Abstract
Florence Nightingale ile çevrenin sağlık üzerindeki etkisi önem kazanmıştır. Toplum sağlığını korumak ve geliştirmek için bireysel önleme girişimlerinin tek başına yetersiz olduğu, sağlığın ön koşulunu oluşturan çevresel risklerin hastalık ve sakatlığa dönüşmemesi için hemşirelerin proaktif olması gerektiği bilinmektedir. Çevreye yönelik girişimler çok sektörlü, bireylerden politika geliştiricilere, yukarı bakış açısı ile ele alınmalıdır. Sağlıklı İnsanlar 2030’da sağlığın iyileştirilmesi ve sağlık eşitsizlikleri ile mücadelede yukarı akış faktörlerinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu faktörler, akışın yukarısında bulunan ve sağlık hizmeti sunumu ile ilgili olmayan sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri ile ilgilidir. Bu bakış açısına sahip Nüfus Sağlığı için Butterfield Yukarı Akış Modeli çevre ile ilişkili sağlık sorunlarında kullanılabilir. Halk sağlığı hemşireleri model ile sağlık açısından sorun oluşturabilecek çevresel riskleri analiz ederek çok sektörlü bir yaklaşımla, bireylerden politika geliştiricilere doğru yukarı yönde müdahalede bulunabilir. Bu derlemenin amacı, hemşirelik bilimine halk sağlığı hemşiresi Patricia G. Butterfield tarafından aktarılan modelin çevre ele anılarak açıklanmasıdır.
References
- Bekemeier, B. (2008). “Upstream” nursing practice and research. Applied Nursing Research, 2(1), 50-52.
- Butterfield, P.G. (1990). Thinking upstream: Nurturing a conceptual understanding of the societal context of health behavior. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(2), 1-8.
- Butterfield, P.G. (2002). Upstream reflections on environmental health: An abbreviated history and framework for action. Advances in Nursing Science, 25(1), 32-49.
- Butterfield, P.G. (2017). Thinking upstream: A 25-year retrospective and conceptual model aimed at reducing health inequities. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(1), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000161
- Campbell, L. A., & Anderko, L. (2020). Moving upstream from the individual to the community: Addressing social determinants of health. NASN School Nurse, 35(3), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X20902462
- Castrucci, B.C., & Auerbach, J. (2019). Meeting individual social needs falls short of addressing social determinants of health. Health Affairs. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20190115.234942
- Dillard-Wright, J., & Shields-Haas, V. (2021). Nursing with the people: Reimagining futures for nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 44(3), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000361
- Distelhorst, K.S., Graor, C. H., & Hansen, D. M. (2021). Upstream factors in population health: A concept analysis to advance nursing theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 44(3), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000362
- Dixon, J.K., & Dixon, J. P. (2002). An integrative model for environmental health research. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(3), 43-57.
- Falk-Rafael, A., & Betker, C. (2012). Witnessing social injustice downstream and advocating for health equity upstream: “The trombone slide” of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 35(2), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0b013e31824fe70f
- Healthy People 2030. (2024). Social determinants of health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
- Mabhala, M.A. (2015). Public health nurse educators’ conceptualisation of public health as a strategy to reduce health inequalities: A qualitative study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0146-2
- MacDonald, S.E., Newburn‐Cook, C.V., Allen, M., & Reutter, L. (2013). Embracing the population health framework in nursing research. Nursing Inquiry, 20(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12017
- McDermott-Levy, R., & Leffers, J.M. (2022). Environmental health and safety. In C. Rector & M. J. Stanley (Eds.), Community & public health nursing: Promoting the public's health (pp. 748-834). Wolters Kluwer.
- McKinlay, J.B. (1979). A case for refocusing upstream: The political economy of illness. In E. G. Jaco (Ed.), Patients, physicians, and illness: A sourcebook in behavioral science and health (3rd ed., pp. 9-25). Free Press.
- Özsoy, S.A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Hemşirelik uygulamalarına yön veren uluslararası hemşirelik kuruluşlarının çevre sağlığı yaklaşımları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 51-59.
- Renalds, A., Smith, T.H., & Hale, P.J. (2010). A systematic review of built environment and health. Family & Community Health, 33(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181c4e2e5
- Reutter, L., & Kushner, K.E. (2010). ‘Health equity through action on the social determinants of health’: Taking up the challenge in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(3), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2010.00500.x
- Sattler, B., & Lipscomb, J. (Eds.). (2003). Environmental health and nursing practice. Springer Publishing Company.
- Ünsal, A. (2017). Hemşireliğin dört temel kavramı: İnsan, çevre, sağlık & hastalık, hemşirelik. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 11-28.
