Research Article
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PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS BY PATIENTS RECEIVING TREATMENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS: THE CASE OF CORONARY INTENSIVE CARE

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 209 - 222, 28.06.2025

Gülcan Aydın , Ferdane Betül Bölükbaşı

https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the perceptions of patients in intensive care units regarding environmental stressors. The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 130 patients treated in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital between March 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected using a "Data Collection Form" developed by the researchers based on the literature and the "Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressors Scale." Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of participants' perceptions of environmental stressors. The mean score on the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressors Scale was 81.48 ± 19.07. "Longing for spouse" (3.00 ± 1.33) was the item perceived as the most significant stressor among patients. Age, gender, and education level were found to be significant predictors of patients’ stress perceptions (p <0.05). In addition to the healthcare services provided in intensive care units, the environmental stress perceived by patients can impact their clinical course and duration of intensive care treatment. In this context, examining environmental stressors in intensive care units and managing their psychological effects are essential for achieving better clinical and administrative outcomes in healthcare organizations.

Keywords

environmental stressor intensive care cardiovascular diseases

Ethical Statement

Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için bir üniversite hastanesinin Klinik Araştırma Etik Kurulu’ndan (No:20/3-2011-KAEK-2) izin alınmıştır.

References

  • Akın, Ş. & Arıboğan A. (2006). Yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi edilen hastalarda strese neden olan faktörlerin cinsiyetler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Anestezi Dergisi, 14(4), 232-236.
  • Amoss, M. (2013). Treating the trauma of intensive care. https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2013/summer/ptsd-intensive-care/ adresinden erişildi (Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2024).
  • Ballard, K. S. (1981). Identification of environmental stressors for patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 3(1-2), 89-108.
  • Bulbuloglu, S., Çınar, F., & Çürük, G. N. (2022). The effect of environmental stressors on patient experience in medical, surgical, and COVID-19 intensive care unit. Journal of Patient Experience, 9.
  • Cochran, J., & Ganong, L. H. (1989). A comparison of nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of intensive care unit stressors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14(12), 1038-1043.
  • Cornock, MA. (1998). Stres And the intensive care patients: perceptions of patients and nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(3), 518-527.
  • Çınar, S., Aslan, F., & Kurtoğlu, T. (2011). Yoğun bakım ünitesi çevresel stresörler ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 15(2), 61-66.
  • Dağcan Şahin, N., & Gürol Arslan, G. (2025). Factors Affecting the Intensive Care Experience of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. Creative Nursing, 10784535251314034.
  • Dessen, M. A., & Torres, C. V. (2019). Family and socialization factors in Brazil: An overview. Online readings in psychology and culture, 6(3), 2.
  • Dönmez, Y. C., Korkmaz, F. D., & Geçit, S. (2020). Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki çevresel stresörlerin hastalar tarafından algılanması. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci, 12(2), 190-7.
  • Duymaz, T., & Çulha, Y. (2025). Investigation of environmental stressors and individualized care perceptions of inpatients in the intensive care unit. Nursing in Critical Care, 30(2), e13299.
  • Egerton, N., & Kay, J. H. (1964). Psychological disturbances associated with open heart surgery. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 110(466), 433-439.
  • Fincham, J. E. (2008). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 72(2).
  • Garcez-Leme, L. E., & Avelino-Silva, T. J. (2023). Depression, delirium, and post-intensive care syndrome. International psychogeriatrics, 35(8), 399-401.
  • Gezginci, E., Goktas, S., & Orhan, B. N. (2022). The effects of environmental stressors in intensive care unit on anxiety and depression. Nursing in Critical Care, 27(1), 113-119.
  • Granberg, A., Engberg, I. B., & Lundberg, D. (1996). Intensive care syndrome: a literature review. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 12(3), 173-182.
  • Gruenberg, D. A., Shelton, W., Rose, S. L., Rutter, A. E., Socaris, S., & McGee, G. (2006). Factors influencing length of stay in the intensive care unit. American Journal of critical care, 15(5), 502-509.
  • Heidemann, A. M., Cândido, A. P. L., Kosour, C., Costa, A. R. D. O., & Dragosavac, D. (2011). The influence of noise levels on the perception of stress in heart disease patients. Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva, 23, 62-67.
  • Hweidi, I. M. (2007). Jordanian patients’ perception of stressors in critical care units: a questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 44(2), 227-235.
  • Hweidi, I. M., & Nizamli, F. M. (2015). Stressors in intensive care units in Syria: patients' perceptions. Journal of Research in Nursing, 20(2), 114-126.
  • Kang, J., & Cho, Y. S. (2020). Cross-cultural validation of the intensive care experience questionnaire in Korean critical care survivors. Asian Nursing Research, 14(2), 89-96.
  • Karaagac, A. A., & Ozkaptan, B. B. (2023). The effect of environmental stressors in intensive care unit on the comfort level of the patients. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 16(1), 312.
