Research Article
Year 2025,
Issue: 11, 145 - 182, 28.06.2025
Abstract
Since its emergence on the political scene in the Middle East in May 1948, Israel has changed the balances of power in the region and found its neighbors as enemies because its existence was imposed on them. At this point, it tried to re-establish the disturbed balance of power according to its own interests by unilateral actions. The best example to those kind of actions was the 1967 Six-Day War. During this war, it destroyed the air forces of the Arab states while they were on the ground with a suprise attack and advanced despite the declared ceasefire and occupied the Golan Heights. In 1973, the situation was changed, this time Israel was the one that faced a suprise attack.
Not forgetting this bitter experince, Israel began to deal with the issue of how to eliminate the SAM threat, which became an important problem at that time. A series of studies have been carried out to find a solution to this situation, and as a result of the studies, a plan has emerged. This plan is Operation Mole Cricket-19. In this study, Operation Mole Cricket-19, dated 1982, prepared to destroy Syrian SAM batteries, will be examined as a case study.
Project Number
-
References
- Bartov, Hanoch, Dado, Maariv, Tel-Aviv 1978
- Carter, John R., “Airpower And The Cult of The Offensive”, Airpower And The Cult of The Offensive, ed. John R. Carter ve Cadre Paper, Air University Press, Alabama 1998, s. 52-65
- CIA, “Military Lessons Learned by Israel and Syria From The War in Lebanon”, Interagency Intelligence Momorandum, 1984
- David E. Clary, The Bekaa Valley-A Case Study, Air Command And Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 1988
- Cohen, Eliezer, The Sky Is Not The Limit: The Story of The Israeli Air Force, Sifriyat Maariv, Tel-Aviv 1990
- Cohen, Eliezer, Israel’s Best Defense: The First Full Story of The Israeli Air Force, çev. Jonathan Cordis, Orion Books, New York 1993
- Cordesman, Anthony H. ve Abraham R. Wagner, The Lessons of Modern War: The Arab- Israeli Conflicts, 1973-1989, c. 1, Westview Press, Boulder CO 1990
- Dupuy, Trevor N. ve Martell, Paul, Flawed Victory: The Arab- Israeli Conflict And The 1982 War in Lebanon, Hero Books, Fairfax VA 1986
- Evron, Yair, War And Intervention in Lebanon: The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1987
- Futrell, Ideas ve Robert Frank, Concepts, Doctrine, Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force, 1961-1984, c. 2, Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 1989
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- Hersh, Seymour M., The Samson Option, Random House, New York 1991
- Herzog, Chaim, The Arab-Israeli Wars: War And Peace in The Middle East, Random House, New York 1982
- Lambeth, Benjamin S., Moscow’s Lessons from the 1982 Lebanon Air War, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 1984
- Kober, Avi, Israel And War of Attrition, Mideast Security And Policy Studies No. 62, Bar-Ilan University, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA), Ramat Gan 2005
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- Pollack, Kenneth M., Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991, University of Nebraska Press, Londra 2004
- Schiff, Ze’ev ve Ya’ari, Ehud, Israel’s Lebanon War, Touchstone, Old Tappan, New Jersey 1985
- Seale, Patrick, Asad: The Struggle For The Middle East, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1990
- Voronov, Vladimir, The Syrian Nemesis, çev. Arch Tait, The Henry Jackson Society, Russia Studies Centre/Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, Londra 2017
