Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 25 - 30, 19.06.2025

Vefa Tohumcu , Damla Tuğçe Okur , Alper Yasin Çiplak , Şifanur Aydin , Mehmet Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1603378

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between antral follicle count (AFC) and hormonal profiles as well as metabolic status in dairy cows. A total of 32 Holstein cows aged between 2 and 4 years and in their 60th day of lactation were included. Based on ultrasonographic evaluations, the cows were divided into two groups according to their AFC: low AFC (<24) and high AFC (≥24). Following ovulation synchronization, follicular development was monitored on the day of ovulation (Day 0) and subsequently on Days 3, 6, and 9. Blood samples collected on these days were analyzed for serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and cholesterol (CHOL) levels. The results showed no significant differences in AMH levels between the low and high AFC groups during the study period (P > 0.05). However, E2 levels on Day 9 were significantly higher in the low AFC group compared to the high AFC group (P = 0.004). Additionally, P4 levels were significantly higher in the low AFC group on Days 0, 6, and 9 (P < 0.05). In contrast, BHBA levels were significantly elevated in the high AFC group across all time points (P < 0.05). Cholesterol levels were consistently higher in the low AFC group throughout the study (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that AFC has a significant effect on hormonal profiles and energy metabolism in dairy cows. Particularly, the elevated steroid hormone levels observed in the low AFC group may reflect a compensatory mechanism to sustain reproductive function in conditions of limited follicular reserve.

Keywords

Anti-Müllerian hormone Antral follicle count Dairy cows Energy metabolism Hormone profile Metabolic parameters