  • Karadeniz, F. T., & Kanan, N. (2019). The effects of environmental stressors on patients in reanimation intensive care unit. Intensive Care Nurs J, 23(1), 1-8.
  • Karaer, H., & Ozsaker, E. (2021). Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit and their level of satisfaction with nursing care. Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 34(4), e29-e37.
  • Kasaoka, S. (2017). Evolved role of the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU). J Intensive Care 22: 72.
  • Kavasoğlu, T., Vural, Ç., Turan, S., Acar, H. V., Kavasoğlu, K., & Erdemli, M. Ö. (2015). Delirium after open heart surgery. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 23(4).
  • Koç, M., Avcı, Ö. H., & Bayar, Ö. (2017). Kadın toplumsal cinsiyet rolü stresi ölçeği’nin (KTCRSÖ) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(41), 284-297.
  • Köksal İ., Çakar N., Arman D. (2005). Yoğun bakım infeksiyonları. Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Krampe, H., Denke, C., Gülden, J., Mauersberger, V. M., Ehlen, L., Schönthaler, E., ... & Spies, C. D. (2021). Perceived severity of stressors in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and semi-quantitative analysis of the literature on the perspectives of patients, health care providers and relatives. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 3928.
  • Kumar, R., Haokip, H. R., & Bairwa, M. (2022). Prevalence of delirium and predictors of longer intensive care unit stay: a prospective analysis of 207 mechanical ventilated patients. Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour, 27(1), 41-47.
  • Kutlu, R., Özberk Işıklar, D., Gök, H., Demırbas, N. (2016). Kardiyoloji yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon sıklığı ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi, 24(4), 672-679.
  • Locihová, H., Axmann, K., Padyšáková, H., & Pončíková, V. (2018). Perception of intensive care stressors by patients, nurses and family. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 9(1), 758-766.
  • Luengo Fernandez, R. (2023). Cardiovascular disease cost the European Union economy €282bn in 2021. https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/news/cardiovascular-disease-cost-the-european-union-economy-20ac282bn-in-2021 adresinden erişildi (Erişim Tarihi:12.11.2024).
  • Makhlouf, M. M. M., Bayoumi, S. M., & Mohamed, H. A. A. (2006). Environmental stressors affecting patients in the intensive care units in Alexandria Hospitals. Journal of High Institute of Public Health, 36(2), 571-588.
  • McGuire, B. E., Basten, C. J., Ryan, C. J., & Gallagher, J. (2000). Intensive care unit syndrome: a dangerous misnomer. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(7), 906-909.
  • McKinley, S., Coote, K., & Stein‐Parbury, J. (2003). Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients. Journal of advanced nursing, 41(1), 73-79.
  • Miranda-Ackerman, R. C., Lira-Trujillo, M., Gollaz-Cervantez, A. C., Cortés-Flores, A. O., Zuloaga-Fernández del Valle, C. J., García-González, L. A., ... & González-Ojeda, A. (2020). Associations between stressors and difficulty sleeping in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a cohort study. BMC health services research, 20, 1-10.
  • Mistraletti, G., Umbrello, M., Mariani, V., Carloni, E., Miori, S., Taverna, M., ... & Iapichino, G. (2018). Conscious sedation in critically ill patients is associated with stressors perception lower than assessed by caregivers. Minerva Anestesiologica, 84(10), 1150-1159.
  • Moitra, V. K., Guerra, C., Linde-Zwirble, W. T., & Wunsch, H. (2016). Relationship between ICU length of stay and long-term mortality for elderly ICU survivors. Critical care medicine, 44(4), 655-662.
  • Mollaoğlu, M. C., Karabulut, O., Boy, Y., Mollaoğlu, M., & Karadayı, K. (2022). Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care, 20(4).
  • Moser, D. K., & Dracup, K. (1996). Is anxiety early after myocardial infarction associated with subsequent ischemic and arrhythmic events? Psychosomatic medicine, 58(5), 395-401.
  • OECD. (2019). Society at a Glance 2019: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Özbal, E. (2020). Kritik Hastaların Algıladıkları Çevresel Stresörlerin Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Deneyimlerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Reidy, D. E., Kernsmith, P. D., Malone, C. A., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., & Smith-Darden, J. P. (2018). Feminine discrepancy stress and psychosocial maladjustment among adolescent girls. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 49, 176-186.
  • Sarıtepe, M., & Mermer, G. (2023). Gender role stress and affecting factors in female university students. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 5(9), 351-370.
  • Shamsizadeh, M., Fathi Jouzdani, A., & Rahimi-Bashar, F. (2022). Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia among Patients with Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study. Critical Care Research and Practice, (1), 4826933.
  • So, HM., & Chan, DMK. (2004). Perception of stressors by patients and nurses of critical care units in Hong Kong. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(1),77- 84.
  • Spielberger, C.D. (1979) Understanding stress and anxiety. Nelson, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Şahin, M., & Köçkar, Ç. (2018). Bir stresör olarak yoğun bakım. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(4), 207-214.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2024). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2022. Ankara
  • Taşdemir, N., & Özşaker, E. (2007). Yoğun bakım ünitesinde ziyaret uygulaması: ziyaretin hasta, hasta ailesi ve hemşire üzerine etkileri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(1),27-31.
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YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 209 - 222, 28.06.2025

