatic competitiveness of the region and ensure the sustainability of the tourism sector.
References
- Amelung, B., Nicholls, S., & Viner, D. (2007). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506295937
- Amiranashvili, A. G., & Kartvelishi, L. G. (2021). Holiday climate index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, 24(1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2420212883
- Anadolu Agency. (2023). https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/kapadokyada-2023-turizmi-icin-yeni-rekor-beklentisi/2894754# Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Atiker, M. (1991). Kapadokya’da erozyon. Bilim ve Teknik, 40-43. https://services.tubitak.gov.tr/edergi/yazi.pdf;jsessionid=WaA4cUua3t4pGWb2Y6EAQDJ2?dergiKodu=4&cilt=24&sayi=287&sayfa=40&yaziid=6197 Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Aydın, S. & Sezerel, H. (2017). Seyahat motivasyonlarına ilişkin bir yazın incelemesi [A Literature Review on Travel Motivations]. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 7(2), 118-140.
- Bayer-Altın, T. (2017). Observed changes in annual and seasonal temperatures in Nevşehir (Central Anatolia, Turkey) for period 1960-2016. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(2), 4-12.
- Becken, S., & Hay, J. E. (2007). Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities (Vol. 1). Multilingual Matters.
- Burnaz, E., Ayyıldız, H. (2018). Destinasyon rekabetçiliği endeksi önerisi. [Proposal of Destination Competitiveness Index] International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, (21), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.397002
- De Freitas, C. R. (2001). Theory, concepts, and methods in tourism climate research. In Proceedings of the first international workshop on climate, tourism and recreation (pp. 3-20). Halkidiki, Greece: International society of biometeorology.
- Demiroğlu, O. C., Saygılı-Arıcı, F. S., Pacal, A., Hall, C. M., & Kurnaz, M. L. (2020). Future holiday climate index (HCI) performance of urban and beach destinations in the Mediterranean. Atmosphere, 11, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090911
- Dubois, G., & Ceron, J. P. (2006). Tourism and climate change: Proposals for a research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 399-415. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost539.0 ETS. (2024). https://www.etstur.com Retrieved on January, 28, 2023.
- Hejazizadeh, Z., Karbalaee, A., Hosseini, S. A., & Tabatabaei, S. A. (2019). Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran Coasts of Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
- Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett, J. M. (2016). Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(7), 742–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188893
- Kaján, E., & Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.774323
- Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The tourism climatic index: A Method of evaluating world climates for tourism. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 29(3), 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1985.tb00365.x
- Nevşehir Governorship (ND) Nevşehir coğrafi yapısı. http://www.nevsehir.gov.tr/kurumlar/nevsehir.gov.tr/ilimizrehber/2018yeni/cografi.pdf Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- NTV. (2020). Türkiye'nin en uzun nehri Kızılırmak'ta gondol turu ile keyifli dakikalar. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/seyahat/turkiyenin-en-uzun-nehri-kizilirmakta-gondol-turu-ile-keyifli-dakikalar,yaHwmj-3yEymmBlzCcDV7Q/Tk1yNYpSmUKw0IdzwKNWyw Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- NTV. (2023). Kuraklık Kızılırmak'ı da vurdu: Adacıklar ortaya çıktı. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/kuraklik-kizilirmaki-da-vurdu-adaciklar-ortaya-cikti,NkPJAzIvL0uBUy17UtGwkg/Enn9nCnutE2cw37qzORLZQ Retrieved on, December, 28, 2023.
- Öztürk, A., & Göral, R. (2018). Climatic suitability in destination marketing and holiday climate index. Global Journal of Emerging Trends in e-Business, Marketing and Consumer Psychology (GJETeMCP). An Online International Research Journal, 4(1), 619-629.
- Republic of Türkiye Bevşehir Governorship Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate (AFAD). (2021). İl afet risk azaltma planı (İRAP).
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Promotion. Cappadocia. https://tanitma.ktb.gov.tr/tr-22783/kapadokya.html Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Cappadocia Area Directorate. https://kapadokyaalan.ktb.gov.tr Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism. https://www.ktb.gov.tr Retrieved on November, 21, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, General Directorate of Meteorology. https://www.mgm.gov.tr Retrieved on November, 05, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Industry and Technology, Invest in Nevşehir. https://www.investinnevsehir.com/interaktif-basliklar/sektorler/turizm#:~:text=Bölgede%20yer%20alan%20acente%20bilgilerine,çok%20ziyaret%20edilen%204.%20müzesidir Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Rosselló-Nadal, J. (2014). How to evaluate the effects of climate change on tourism. Tourism Management, 42, 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.11.006
- Rutty, M., Scott, D., Matthews, L., Burrowes, R., Trotman, A., Mahon, R., & Charles, A. (2020). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI: Beach) and the tourism climate index (TCI) to explain Canadian tourism arrivals to the Caribbean. Atmosphere, 11(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040412
- Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2001). Using a ‘tourism climate index’ to examine the implications of climate change for climate as a tourism resource. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (ss. 69-88). Halkidiki, Greece: International Society of Biometeorology.
- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165
- Scott, D., Rutty, M., Amelung, B., & Tang, M. (2016). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in Europe. Atmosphere, 7(80), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7060080
- Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainability? London: Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770255
- Şamiloğlu, F., Serin-Karacaer, S. (2011). Kapadokya yöresinin turizm potansiyeli ve Türkiye ekonomisindeki yeri. 1. Uluslararası Nevşehir Tarih ve Kültür Sempozyumu Bildirileri (16-19 Kasım), Nevşehir (ss. 129-150).
- Türkeş, M., & Akgündüz, A. S. (2011). Assessment of the desertification vulnerability of the Cappadocian District (Central Anatolia, Turkey) based on aridity and climate-process system. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 1234-1268. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/1694 TÜRSAB (2008). Yeryüzü cenneti Kapadokya.
- http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/1601/kapadokya_1601_6192136.pdf Retrieved on December, 28, 2023. UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (2023). https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357/documents/ Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- United Nations, Climate Action (2023). https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- Yılmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., Mutluoglu, O., Kavurmaci, M. M., & Yurt, K. (2012). Monitoring of soil erosion in Cappadocia Region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey). Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1208-4
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 653 - 666, 31.05.2025
Abstract
Günümüzde yaşanan iklim değişikliği, her sektörü etkilediği gibi turizm sektörünü de mevcut iklim koşulları destinasyonların çekiciliğini etkilediği ve seyahat niyetinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu için iklim koşulları ve iklim koşullarının destinasyon rekabetçiliğine olan etkisinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Tatil iklim endeksi, destinasyon rekabetçiliği endeksi ve risk analizi gibi kavramlar, turist deneyimini etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek için kullanılan metodolojik araçlardır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, Avanos, Ürgüp ve Göreme’nin Tatil İklim Endeksi ve İklim Destinasyon Rekabetçiliği Endeksi’nin hesaplanması beraberinde, bölgede meydana gelen/gelebilecek iklim sorunlarıyla ilgili risk analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına bağlı olarak destinasyon rekabetçiliği endeksine göre Avanos’un 11 ayda birinci sırada olduğu saptanmıştır. Üç destinasyonun da yazın tatile uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Risk analizinde sıcaklık artışı, kuraklık, çölleşme, erozyon ve sel gibi iklimle ilgili sorunlar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, destinasyonların sel riskine karşı kontrol edilmesi ve altyapı iyileştirmelerinin yapılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bölgenin ikimsel rekabet gücünü artırmak ve turizm sektörönün sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için çevre yönetimi stratejilerinin güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
References
- Amelung, B., Nicholls, S., & Viner, D. (2007). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506295937
- Amiranashvili, A. G., & Kartvelishi, L. G. (2021). Holiday climate index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, 24(1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2420212883
- Anadolu Agency. (2023). https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/kapadokyada-2023-turizmi-icin-yeni-rekor-beklentisi/2894754# Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Atiker, M. (1991). Kapadokya’da erozyon. Bilim ve Teknik, 40-43. https://services.tubitak.gov.tr/edergi/yazi.pdf;jsessionid=WaA4cUua3t4pGWb2Y6EAQDJ2?dergiKodu=4&cilt=24&sayi=287&sayfa=40&yaziid=6197 Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Aydın, S. & Sezerel, H. (2017). Seyahat motivasyonlarına ilişkin bir yazın incelemesi [A Literature Review on Travel Motivations]. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 7(2), 118-140.
- Bayer-Altın, T. (2017). Observed changes in annual and seasonal temperatures in Nevşehir (Central Anatolia, Turkey) for period 1960-2016. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(2), 4-12.
- Becken, S., & Hay, J. E. (2007). Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities (Vol. 1). Multilingual Matters.
- Burnaz, E., Ayyıldız, H. (2018). Destinasyon rekabetçiliği endeksi önerisi. [Proposal of Destination Competitiveness Index] International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, (21), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.397002
- De Freitas, C. R. (2001). Theory, concepts, and methods in tourism climate research. In Proceedings of the first international workshop on climate, tourism and recreation (pp. 3-20). Halkidiki, Greece: International society of biometeorology.