References

  • Anderson JL, Kalscheur KF, Clapper JA, Perry GA, Keisler DH, Garcia AD, Schingoethe DJ, 2015: Feeding fat from distillers dried grains with solubles to dairy heifers: II. Effects on metabolic profile. J Dairy Sci, 98(8), 5709-5719.
  • Baldrighi JM, Sá Filho MF, Batista EO, Lopes RN, Visintin JA, Baruselli PS, Assumpção ME, 2014: Anti-Mullerian hormone concentration and antral ovarian follicle population in Murrah heifers compared to Holstein and Gyr kept under the same management. Reprod Domest Anim, 49, 1015-1020.
  • Bonato DV, Ferreira EB, Gomes DN, Bonato FGC, Droher RG, Morotti F, Seneda MM, 2022: Follicular dynamics, luteal characteristics, and progesterone concentrations in synchronized lactating Holstein cows with high and low antral follicle counts. Theriogenology, 179, 223-229.
  • Bosolasco D, Nuñez-Olivera R, De Brun V, Meikle A, Menchaca A, 2021: Estradiol cypionate administered at the end of a progesterone-based protocol for FTAI induces ovulation and improves postovulatory luteal function and uterine environment in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology, 162, 74-83.
  • Clark ZL, Karl KR, Ruebel ML, Latham KE, Ireland JJ, 2022: Excessive follicle-stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation of cattle may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles. Biol Reprod, 106(5), 968-978.
  • De los Reyes M, Palomino J, Parraguez VH, Hidalgo M, Saffie P, 2006: Histological characteristics and steroid concentration of ovarian follicles at different stages of development in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows. Vet Res Commun, 30, 161-173.
  • Ducháček J, Codl R, Gašparík M, Pytlík J, Ptáček M, Vrhel M, 2023: The effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the blood on reproduction, production, and health of cows in the first weeks after calving. J Cent Eur Agric, 24(1), 32-42.
  • Fiore E, Tessari R, Morgante M, Gianesella M, Badon T, Bedin S, Mazzotta E, Berlanda M, 2020: Identification of plasma fatty acids in four lipid classes to understand energy metabolism at different levels of ketonemia in dairy cows using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatographic techniques (TLC-GC). Anim, 10(4), 571.
  • Gamarra G, Ponsart C, Lacaze S, Le Guienne B, Humblot P, Deloche MC, Ponter AA, 2015: Dietary propylene glycol and in vitro embryo production after ovum pick-up in heifers with different anti-Müllerian hormone profiles. Reprod Fertil Dev, 27(8), 1249-1261.
  • Gobikrushanth M, Dutra PA, Bruinjé TC, Colazo MG, Butler ST, Ambrose DJ, 2017: Repeatability of antral follicle counts and anti-Müllerian hormone and their associations determined at an unknown stage of follicular growth and an expected day of follicular wave emergence in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 92, 90-94.
  • Gong J, Zhao S, Heng N, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wang H, Zhu H, 2022: The dynamic transcription profiles of proliferating bovine ovarian granulosa when exposed to increased levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid. Front Vet Sci, 9, 915956.
  • Guanga LA, Astiz S, Sanango JD, Samaniego JX, Cabrera RX, Perea F, Pacheco JLP, 2022: Relationship between the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in pasture-managed Holstein cows in the high tropics. J Dairy Res, 89(1), 60-64.
  • Hölper M, Bretzinger L, Randi F, Heuwieser W, Borchardt S, 2023: Effect of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 8 days during a modified Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy outcomes in lactating Holstein cows. JDS Communications, 4(4), 303-307.
  • İleritürk M, Kaynar Ö, 2023: Effect of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Metabolic Profile and Mineral Levels at Transition Period On The Calving-Conception Interval in Cows. Kocatepe Vet J, 16(2), 143-159.
  • Ireland JL, Scheetz D, Jimenez-Krassel F, Themmen AP, Ward F, Lonergan P, Smith GW, Perez GI, Evans AC, Ireland JJ, 2008: Antral follicle count reliably predicts number of morphologically healthy oocytes and follicles in ovaries of young adult cattle. Biol Reprod, 79, 1219-1225.
  • Jimenez-Krassel F, Scheetz DM, Neuder LM, Ireland JLH, Pursley JR, Smith GW, Ireland JJ, 2015: Concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone in dairy heifers is positively associated with productive herd life. J Dairy Sci, 98(5), 3036-3045.
  • Juengel JL, Cushman RA, Dupont J, Fabre S, Lea RG, Martin GB, Smith P, 2021: The ovarian follicle of ruminants: the path from conceptus to adult. Reprod Fertil Dev, 33(10), 621-642.
  • Koyama K, Koyama T, Sugimoto M, 2018: Repeatability of antral follicle count according parity in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev, 64(6), 535-539.
  • Manthey AK, Anderson JL, Perry GA, Keisler DH, 2017: Feeding distillers dried grains in replacement of forage in limit-fed dairy heifer rations: Effects on metabolic profile and onset of puberty. J Dairy Sci, 100(4), 2591-2602.
  • Matoba S, O'Hara L, Carter F, Kelly AK, Fair T, Rizos D, Lonergan P, 2012: The association between metabolic parameters and oocyte quality early and late postpartum in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 95(3), 1257-1266.
  • Missio D, Fritzen A, Vieira CC, Ferst JG, Fiorenza MF, de Andrade LG, de Menezes Bisneto BM, Rovani MT, Gasperin BG, Gonçalves PBD, Ferreira R, 2022: Increased β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration affect follicular growth in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 243, 107033.
  • Modina SC, Tessaro I, Lodde V, Franciosi F, Corbani D, Luciano AM, 2014: Reductions in the number of mid-sized antral follicles are associated with markers of premature ovarian senescence in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev, 26(2), 235-244.
  • Moon J, Ha JJ, Kwon WS, Kim DH, Yi J, 2024: Anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count as predictors for optimal selection of Hanwoo donor cows in superstimulated oocyte collection. J Anim Sci Technol, in press.
  • Morotti F, Miguez-Gonzalez S, Cerezetti MB, Seneda MM, 2022: Evaluation of three classification methods of antral follicle count and fertility to the timed artificial insemination in cattle. Anim Reprod, 19, e20210121.
  • Mossa F, Ireland JJ, 2019: Physiology and endocrinology symposium: Anti-Müllerian hormone: A biomarker for the ovarian reserve, ovarian function, and fertility in dairy cows. J Anim Sci, 97(4), 1446-1455.
  • Mossa F, Walsh SW, Butler ST, Berry DP, Carter F, Lonergan P, Evans AC, 2012: Low numbers of ovarian follicles≥ 3 mm in diameter are associated with low fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 95(5), 2355-2361.
  • Patel CI, Dhami AJ, Panchal MT, Sarvaiya NP, Shah SV, 2019: Blood Biochemical, Hormonal and Mineral Status of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometriotic and Pregnant Crossbred Cows. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol, 14(4), 1-4.
  • Rico C, Fabre S, Médigue C, di Clemente N, Clément F, Bontoux M, Touzé JL, Dupont M, Briant E, Rémy B, 2009: Anti-Mullerian hormone is an endocrine marker of ovarian gonadotropin-responsive follicles and can help to predict superovulatory responses in the cow. Biol Reprod, 80, 50-59.
  • Rosa CO, Costa CB, de Lima CB, da Silva CB, Zangirolamo AF, Ferreira CR, Seneda MM, 2021: Lipid profile of in vitro embryos produced from Bos indicus cows with low and high antral follicle counts. Livest Sci, 250, 104586.
  • Sakaguchi K, Tanida T, Abdel-Ghani MA, Kanno C, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S, Nagano M, 2018: Relationship between the antral follicle count in bovine ovaries from a local abattoir and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells cultured as oocyte-cumulus-granulosa complexes. J Reprod Dev, 64(6), 503-510.
  • Sakaguchi K, Yanagawa Y, Yoshioka K, Suda T, Katagiri S, Nagano M, 2019: Relationships between the antral follicle count, steroidogenesis, and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone during follicular growth in cattle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 17, 1-13.
  • Schwarzmann L, Marchand A, Knutti B, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H, Scarlet D, 2023: Effects of postpartum diseases on antral follicle count and serum concentration of Anti-Müllerian hormone in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 255, 107291.
  • Song Y, Wang Z, Zhao C, Bai Y, Xia C, Xu C, 2021: Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Res, 65(3), 361.
  • Tohumcu V, Tulan Tohumcu D, 2024: The economic optimization of lactation and fertility in dairy cows. CABI Rev, 19(1), 1-8.

