Hitit Journal of Social Sciences

Abstract

Gad Franko of Milas, an intellectual of an advanced period who aimed to integrate Ottoman culture and Turkish culture in the context of its own values, is one of the strong characters of our cultural colourfulness. Franko, one of the witnesses of the transformation from the Empire to the National State, is one of the distinct figures of Turkish Legal History and Turkish Education History. Gad Franko of Milas, who lived between 1880-1954, wrote his work "Muallimlere" in 1326 (1910/1911), which embodies the understanding of education in the Second Constitutional Monarchy Period in general and the understanding of physical education in particular. Between 1908 and 1918, new steps were taken in education, as in many other fields. The Unionists implemented economic, social, and political policies with the significant objective of saving the state. These policies also included education and training policies. The focus on creating healthy and fit generations was evident in these policies, particularly in physical education. As a result, physical education became a topic of discussion within the context of education and training policies. Providing education in the Western style within the framework of the concern to strengthen and invigorate the body of gymnastics education in schools is widespread. This research aims to reveal the effect of the holistic educational approach in physical education on using Franco's work "Muallimlere" as a background. For this purpose, the sentences related to physical education in "Muallimlere" were analyzed in the context of analytic philosophy and meta-analyzed. A document analysis approach using qualitative research methods was used in the study. The first chapter on physical education was analyzed using a targeted sample from the 261-page work "Muallimlere." The study data were analyzed under three sub-headings through content analysis.Findings of the study "Holistic Education: On the Axis of Educational Thinking by Rabelais, Rousseau, Pestalozzi and Frobel" "Who is Gad Franko of Milas?" and "Physical Education in Gad Franko of Milas." The study revealed that Franko's focus on a philosophical dimension to education was crucial in raising healthy and moral individuals with a balanced mind and body. This approach has significantly influenced the history of thought from past to present. According to the research findings, Franco stated that man must be healthy and robust regardless of profession. First, the education and health of the body are necessary to educate the mind or morality. In addition to this, Franco says that teachers have a notable duty in their work. First, teachers teach to know the value of the bodies of the children of the homeland and the nation's future by saying that it is necessary; he also revealed that physical education is indispensable at the point of providing a complete education. On the other hand, Franko mentioned the importance of physical education and health knowledge in schools and wanted to remind his readers of the importance of informal education in the family. Franko emphasized the importance of gymnastics education in schools and added that gymnastics should be transformed into education through games for children who cannot stop playing. For the intellectuals of the Second Constitutional Monarchy period, the patriotic generations of the future should not only be educated mentally, morally, and physically by the conditions of the age. The need for more robust and fitter soldiers, as well as the increasing militaristic tendencies around the world, intensified the narratives of a healthy generation, starting from the mother and extending to the children. To acquire these new healthy generations, it was concluded that health information had to be disseminated, epidemics had to be curbed, and gymnastics had to be made a dense practice. The practices brought by the new opportunities created by the transformation of education-training policies and education-training tools with The Second Constitutional Monarchy Period are healthy in the minds of intellectuals and bureaucrats. He questioned how patriotic generations can be created and made permanent. Education was spoken about by many intellectuals who held pens, read, wrote, and drew. It is one of the core areas where comments are made. In these years, when education was subjected to an advanced evaluation around physical, moral, and physical motives, those who expressed their opinions said that one of the names who wrote works on education was Gad Franco of Milas.