- Yaniv, Avner, Politics And Strategy in Israel, Poalim, Tel-Aviv 1994
- Zisser, Eyal, “The 1982 ‘Peace For Galilee’ War: Looking Back in Anger-Between an Option of a War And a War of No Option”, Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History (illustrated ed.), ed. Mordechai Bar-On, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg PA 2006, 193-210
- Hurley, Mathew M., The Bekaa Valley Air Battle”, Airpower Journal, Sayı 4 (1989), c. 4, s. 60-70
- Ivri, David, “Destruction of a Surface-to-Air Missile Array During The Galilee Peace War”, Maaracot, Sayı 413 (2007), 68-71
- Kirschenbaum, Joshua, “Operation Opera: An Ambiguous Success”, Journal of Strategic Security, Sayı 4 (2010), c. 3, s. 49-62
- Roberts, Cynthia A., “Soviet Arms Transfer Policy And the Decision to Upgrade Syian Air Defences”, Survival, Sayı 4 (1983), c. 25, s. 154-164
- Shlaim, Avi ve Tanter, Raymond, “Decision, Process, Choice, and Consequences: Israel’s Deep Penetration Bombing in Egypt, 1970”, World Politics, Sayı 4 (1978), c. 30, s. 483-516
- Tovy, Tal, “The Struggle For Air Superiority The Air War Over the Middle East (1967-1982) As a Case Study”, The Air Force Journal of European, Middle Eastern, & African Affairs, Sayı 1 (2020), c. 2, s. 77-97
- Yogev, Haim, Ronen A. Cohen ve Eyal Lewin, “Revolution in Military Affairs-The Operation Mole Cricket 19 As a Case Study For The Technological Race During The Cold War”, International Area Studies Review, Sayı 2 (2000), c. 25, s. 138-156
- Magnuson, Ed, “Israel Strikes at The P.L.O.”, Time, 21.06.1982
- Carlin, Maya, “Operation Opera: Israel Stopped Saddam Hussein From Getting Nuclear Weapons”, The National Interest, 2024, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/operation-opera-israel-stopped-saddam-hussein-getting-nuclear-weapons-208706 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2024)
- Grant, Rebecca, “The Bekaa Valley War”, Air And Space Forces Magazine, 2002, https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/0602bekaa/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2024)
Year 2025,
Issue: 11, 145 - 182, 28.06.2025
Abstract
İsrail, 1948 yılı Mayıs ayında Ortadoğu’da siyaset sahnesine çıkmasından itibaren, bölgedeki dengeleri bozmuş, varlığı komşusu olan Arap devletlerine dayatıldığı için onları kendine düşman olarak bulmuştur. Bu noktada bozulan güç dengesini fiili hareketlerle ve kuvvet kullanarak kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda yeniden tesis etmeye çalışmıştır. Ülkenin fırsatçı ve pragmatist tutumuna en güzel örnek 1967 Altı Gün Savaşı’dır. Bu savaş sırasında baskın bir saldırı ile Arap devletlerinin hava kuvvetlerini yerde iken imha etmiş ve ilan edilen ateşkese rağmen ilerleyerek Golan Tepelerini işgal etmiştir. 1973 yılında ise durum tersine dönmüş, İsrail bu sefer baskına uğrayan taraf olmuştur.
Bu durumu unutmayan İsrail bir daha benzeri bir durumu yaşamamak adına o dönemde önemli bir sorun haline gelen SAM tehdidinin nasıl bertaraf edileceği konusu ile meşgul olmaya başlamıştır. Bu duruma çözüm bulmak adına bir dizi çalışma yapılmıştır ve yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda ortaya bir plan çıkmıştır. Bu plan Operation Mole Cricket-19’dur. İşte bu çalışmada Suriye SAM bataryalarının yok edilmesi için hazırlanan 1982 tarihli Operation Mole Cricket-19 örnek olay olarak incelenecektir. Konu ile ilgili literatüre katkı yapmak amacı öngörülen bu çalışmada tarihselci bir yaklaşım ve didaktik bir üslup tercih edilmiştir. Bu amaçla konu ile ilgili literatür taranmış; birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar, resmi raporlar vb. incelenmiş ve çalışmanın ortaya çıkması sağlanmıştır.