Sütçü İneklerde Antral Folikül Sayısının Hormonal ve Metabolik Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 25 - 30, 19.06.2025

Vefa Tohumcu , Damla Tuğçe Okur , Alper Yasin Çiplak , Şifanur Aydin , Mehmet Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1603378

Abstract

Bu çalışma, süt ineklerinde antral folikül sayısı (AFC) ile hormonal profiller ve metabolik durum arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmaya, 2 ile 4 yaşları arasında ve laktasyonun 60. gününde bulunan toplam 32 Holstein ineği dahil edilmiştir. Ultrasonografik değerlendirmelere göre inekler, AFC değerlerine göre düşük AFC (<24) ve yüksek AFC (≥24) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Ovulasyon senkronizasyonunun ardından foliküler gelişim, ovulasyon günü (Gün 0) ve ardından 3., 6. ve 9. günlerde takip edilmiştir. Bu günlerde alınan kan örneklerinde serum anti-Müllerian hormonu (AMH), östradiol (E2), progesteron (P4), beta-hidroksibutirat (BHBA) ve kolesterol (CHOL) seviyeleri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, çalışma süresi boyunca düşük ve yüksek AFC grupları arasında AMH seviyelerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığını göstermiştir (P > 0.05). Ancak, 9. günde E2 seviyeleri düşük AFC grubunda, yüksek AFC grubuna kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek saptanmıştır (P = 0.004). Buna ek olarak, 0., 6. ve 9. günlerde düşük AFC grubunda P4 seviyeleri anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P < 0.05). Buna karşılık, tüm zaman noktalarında yüksek AFC grubunda BHBA seviyeleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir (P < 0.05). Kolesterol seviyeleri ise çalışma boyunca düşük AFC grubunda tutarlı bir şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P < 0.05). Sonuç olarak, elde edilen bulgular AFC’nin süt ineklerinde hormonal profiller ve enerji metabolizması üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle düşük AFC grubunda gözlemlenen artmış steroid hormon seviyeleri, sınırlı foliküler rezerv koşullarında üreme fonksiyonunun sürdürülebilmesi için bir telafi mekanizmasını yansıtıyor olabilir.