- Waitzkin, H. (2016). John D. Stoeckle and the upstream vision of social determinants in public health. American Journal of Public Health, 106(2), 234-236. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302936
- World Health Organization. (2022). Health topics: Environmental health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/environmental-health#tab=tab_1
Abstract
The impact of the environment on health has gained importance with Florence Nightingale. It is known that individual prevention initiatives alone are insufficient to protect and improve public health, and that nurses should be proactive in preventing environmental risks, which constitute a prerequisite for health, from turning into disease and disability. Environmental initiatives should be handled with a multi-sectoral, upward perspective from individuals to policymakers. Healthy People 2030 emphasises the importance of upstream factors in improving health and combating health inequalities. These factors are related to social determinants of health that are upstream and not related to health service delivery. From this perspective, the Butterfield Upstream Model for Population Health can be used in environment-related health problems. Public health nurses can intervene upwards from individuals to policymakers with a multi-sectoral approach by analysing environmental risks that may pose health problems with the model. The aim of this review is to explain the model, which was transferred to nursing science by public health nurse Patricia G. Butterfield, by considering the environment.
References
- Bekemeier, B. (2008). “Upstream” nursing practice and research. Applied Nursing Research, 2(1), 50-52.
- Butterfield, P.G. (1990). Thinking upstream: Nurturing a conceptual understanding of the societal context of health behavior. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(2), 1-8.
- Butterfield, P.G. (2002). Upstream reflections on environmental health: An abbreviated history and framework for action. Advances in Nursing Science, 25(1), 32-49.
- Butterfield, P.G. (2017). Thinking upstream: A 25-year retrospective and conceptual model aimed at reducing health inequities. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(1), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000161
- Campbell, L. A., & Anderko, L. (2020). Moving upstream from the individual to the community: Addressing social determinants of health. NASN School Nurse, 35(3), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X20902462
- Castrucci, B.C., & Auerbach, J. (2019). Meeting individual social needs falls short of addressing social determinants of health. Health Affairs. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20190115.234942
- Dillard-Wright, J., & Shields-Haas, V. (2021). Nursing with the people: Reimagining futures for nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 44(3), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000361
- Distelhorst, K.S., Graor, C. H., & Hansen, D. M. (2021). Upstream factors in population health: A concept analysis to advance nursing theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 44(3), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000362
- Dixon, J.K., & Dixon, J. P. (2002). An integrative model for environmental health research. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(3), 43-57.
- Falk-Rafael, A., & Betker, C. (2012). Witnessing social injustice downstream and advocating for health equity upstream: “The trombone slide” of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 35(2), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0b013e31824fe70f
- Healthy People 2030. (2024). Social determinants of health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
- Mabhala, M.A. (2015). Public health nurse educators’ conceptualisation of public health as a strategy to reduce health inequalities: A qualitative study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0146-2
- MacDonald, S.E., Newburn‐Cook, C.V., Allen, M., & Reutter, L. (2013). Embracing the population health framework in nursing research. Nursing Inquiry, 20(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12017
- McDermott-Levy, R., & Leffers, J.M. (2022). Environmental health and safety. In C. Rector & M. J. Stanley (Eds.), Community & public health nursing: Promoting the public's health (pp. 748-834). Wolters Kluwer.
- McKinlay, J.B. (1979). A case for refocusing upstream: The political economy of illness. In E. G. Jaco (Ed.), Patients, physicians, and illness: A sourcebook in behavioral science and health (3rd ed., pp. 9-25). Free Press.
- Özsoy, S.A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Hemşirelik uygulamalarına yön veren uluslararası hemşirelik kuruluşlarının çevre sağlığı yaklaşımları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 51-59.
- Renalds, A., Smith, T.H., & Hale, P.J. (2010). A systematic review of built environment and health. Family & Community Health, 33(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181c4e2e5
- Reutter, L., & Kushner, K.E. (2010). ‘Health equity through action on the social determinants of health’: Taking up the challenge in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(3), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2010.00500.x
- Sattler, B., & Lipscomb, J. (Eds.). (2003). Environmental health and nursing practice. Springer Publishing Company.
- Ünsal, A. (2017). Hemşireliğin dört temel kavramı: İnsan, çevre, sağlık & hastalık, hemşirelik. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 11-28.
- Waitzkin, H. (2016). John D. Stoeckle and the upstream vision of social determinants in public health. American Journal of Public Health, 106(2), 234-236. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302936
- World Health Organization. (2022). Health topics: Environmental health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/environmental-health#tab=tab_1
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Public Health (Other), Public Health Nursing |
| Journal Section | Review Aticle |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 22, 2025 |
| Submission Date | May 25, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | October 23, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |