The Relationship Among the Hygiene Score, Bedding Type and the California Mastitis Test Score in Family-Type Dairy Farming
Abstract
It is known that subclinical mastitis has a significant effect on milk yield losses. The hygiene of both the barn and the cow plays an important role in the etiology of subclinical mastitis. In cases where the hygiene score (HS) worsens, the incidence of subclinical mastitis increases. The presented study aimed to determine the relationship between the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis with the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the Hygiene score (HS). The study was conducted on 80 dairy cows of different breeds from small family-type dairy farms (n=10). Hygiene scores (HS) were recorded in different parts of the body of each animal and the incidence of subclinical mastitis was investigated with CMT in each mammary lobe. When the bedding materials in the barn were compared with the hygiene score (HS); a significant relationship was found between the bedding material of the legs (P=0,037) and belly (P=0,025), respectively. However, no significant relationship was found between the CMT test and the legs and belly (P>0,05). It has been determined that the positivity rate in CMT test results increases in animals with increased hygiene scores (HS). As a result, the relationship between the CMT test and subclinical mastitis and hygiene scores (HS) is thought to be insufficient. No significant relationship was found between the hygiene score (HS) of the rear and animals with positive CMT test results in any mammary lobe (P>0.05). It has been determined that the positivity rate in CMT test results increases in animals with increased hygiene scores (HS). As a result, the relationship between CMT test and subclinical mastitis and hygiene scores (HS) is thought to be insufficient. It would be more effective if the relationship between subclinical mastitis and hygiene score (HS) is supported by Somatic Cell Count (SCC) determination in addition to the CMT test.
References
- Abdeen EE, Mousa WS, Abdel-Tawab AA, et al., 2021: Phenotypic, genotypic and antibiogram among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Pak Vet J, 41, 289-93.
- Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Gurler H, et al., 2017: The relationships between udder traits and milk yield, milk composition, and subclinical mastitis in Jersey cows. LAR, 23, 203-209.
- Alpay G, Yeşilbağ K, 2009: Mastitis olgularında virusların rolü. Uludağ Univ Veteriner Fak Derg, 28, 39-46. Anwar MA, Aziz S, Ashfaq K, et al., 2022: Trends in frequency, potential risks, and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from semi-intensive dairy systems. Pak Vet J, 42, 167-172.
- Ayvazoğlu Demir P, Eşki F, 2019: Estimate by Quantitative Methods of the Effect on Some Milk Yield Traits with CMT Score of Subclinic Mastitis in Cows: Pilot Study. Van Vet J, 30, 177-182.
- Cantekin Z, Ergün Y, Doğruer G, et al., 2015: Comparison of PCR and Culture Methods for Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 21, 277-282.
- Cobirka M, Tancin V, Slama P, 2020: Epidemiology and classification of mastitis. Animals, 10, 2212.
- Çelebi A, Akdağ F, 2022: The Relationship of Barn and Animal Hygiene with Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Mastitis in Holstein and Simmental Cows. JAES, 7, 479-484.
- Çelik E, Akçay A, 2024: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of subclinical mastitis prevalences in dairy cattle in Türkiye. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 71, 195-206.
- Çoban Ö, Tüzemen N, 2007: Siyah Alaca ve Esmer İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis İçin Risk Faktörleri. Uludağ Univ Veteriner Fak Derg, 26, 27-31.
- De Campos JL, Gonçalves JL, Kates A, et al., 2023: Variation in partial direct costs of treating clinical mastitis among 37 Wisconsin dairy farms. J Dairy Sci, 106, 9276-9286.
- De Graves FJ, Fetrow J, 1993: Economics of Mastitis Control. Vet Clin North Am Food Animal Pratice, 9, 421-434. DeVries TJ, Aarnoudse MG, Barkema HW, et al., 2012: Associations of dairy cow behavior, barn hygiene, cow hygiene, and risk of elevated somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci, 95, 5730-5739.
- Dos Santos PJ, Ladeira SL, de Lima Gonzalez H, et al., 2020: Bacteria From Bovine Mastitis: Survey And Literature Review. Congresso International Da Agroindustria. Second International Veterinary Internal Medicine Congress. September, Recife-Brasil. 25-27.
- Emre B, Cengız M, Alacam E, 2011: Evaluation of Effects of Milking Hygiene and Management Factor on Clinical Mastitis Incidencein Dairy Cows. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17, 31-35.
- Feng L, Yuxia C, Zichen W, et al., 2021: The effect of exogenous melatonin on milk somatic cell count in buffalo. Pak Vet J, 41, 152-155.
- Fregonesi JA, Leaver JD, 2001: Behaviour, performance and health indicators of welfare for dairy cows housed in strawyard or cubicle systems. Livest Prod Sci, 68, 205-216.
- Fulwider WK, Grandin T, Garrick DJet al., 2007: Influence of free-stall base on tarsal joint lesions and hygiene in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 3559–3566.
- Han G, Zhang B, 2022: Molecular typing and prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from Chinese dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Plos One, 17, e0268262.
- Hultgren J, Bergsten C, 2001: Effects of a rubber-slatted flooring system on cleanliness and foot health in tied dairy cows. Pre Vet Med, 52, 75-89.
- Ijaz M, Manzoor A, Mohy-ud-Din MT, et al., 2021: An economical nonantibiotic alternative to antibiotic therapy for subclinical mastitis in cows. Pak Vet J, 41, 475-480.
- Koçyiğit R, Tüzemen N, 2015: Farklı Zemin Tiplerinin Esmer Sığırlarda Bazı Davranış ve Temizlik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri J of Agr Sci, 28, 9-18.
- Mıtev J, Gergovska Z, Mıteva T, et al., 2013: Effect of the degree of udder contamination in dairy cows on the somatic cell count in milk. Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ J, 39, 76-83.
- Özenç E, 2019: Determination of risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis as detected by California Mastitis Test in smallholder dairy farms in Afyonkarahisar. Kocatepe Vet J, 12, 277-283.
- Rişvanlı A, Kalkan C, 2002: Sütçü İneklerde Yaş ve Irkın Subklinik Mastitisli Memelerin Sütlerindeki Somatik Hücre Sayıları ile Mikrobiyolojik İzolasyon Oranlarına Etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 13, 84-87.
- Schalm OW, Noorlander DO, 1957: Experiments and observations leading to development of the California mastitis test. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 130, 199-240.
- Schreiner DA, Ruegg PL, 2003: Relationship between udder and leg hygiene scores and subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci, 86, 3460-3465.
- Sharif A, Muhammad G, 2008: Somatic cell count as an indicator of udder health status under modern dairy production: A review. Pak Vet J, 28, 194-200.
- Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Rişvanlı A, et al., 2022: Elazığ İlindeki Küçük Ölçekli Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı, Süt Bileşenine Etki Eden Faktörler ve Bunlar Arasındaki İnteraksiyonların Araştırılması. MJAVL Sci, 11, 68-80
- Yalçın C, Cevger Y, Türkyılmaz K, et al., 2000: Süt ineklerinde mastitisten kaynaklanan süt verim kayıplarının tahmini. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 24, 599-604.
Aile Tipi İşletmelerde Hijyen Skoru, Yataklık Tipi ile California Mastitis Test Skoru Arasındaki İlişki
Abstract
Subklinik mastitisin süt verim kayıplarında önemli düzeyde etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Subklinik mastitisin etiyolojisinde hem ahırın hemde ineğin hijyeni önemli bir rol oynar. Hijyen skorunun kötüleştiği durumlarda subklinik mastitis insidası artar. Sunulan bu çalışmada Kaliforniya Mastitis Testi (CMT) ile subklinik mastitisin belirlenmesiyle hijyen skoru (HS) arasında ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Küçük aile tipi işletmelerde (n=10) bulunan farklı ırklara ait 80 adet sağmal ineklerde araştırma gerçekleştirildi. Her bir hayvanda vücudun farklı bölgelerinde hijyen skoru (HS) kaydedilerek her bir meme lobunda CMT ile subklinik mastitis insidansı araştırıldı. Barınak içerisindeki altlık materyalleri hijyen skoru (HS) ile karşılaştırıldığında; sırasıyla ayakların (P=0,037) ve karın bölgesinin (P=0,025) altlık materyali ile aralarında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Ancak CMT testi ile bacaklar ve karın bölgesi ile aralarında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (P>0,05). Herhangi bir meme lobunda pozitif CMT test sonucu çıkan hayvanlar ile sağrının hijyen skoru (HS) arasından anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (P>0,05). Hijyen skoru (HS) artan hayvanlarda CMT testi sonuçlarında pozitiflik oranı arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak CMT testi ile subklinik mastitis ile hijyen skoru (HS) arasındaki ilişkinin yetersiz olduğu düşünülmektedir. Subklinik mastitis ile hijyen skoru (HS) arasındaki ilişki için CMT testine ek olarak Somatik Hücre Sayısı (SHS) tespiti ile desteklenirse daha etkili olacaktır.
References
- Abdeen EE, Mousa WS, Abdel-Tawab AA, et al., 2021: Phenotypic, genotypic and antibiogram among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. Pak Vet J, 41, 289-93.
- Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Gurler H, et al., 2017: The relationships between udder traits and milk yield, milk composition, and subclinical mastitis in Jersey cows. LAR, 23, 203-209.
- Alpay G, Yeşilbağ K, 2009: Mastitis olgularında virusların rolü. Uludağ Univ Veteriner Fak Derg, 28, 39-46. Anwar MA, Aziz S, Ashfaq K, et al., 2022: Trends in frequency, potential risks, and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from semi-intensive dairy systems. Pak Vet J, 42, 167-172.
- Ayvazoğlu Demir P, Eşki F, 2019: Estimate by Quantitative Methods of the Effect on Some Milk Yield Traits with CMT Score of Subclinic Mastitis in Cows: Pilot Study. Van Vet J, 30, 177-182.
- Cantekin Z, Ergün Y, Doğruer G, et al., 2015: Comparison of PCR and Culture Methods for Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 21, 277-282.
- Cobirka M, Tancin V, Slama P, 2020: Epidemiology and classification of mastitis. Animals, 10, 2212.
- Çelebi A, Akdağ F, 2022: The Relationship of Barn and Animal Hygiene with Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Mastitis in Holstein and Simmental Cows. JAES, 7, 479-484.
- Çelik E, Akçay A, 2024: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of subclinical mastitis prevalences in dairy cattle in Türkiye. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 71, 195-206.
- Çoban Ö, Tüzemen N, 2007: Siyah Alaca ve Esmer İneklerde Subklinik Mastitis İçin Risk Faktörleri. Uludağ Univ Veteriner Fak Derg, 26, 27-31.
- De Campos JL, Gonçalves JL, Kates A, et al., 2023: Variation in partial direct costs of treating clinical mastitis among 37 Wisconsin dairy farms. J Dairy Sci, 106, 9276-9286.
- De Graves FJ, Fetrow J, 1993: Economics of Mastitis Control. Vet Clin North Am Food Animal Pratice, 9, 421-434. DeVries TJ, Aarnoudse MG, Barkema HW, et al., 2012: Associations of dairy cow behavior, barn hygiene, cow hygiene, and risk of elevated somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci, 95, 5730-5739.
- Dos Santos PJ, Ladeira SL, de Lima Gonzalez H, et al., 2020: Bacteria From Bovine Mastitis: Survey And Literature Review. Congresso International Da Agroindustria. Second International Veterinary Internal Medicine Congress. September, Recife-Brasil. 25-27.
- Emre B, Cengız M, Alacam E, 2011: Evaluation of Effects of Milking Hygiene and Management Factor on Clinical Mastitis Incidencein Dairy Cows. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17, 31-35.
- Feng L, Yuxia C, Zichen W, et al., 2021: The effect of exogenous melatonin on milk somatic cell count in buffalo. Pak Vet J, 41, 152-155.
- Fregonesi JA, Leaver JD, 2001: Behaviour, performance and health indicators of welfare for dairy cows housed in strawyard or cubicle systems. Livest Prod Sci, 68, 205-216.
- Fulwider WK, Grandin T, Garrick DJet al., 2007: Influence of free-stall base on tarsal joint lesions and hygiene in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 3559–3566.
- Han G, Zhang B, 2022: Molecular typing and prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from Chinese dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Plos One, 17, e0268262.
- Hultgren J, Bergsten C, 2001: Effects of a rubber-slatted flooring system on cleanliness and foot health in tied dairy cows. Pre Vet Med, 52, 75-89.
- Ijaz M, Manzoor A, Mohy-ud-Din MT, et al., 2021: An economical nonantibiotic alternative to antibiotic therapy for subclinical mastitis in cows. Pak Vet J, 41, 475-480.
- Koçyiğit R, Tüzemen N, 2015: Farklı Zemin Tiplerinin Esmer Sığırlarda Bazı Davranış ve Temizlik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri J of Agr Sci, 28, 9-18.
- Mıtev J, Gergovska Z, Mıteva T, et al., 2013: Effect of the degree of udder contamination in dairy cows on the somatic cell count in milk. Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ J, 39, 76-83.
- Özenç E, 2019: Determination of risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis as detected by California Mastitis Test in smallholder dairy farms in Afyonkarahisar. Kocatepe Vet J, 12, 277-283.
- Rişvanlı A, Kalkan C, 2002: Sütçü İneklerde Yaş ve Irkın Subklinik Mastitisli Memelerin Sütlerindeki Somatik Hücre Sayıları ile Mikrobiyolojik İzolasyon Oranlarına Etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 13, 84-87.
- Schalm OW, Noorlander DO, 1957: Experiments and observations leading to development of the California mastitis test. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 130, 199-240.
- Schreiner DA, Ruegg PL, 2003: Relationship between udder and leg hygiene scores and subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci, 86, 3460-3465.
- Sharif A, Muhammad G, 2008: Somatic cell count as an indicator of udder health status under modern dairy production: A review. Pak Vet J, 28, 194-200.
- Şafak T, Yılmaz Ö, Rişvanlı A, et al., 2022: Elazığ İlindeki Küçük Ölçekli Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinde Subklinik Mastitis Prevalansı, Süt Bileşenine Etki Eden Faktörler ve Bunlar Arasındaki İnteraksiyonların Araştırılması. MJAVL Sci, 11, 68-80
- Yalçın C, Cevger Y, Türkyılmaz K, et al., 2000: Süt ineklerinde mastitisten kaynaklanan süt verim kayıplarının tahmini. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 24, 599-604.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Environmental Studies in Animal Production, Animal Management, Animal Health Economics and Management, Animal Science, Genetics and Biostatistics |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 19, 2025 |
| Submission Date | November 3, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 3, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