Keywords

Anti-Müllerian hormon Antral folikül sayısı Enerji metabolizması Hormon profili Metabolik parametreler Süt inekleri

References

  • Anderson JL, Kalscheur KF, Clapper JA, Perry GA, Keisler DH, Garcia AD, Schingoethe DJ, 2015: Feeding fat from distillers dried grains with solubles to dairy heifers: II. Effects on metabolic profile. J Dairy Sci, 98(8), 5709-5719.
  • Baldrighi JM, Sá Filho MF, Batista EO, Lopes RN, Visintin JA, Baruselli PS, Assumpção ME, 2014: Anti-Mullerian hormone concentration and antral ovarian follicle population in Murrah heifers compared to Holstein and Gyr kept under the same management. Reprod Domest Anim, 49, 1015-1020.
  • Bonato DV, Ferreira EB, Gomes DN, Bonato FGC, Droher RG, Morotti F, Seneda MM, 2022: Follicular dynamics, luteal characteristics, and progesterone concentrations in synchronized lactating Holstein cows with high and low antral follicle counts. Theriogenology, 179, 223-229.
  • Bosolasco D, Nuñez-Olivera R, De Brun V, Meikle A, Menchaca A, 2021: Estradiol cypionate administered at the end of a progesterone-based protocol for FTAI induces ovulation and improves postovulatory luteal function and uterine environment in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology, 162, 74-83.
  • Clark ZL, Karl KR, Ruebel ML, Latham KE, Ireland JJ, 2022: Excessive follicle-stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation of cattle may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles. Biol Reprod, 106(5), 968-978.
  • De los Reyes M, Palomino J, Parraguez VH, Hidalgo M, Saffie P, 2006: Histological characteristics and steroid concentration of ovarian follicles at different stages of development in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows. Vet Res Commun, 30, 161-173.
  • Ducháček J, Codl R, Gašparík M, Pytlík J, Ptáček M, Vrhel M, 2023: The effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the blood on reproduction, production, and health of cows in the first weeks after calving. J Cent Eur Agric, 24(1), 32-42.
  • Fiore E, Tessari R, Morgante M, Gianesella M, Badon T, Bedin S, Mazzotta E, Berlanda M, 2020: Identification of plasma fatty acids in four lipid classes to understand energy metabolism at different levels of ketonemia in dairy cows using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatographic techniques (TLC-GC). Anim, 10(4), 571.
  • Gamarra G, Ponsart C, Lacaze S, Le Guienne B, Humblot P, Deloche MC, Ponter AA, 2015: Dietary propylene glycol and in vitro embryo production after ovum pick-up in heifers with different anti-Müllerian hormone profiles. Reprod Fertil Dev, 27(8), 1249-1261.
  • Gobikrushanth M, Dutra PA, Bruinjé TC, Colazo MG, Butler ST, Ambrose DJ, 2017: Repeatability of antral follicle counts and anti-Müllerian hormone and their associations determined at an unknown stage of follicular growth and an expected day of follicular wave emergence in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 92, 90-94.
  • Gong J, Zhao S, Heng N, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wang H, Zhu H, 2022: The dynamic transcription profiles of proliferating bovine ovarian granulosa when exposed to increased levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid. Front Vet Sci, 9, 915956.
  • Guanga LA, Astiz S, Sanango JD, Samaniego JX, Cabrera RX, Perea F, Pacheco JLP, 2022: Relationship between the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in pasture-managed Holstein cows in the high tropics. J Dairy Res, 89(1), 60-64.
  • Hölper M, Bretzinger L, Randi F, Heuwieser W, Borchardt S, 2023: Effect of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 8 days during a modified Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy outcomes in lactating Holstein cows. JDS Communications, 4(4), 303-307.
  • İleritürk M, Kaynar Ö, 2023: Effect of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Metabolic Profile and Mineral Levels at Transition Period On The Calving-Conception Interval in Cows. Kocatepe Vet J, 16(2), 143-159.
  • Ireland JL, Scheetz D, Jimenez-Krassel F, Themmen AP, Ward F, Lonergan P, Smith GW, Perez GI, Evans AC, Ireland JJ, 2008: Antral follicle count reliably predicts number of morphologically healthy oocytes and follicles in ovaries of young adult cattle. Biol Reprod, 79, 1219-1225.
  • Jimenez-Krassel F, Scheetz DM, Neuder LM, Ireland JLH, Pursley JR, Smith GW, Ireland JJ, 2015: Concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone in dairy heifers is positively associated with productive herd life. J Dairy Sci, 98(5), 3036-3045.
  • Juengel JL, Cushman RA, Dupont J, Fabre S, Lea RG, Martin GB, Smith P, 2021: The ovarian follicle of ruminants: the path from conceptus to adult. Reprod Fertil Dev, 33(10), 621-642.
  • Koyama K, Koyama T, Sugimoto M, 2018: Repeatability of antral follicle count according parity in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev, 64(6), 535-539.
  • Manthey AK, Anderson JL, Perry GA, Keisler DH, 2017: Feeding distillers dried grains in replacement of forage in limit-fed dairy heifer rations: Effects on metabolic profile and onset of puberty. J Dairy Sci, 100(4), 2591-2602.
  • Matoba S, O'Hara L, Carter F, Kelly AK, Fair T, Rizos D, Lonergan P, 2012: The association between metabolic parameters and oocyte quality early and late postpartum in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 95(3), 1257-1266.
  • Missio D, Fritzen A, Vieira CC, Ferst JG, Fiorenza MF, de Andrade LG, de Menezes Bisneto BM, Rovani MT, Gasperin BG, Gonçalves PBD, Ferreira R, 2022: Increased β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration affect follicular growth in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 243, 107033.
  • Modina SC, Tessaro I, Lodde V, Franciosi F, Corbani D, Luciano AM, 2014: Reductions in the number of mid-sized antral follicles are associated with markers of premature ovarian senescence in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev, 26(2), 235-244.
  • Moon J, Ha JJ, Kwon WS, Kim DH, Yi J, 2024: Anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count as predictors for optimal selection of Hanwoo donor cows in superstimulated oocyte collection. J Anim Sci Technol, in press.
  • Morotti F, Miguez-Gonzalez S, Cerezetti MB, Seneda MM, 2022: Evaluation of three classification methods of antral follicle count and fertility to the timed artificial insemination in cattle. Anim Reprod, 19, e20210121.
  • Mossa F, Ireland JJ, 2019: Physiology and endocrinology symposium: Anti-Müllerian hormone: A biomarker for the ovarian reserve, ovarian function, and fertility in dairy cows. J Anim Sci, 97(4), 1446-1455.
  • Mossa F, Walsh SW, Butler ST, Berry DP, Carter F, Lonergan P, Evans AC, 2012: Low numbers of ovarian follicles≥ 3 mm in diameter are associated with low fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 95(5), 2355-2361.
  • Patel CI, Dhami AJ, Panchal MT, Sarvaiya NP, Shah SV, 2019: Blood Biochemical, Hormonal and Mineral Status of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometriotic and Pregnant Crossbred Cows. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol, 14(4), 1-4.
  • Rico C, Fabre S, Médigue C, di Clemente N, Clément F, Bontoux M, Touzé JL, Dupont M, Briant E, Rémy B, 2009: Anti-Mullerian hormone is an endocrine marker of ovarian gonadotropin-responsive follicles and can help to predict superovulatory responses in the cow. Biol Reprod, 80, 50-59.
  • Rosa CO, Costa CB, de Lima CB, da Silva CB, Zangirolamo AF, Ferreira CR, Seneda MM, 2021: Lipid profile of in vitro embryos produced from Bos indicus cows with low and high antral follicle counts. Livest Sci, 250, 104586.
  • Sakaguchi K, Tanida T, Abdel-Ghani MA, Kanno C, Yanagawa Y, Katagiri S, Nagano M, 2018: Relationship between the antral follicle count in bovine ovaries from a local abattoir and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells cultured as oocyte-cumulus-granulosa complexes. J Reprod Dev, 64(6), 503-510.
  • Sakaguchi K, Yanagawa Y, Yoshioka K, Suda T, Katagiri S, Nagano M, 2019: Relationships between the antral follicle count, steroidogenesis, and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone during follicular growth in cattle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 17, 1-13.
  • Schwarzmann L, Marchand A, Knutti B, Bruckmaier R, Bollwein H, Scarlet D, 2023: Effects of postpartum diseases on antral follicle count and serum concentration of Anti-Müllerian hormone in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 255, 107291.
  • Song Y, Wang Z, Zhao C, Bai Y, Xia C, Xu C, 2021: Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Res, 65(3), 361.
  • Tohumcu V, Tulan Tohumcu D, 2024: The economic optimization of lactation and fertility in dairy cows. CABI Rev, 19(1), 1-8.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Vefa Tohumcu 0000-0003-4062-7513

Damla Tuğçe Okur 0000-0003-2733-2155

Alper Yasin Çiplak 0000-0002-7912-7703

Şifanur Aydin 0000-0002-8332-0514

Mehmet Cengiz 0000-0001-9913-3468

Publication Date June 19, 2025
Submission Date December 17, 2024
Acceptance Date February 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tohumcu, V., Okur, D. T., Çiplak, A. Y., Aydin, Ş., et al. (2025). Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 14(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1603378
AMA Tohumcu V, Okur DT, Çiplak AY, Aydin Ş, Cengiz M. Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. June 2025;14(1):25-30. doi:10.31196/huvfd.1603378
Chicago Tohumcu, Vefa, Damla Tuğçe Okur, Alper Yasin Çiplak, Şifanur Aydin, and Mehmet Cengiz. “Hormonal and Metabolic Effects on Antral Follicle Count in Dairy Cows”. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 14, no. 1 (June 2025): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1603378.
EndNote Tohumcu V, Okur DT, Çiplak AY, Aydin Ş, Cengiz M (June 1, 2025) Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 14 1 25–30.
IEEE V. Tohumcu, D. T. Okur, A. Y. Çiplak, Ş. Aydin, and M. Cengiz, “Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows”, Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 25–30, 2025, doi: 10.31196/huvfd.1603378.
ISNAD Tohumcu, Vefa et al. “Hormonal and Metabolic Effects on Antral Follicle Count in Dairy Cows”. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 14/1 (June 2025), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1603378.
JAMA Tohumcu V, Okur DT, Çiplak AY, Aydin Ş, Cengiz M. Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2025;14:25–30.
MLA Tohumcu, Vefa et al. “Hormonal and Metabolic Effects on Antral Follicle Count in Dairy Cows”. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, vol. 14, no. 1, 2025, pp. 25-30, doi:10.31196/huvfd.1603378.
Vancouver Tohumcu V, Okur DT, Çiplak AY, Aydin Ş, Cengiz M. Hormonal and metabolic effects on antral follicle count in dairy cows. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2025;14(1):25-30.
 Download Cover Image

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.