Gülcan Aydın , Ferdane Betül Bölükbaşı

https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121

Abstract

Çalışma amacı, yoğun bakım ünitesi hastalarının çevresel stresörlere ilişkin algılarının belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipte olan araştırma örneklemini Mart 2019- Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinin koroner yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören 130 hasta oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri literatür doğrultusunda araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ‘Veri Toplama Formu’ ve ‘Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Çevresel Stresörler Ölçeği’ kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların çevresel stres algıları açıklayıcılarının belirlenmesi için çok değişkenli regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların, Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Çevresel Stresörler Ölçeği puan ortalaması 81,48 ±19,07’dir. “Eş özlemi (3,00 ± 1,33)” hastalarda en fazla stresör olarak algılanan faktördür. Hastaların stres algıları yaş, cinsiyet ve öğrenim durumu ile açıklanmaktadır (p<0,05). Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde sunulan sağlık hizmetlerinin yanı sıra, hastaların algıladıkları çevresel stresin hastaların klinik seyirleri ve yoğun bakım tedavi süreleri üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda yoğun bakım ünitelerindeki çevresel stresörlerin incelenmesi ve psikolojik etkilerinin yönetilmesi sağlık kurumlarında daha iyi klinik ve yönetsel sonuçların elde edilmesi için önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

çevresel stresör yoğun bakım kardiyovasküler hastalıklar

References

  • Akın, Ş. & Arıboğan A. (2006). Yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi edilen hastalarda strese neden olan faktörlerin cinsiyetler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Anestezi Dergisi, 14(4), 232-236.
  • Amoss, M. (2013). Treating the trauma of intensive care. https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2013/summer/ptsd-intensive-care/ adresinden erişildi (Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2024).
  • Ballard, K. S. (1981). Identification of environmental stressors for patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 3(1-2), 89-108.
  • Bulbuloglu, S., Çınar, F., & Çürük, G. N. (2022). The effect of environmental stressors on patient experience in medical, surgical, and COVID-19 intensive care unit. Journal of Patient Experience, 9.
  • Cochran, J., & Ganong, L. H. (1989). A comparison of nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of intensive care unit stressors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14(12), 1038-1043.
  • Cornock, MA. (1998). Stres And the intensive care patients: perceptions of patients and nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(3), 518-527.
  • Çınar, S., Aslan, F., & Kurtoğlu, T. (2011). Yoğun bakım ünitesi çevresel stresörler ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 15(2), 61-66.
  • Dağcan Şahin, N., & Gürol Arslan, G. (2025). Factors Affecting the Intensive Care Experience of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. Creative Nursing, 10784535251314034.
  • Dessen, M. A., & Torres, C. V. (2019). Family and socialization factors in Brazil: An overview. Online readings in psychology and culture, 6(3), 2.
  • Dönmez, Y. C., Korkmaz, F. D., & Geçit, S. (2020). Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki çevresel stresörlerin hastalar tarafından algılanması. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci, 12(2), 190-7.
  • Duymaz, T., & Çulha, Y. (2025). Investigation of environmental stressors and individualized care perceptions of inpatients in the intensive care unit. Nursing in Critical Care, 30(2), e13299.
  • Egerton, N., & Kay, J. H. (1964). Psychological disturbances associated with open heart surgery. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 110(466), 433-439.
  • Fincham, J. E. (2008). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 72(2).
  • Garcez-Leme, L. E., & Avelino-Silva, T. J. (2023). Depression, delirium, and post-intensive care syndrome. International psychogeriatrics, 35(8), 399-401.
  • Gezginci, E., Goktas, S., & Orhan, B. N. (2022). The effects of environmental stressors in intensive care unit on anxiety and depression. Nursing in Critical Care, 27(1), 113-119.
  • Granberg, A., Engberg, I. B., & Lundberg, D. (1996). Intensive care syndrome: a literature review. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 12(3), 173-182.
  • Gruenberg, D. A., Shelton, W., Rose, S. L., Rutter, A. E., Socaris, S., & McGee, G. (2006). Factors influencing length of stay in the intensive care unit. American Journal of critical care, 15(5), 502-509.
  • Heidemann, A. M., Cândido, A. P. L., Kosour, C., Costa, A. R. D. O., & Dragosavac, D. (2011). The influence of noise levels on the perception of stress in heart disease patients. Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva, 23, 62-67.
  • Hweidi, I. M. (2007). Jordanian patients’ perception of stressors in critical care units: a questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 44(2), 227-235.
  • Hweidi, I. M., & Nizamli, F. M. (2015). Stressors in intensive care units in Syria: patients' perceptions. Journal of Research in Nursing, 20(2), 114-126.
  • Kang, J., & Cho, Y. S. (2020). Cross-cultural validation of the intensive care experience questionnaire in Korean critical care survivors. Asian Nursing Research, 14(2), 89-96.
  • Karaagac, A. A., & Ozkaptan, B. B. (2023). The effect of environmental stressors in intensive care unit on the comfort level of the patients. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 16(1), 312.
  • Karadeniz, F. T., & Kanan, N. (2019). The effects of environmental stressors on patients in reanimation intensive care unit. Intensive Care Nurs J, 23(1), 1-8.
  • Karaer, H., & Ozsaker, E. (2021). Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit and their level of satisfaction with nursing care. Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 34(4), e29-e37.
  • Kasaoka, S. (2017). Evolved role of the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU). J Intensive Care 22: 72.
  • Kavasoğlu, T., Vural, Ç., Turan, S., Acar, H. V., Kavasoğlu, K., & Erdemli, M. Ö. (2015). Delirium after open heart surgery. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 23(4).
  • Koç, M., Avcı, Ö. H., & Bayar, Ö. (2017). Kadın toplumsal cinsiyet rolü stresi ölçeği’nin (KTCRSÖ) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(41), 284-297.
  • Köksal İ., Çakar N., Arman D. (2005). Yoğun bakım infeksiyonları. Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Krampe, H., Denke, C., Gülden, J., Mauersberger, V. M., Ehlen, L., Schönthaler, E., ... & Spies, C. D. (2021). Perceived severity of stressors in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and semi-quantitative analysis of the literature on the perspectives of patients, health care providers and relatives. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 3928.
  • Kumar, R., Haokip, H. R., & Bairwa, M. (2022). Prevalence of delirium and predictors of longer intensive care unit stay: a prospective analysis of 207 mechanical ventilated patients. Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour, 27(1), 41-47.
  • Kutlu, R., Özberk Işıklar, D., Gök, H., Demırbas, N. (2016). Kardiyoloji yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon sıklığı ve etki eden faktörler. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi, 24(4), 672-679.
  • Locihová, H., Axmann, K., Padyšáková, H., & Pončíková, V. (2018). Perception of intensive care stressors by patients, nurses and family. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 9(1), 758-766.
  • Luengo Fernandez, R. (2023). Cardiovascular disease cost the European Union economy €282bn in 2021. https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/news/cardiovascular-disease-cost-the-european-union-economy-20ac282bn-in-2021 adresinden erişildi (Erişim Tarihi:12.11.2024).
  • Makhlouf, M. M. M., Bayoumi, S. M., & Mohamed, H. A. A. (2006). Environmental stressors affecting patients in the intensive care units in Alexandria Hospitals. Journal of High Institute of Public Health, 36(2), 571-588.
  • McGuire, B. E., Basten, C. J., Ryan, C. J., & Gallagher, J. (2000). Intensive care unit syndrome: a dangerous misnomer. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(7), 906-909.
  • McKinley, S., Coote, K., & Stein‐Parbury, J. (2003). Development and testing of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill patients. Journal of advanced nursing, 41(1), 73-79.
  • Miranda-Ackerman, R. C., Lira-Trujillo, M., Gollaz-Cervantez, A. C., Cortés-Flores, A. O., Zuloaga-Fernández del Valle, C. J., García-González, L. A., ... & González-Ojeda, A. (2020). Associations between stressors and difficulty sleeping in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a cohort study. BMC health services research, 20, 1-10.
  • Mistraletti, G., Umbrello, M., Mariani, V., Carloni, E., Miori, S., Taverna, M., ... & Iapichino, G. (2018). Conscious sedation in critically ill patients is associated with stressors perception lower than assessed by caregivers. Minerva Anestesiologica, 84(10), 1150-1159.
  • Moitra, V. K., Guerra, C., Linde-Zwirble, W. T., & Wunsch, H. (2016). Relationship between ICU length of stay and long-term mortality for elderly ICU survivors. Critical care medicine, 44(4), 655-662.
  • Mollaoğlu, M. C., Karabulut, O., Boy, Y., Mollaoğlu, M., & Karadayı, K. (2022). Environmental stressors perceived by patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care, 20(4).
  • Moser, D. K., & Dracup, K. (1996). Is anxiety early after myocardial infarction associated with subsequent ischemic and arrhythmic events? Psychosomatic medicine, 58(5), 395-401.
  • OECD. (2019). Society at a Glance 2019: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Özbal, E. (2020). Kritik Hastaların Algıladıkları Çevresel Stresörlerin Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Deneyimlerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Reidy, D. E., Kernsmith, P. D., Malone, C. A., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., & Smith-Darden, J. P. (2018). Feminine discrepancy stress and psychosocial maladjustment among adolescent girls. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 49, 176-186.
  • Sarıtepe, M., & Mermer, G. (2023). Gender role stress and affecting factors in female university students. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 5(9), 351-370.
  • Shamsizadeh, M., Fathi Jouzdani, A., & Rahimi-Bashar, F. (2022). Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia among Patients with Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study. Critical Care Research and Practice, (1), 4826933.
  • So, HM., & Chan, DMK. (2004). Perception of stressors by patients and nurses of critical care units in Hong Kong. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(1),77- 84.
  • Spielberger, C.D. (1979) Understanding stress and anxiety. Nelson, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Şahin, M., & Köçkar, Ç. (2018). Bir stresör olarak yoğun bakım. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(4), 207-214.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2024). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2022. Ankara
  • Taşdemir, N., & Özşaker, E. (2007). Yoğun bakım ünitesinde ziyaret uygulaması: ziyaretin hasta, hasta ailesi ve hemşire üzerine etkileri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(1),27-31.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Gülcan Aydın 0000-0003-3140-7818

Ferdane Betül Bölükbaşı 0000-0003-3194-5528

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Submission Date November 13, 2024
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın, G., & Bölükbaşı, F. B. (2025). YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 28(2), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121
AMA Aydın G, Bölükbaşı FB. YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ. HSİD. June 2025;28(2):209-222. doi:10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121
Chicago Aydın, Gülcan, and Ferdane Betül Bölükbaşı. “YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 28, no. 2 (June 2025): 209-22. https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121.
EndNote Aydın G, Bölükbaşı FB (June 1, 2025) YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 28 2 209–222.
IEEE G. Aydın and F. B. Bölükbaşı, “YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ”, HSİD, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 209–222, 2025, doi: 10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121.
ISNAD Aydın, Gülcan - Bölükbaşı, Ferdane Betül. “YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 28/2 (June 2025), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121.
JAMA Aydın G, Bölükbaşı FB. YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ. HSİD. 2025;28:209–222.
MLA Aydın, Gülcan and Ferdane Betül Bölükbaşı. “YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 2, 2025, pp. 209-22, doi:10.61859/hacettepesid.1584121.
Vancouver Aydın G, Bölükbaşı FB. YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTELERİNDE TEDAVİ GÖREN HASTALARIN ÇEVRESEL STRESÖR ALGISI: KORONER YOĞUN BAKIM ÖRNEĞİ. HSİD. 2025;28(2):209-22.
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