Ethical Statement
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Supporting Institution
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Project Number
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Thanks
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References
- Bartov, Hanoch, Dado, Maariv, Tel-Aviv 1978
- Carter, John R., “Airpower And The Cult of The Offensive”, Airpower And The Cult of The Offensive, ed. John R. Carter ve Cadre Paper, Air University Press, Alabama 1998, s. 52-65
- CIA, “Military Lessons Learned by Israel and Syria From The War in Lebanon”, Interagency Intelligence Momorandum, 1984
- David E. Clary, The Bekaa Valley-A Case Study, Air Command And Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 1988
- Cohen, Eliezer, The Sky Is Not The Limit: The Story of The Israeli Air Force, Sifriyat Maariv, Tel-Aviv 1990
- Cohen, Eliezer, Israel’s Best Defense: The First Full Story of The Israeli Air Force, çev. Jonathan Cordis, Orion Books, New York 1993
- Cordesman, Anthony H. ve Abraham R. Wagner, The Lessons of Modern War: The Arab- Israeli Conflicts, 1973-1989, c. 1, Westview Press, Boulder CO 1990
- Dupuy, Trevor N. ve Martell, Paul, Flawed Victory: The Arab- Israeli Conflict And The 1982 War in Lebanon, Hero Books, Fairfax VA 1986
- Evron, Yair, War And Intervention in Lebanon: The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1987
- Futrell, Ideas ve Robert Frank, Concepts, Doctrine, Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force, 1961-1984, c. 2, Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, Alabama 1989
- Gabrıel, Richard A., Operation Peace for Galilee: The Israeli-PLO War in Lebanon, Hill and Wang, New York 1984 Gai, Carmit, Bar-Lev: A Biography, Am Oved, Tel-Aviv 1998
- Glassman, Jon D., Arms For The Arabs, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1981
- Greenhous, Brereton, “The Israeli Experience”, Case Studies in The Achievement of Air Superiority, ed. Benjamin F. Cooling, Center of Air Force History, Washington DC 1994
- Hersh, Seymour M., The Samson Option, Random House, New York 1991
- Herzog, Chaim, The Arab-Israeli Wars: War And Peace in The Middle East, Random House, New York 1982
- Lambeth, Benjamin S., Moscow’s Lessons from the 1982 Lebanon Air War, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 1984
- Kober, Avi, Israel And War of Attrition, Mideast Security And Policy Studies No. 62, Bar-Ilan University, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA), Ramat Gan 2005
- Mason, R. A. “Airpower As a National Instrument: The Arab-Israeli Wars”, The War in The Air 1914-1994, ed. Alan Stephens, Air University Press, Alabama 2001, s. 191-220
- Morrıs, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of The Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Alfred A. Knopf, New York 2001
- Nordeen, Lon, Fighters Over Israel: The Story of The Israeli Air Force From The War of Independence to The Bekaa Valley, Orion Books, New York 1990
- Pollack, Kenneth M., Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991, University of Nebraska Press, Londra 2004
- Schiff, Ze’ev ve Ya’ari, Ehud, Israel’s Lebanon War, Touchstone, Old Tappan, New Jersey 1985
- Seale, Patrick, Asad: The Struggle For The Middle East, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1990
- Voronov, Vladimir, The Syrian Nemesis, çev. Arch Tait, The Henry Jackson Society, Russia Studies Centre/Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, Londra 2017
- Yaniv, Avner, Politics And Strategy in Israel, Poalim, Tel-Aviv 1994
- Zisser, Eyal, “The 1982 ‘Peace For Galilee’ War: Looking Back in Anger-Between an Option of a War And a War of No Option”, Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History (illustrated ed.), ed. Mordechai Bar-On, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg PA 2006, 193-210
- Hurley, Mathew M., The Bekaa Valley Air Battle”, Airpower Journal, Sayı 4 (1989), c. 4, s. 60-70
- Ivri, David, “Destruction of a Surface-to-Air Missile Array During The Galilee Peace War”, Maaracot, Sayı 413 (2007), 68-71
- Kirschenbaum, Joshua, “Operation Opera: An Ambiguous Success”, Journal of Strategic Security, Sayı 4 (2010), c. 3, s. 49-62
- Roberts, Cynthia A., “Soviet Arms Transfer Policy And the Decision to Upgrade Syian Air Defences”, Survival, Sayı 4 (1983), c. 25, s. 154-164
- Shlaim, Avi ve Tanter, Raymond, “Decision, Process, Choice, and Consequences: Israel’s Deep Penetration Bombing in Egypt, 1970”, World Politics, Sayı 4 (1978), c. 30, s. 483-516
- Tovy, Tal, “The Struggle For Air Superiority The Air War Over the Middle East (1967-1982) As a Case Study”, The Air Force Journal of European, Middle Eastern, & African Affairs, Sayı 1 (2020), c. 2, s. 77-97
- Yogev, Haim, Ronen A. Cohen ve Eyal Lewin, “Revolution in Military Affairs-The Operation Mole Cricket 19 As a Case Study For The Technological Race During The Cold War”, International Area Studies Review, Sayı 2 (2000), c. 25, s. 138-156
- Magnuson, Ed, “Israel Strikes at The P.L.O.”, Time, 21.06.1982
- Carlin, Maya, “Operation Opera: Israel Stopped Saddam Hussein From Getting Nuclear Weapons”, The National Interest, 2024, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/operation-opera-israel-stopped-saddam-hussein-getting-nuclear-weapons-208706 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2024)
- Grant, Rebecca, “The Bekaa Valley War”, Air And Space Forces Magazine, 2002, https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/0602bekaa/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2024)
There are 36 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Contemporary Military History |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Early Pub Date | June 27, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 28, 2025 |
| Submission Date | October 18, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 6, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 11 |