- Demiroğlu, O. C., Saygılı-Arıcı, F. S., Pacal, A., Hall, C. M., & Kurnaz, M. L. (2020). Future holiday climate index (HCI) performance of urban and beach destinations in the Mediterranean. Atmosphere, 11, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090911
- Dubois, G., & Ceron, J. P. (2006). Tourism and climate change: Proposals for a research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 399-415. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost539.0 ETS. (2024). https://www.etstur.com Retrieved on January, 28, 2023.
- Hejazizadeh, Z., Karbalaee, A., Hosseini, S. A., & Tabatabaei, S. A. (2019). Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran Coasts of Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
- Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett, J. M. (2016). Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(7), 742–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1188893
- Kaján, E., & Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.774323
- Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The tourism climatic index: A Method of evaluating world climates for tourism. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 29(3), 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1985.tb00365.x
- Nevşehir Governorship (ND) Nevşehir coğrafi yapısı. http://www.nevsehir.gov.tr/kurumlar/nevsehir.gov.tr/ilimizrehber/2018yeni/cografi.pdf Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- NTV. (2020). Türkiye'nin en uzun nehri Kızılırmak'ta gondol turu ile keyifli dakikalar. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/seyahat/turkiyenin-en-uzun-nehri-kizilirmakta-gondol-turu-ile-keyifli-dakikalar,yaHwmj-3yEymmBlzCcDV7Q/Tk1yNYpSmUKw0IdzwKNWyw Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- NTV. (2023). Kuraklık Kızılırmak'ı da vurdu: Adacıklar ortaya çıktı. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/kuraklik-kizilirmaki-da-vurdu-adaciklar-ortaya-cikti,NkPJAzIvL0uBUy17UtGwkg/Enn9nCnutE2cw37qzORLZQ Retrieved on, December, 28, 2023.
- Öztürk, A., & Göral, R. (2018). Climatic suitability in destination marketing and holiday climate index. Global Journal of Emerging Trends in e-Business, Marketing and Consumer Psychology (GJETeMCP). An Online International Research Journal, 4(1), 619-629.
- Republic of Türkiye Bevşehir Governorship Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate (AFAD). (2021). İl afet risk azaltma planı (İRAP).
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Promotion. Cappadocia. https://tanitma.ktb.gov.tr/tr-22783/kapadokya.html Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Cappadocia Area Directorate. https://kapadokyaalan.ktb.gov.tr Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism. https://www.ktb.gov.tr Retrieved on November, 21, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, General Directorate of Meteorology. https://www.mgm.gov.tr Retrieved on November, 05, 2023.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Industry and Technology, Invest in Nevşehir. https://www.investinnevsehir.com/interaktif-basliklar/sektorler/turizm#:~:text=Bölgede%20yer%20alan%20acente%20bilgilerine,çok%20ziyaret%20edilen%204.%20müzesidir Retrieved on December, 09, 2023.
- Rosselló-Nadal, J. (2014). How to evaluate the effects of climate change on tourism. Tourism Management, 42, 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.11.006
- Rutty, M., Scott, D., Matthews, L., Burrowes, R., Trotman, A., Mahon, R., & Charles, A. (2020). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI: Beach) and the tourism climate index (TCI) to explain Canadian tourism arrivals to the Caribbean. Atmosphere, 11(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040412
- Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2001). Using a ‘tourism climate index’ to examine the implications of climate change for climate as a tourism resource. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (ss. 69-88). Halkidiki, Greece: International Society of Biometeorology.
- Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165
- Scott, D., Rutty, M., Amelung, B., & Tang, M. (2016). An inter-comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in Europe. Atmosphere, 7(80), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7060080
- Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainability? London: Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770255
- Şamiloğlu, F., Serin-Karacaer, S. (2011). Kapadokya yöresinin turizm potansiyeli ve Türkiye ekonomisindeki yeri. 1. Uluslararası Nevşehir Tarih ve Kültür Sempozyumu Bildirileri (16-19 Kasım), Nevşehir (ss. 129-150).
- Türkeş, M., & Akgündüz, A. S. (2011). Assessment of the desertification vulnerability of the Cappadocian District (Central Anatolia, Turkey) based on aridity and climate-process system. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 1234-1268. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/1694 TÜRSAB (2008). Yeryüzü cenneti Kapadokya.
- http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/1601/kapadokya_1601_6192136.pdf Retrieved on December, 28, 2023. UNESCO World Heritage Convention. (2023). https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357/documents/ Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- United Nations, Climate Action (2023). https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change Retrieved on December, 28, 2023.
- Yılmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., Mutluoglu, O., Kavurmaci, M. M., & Yurt, K. (2012). Monitoring of soil erosion in Cappadocia Region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey). Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1208-4
There are 36 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Geography |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 31, 2025 |
| Submission Date | November 1, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 14, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 |
