Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 60 - 66, 19.06.2025
Abstract
Ağır metaller, yüksek atom ağırlıkları ve canlılar üzerine olan toksisiteleri ile bilinirler. Biyoakümülasyon ile hem insan hemde hayvan dokularında birikim yapma özelliğine sahiptirler. Bu çalışma, kesilen süt sığırlarının karaciğerlerinde ağır metallerin varlığını ve bunların hayvan sağlığına olası zararlarını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada, Holstein süt ineği kullanıldı. Ağır metal analizi için, kesimden sonra hayvanların karaciğerinden 4x10 g örnekler alındı. Yaş yakma yöntemine göre hazırlanan örnekler, ICP-OES cihazı kullanılarak arsenik, alüminyum, kurşun, civa ve nikel varlığı açısından incelendi. Klinik muayenede sırasıyla 20 ve 13 hayvanda, rumen asidozu ve overyum hastalıklarının en yaygın hastalıklar olarak tespit edildi. Karaciğer numunelerinin hiçbirinde nikel bulunmadı. Sırasıyla, alüminyum 4.60±8.71 ppm, arsenik 0.39±0.11 ppm, civa 0.41±0.29 ppm ve kurşun 0.04±0.13 ppm olarak tespit edildi. Yaygınlık yüzdeleri toplam hayvan sayısına göre hesaplandı: Alüminyum %72, arsenik %100, civa %88, nikel %0 ve kurşun %10. Alüminyum numunelerin %28’i hayvan sağlığı açısından kabul edilebilir limitlerin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Civa ortalama değerleri ise insan sağlığı için kabul edilebilir limitlerin üzerindedir. Özet olarak, zehirli ağır metaller alüminyum, arsenik ve civanın Holstein karaciğerlerindeki prevalansı oldukca yüksek bulunmuştur.
Project Number
TÜBİTAK 2209-A PROJE NO: 1919B012108462 ve MSKÜ BAP LÖKAP PROJE NO: 22/150/01/3/4.
References
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Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 60 - 66, 19.06.2025
Abstract
Heavy metals are characterized by their high atomic mass and toxicity to living organisms. This study aimed to investigate the presence of heavy metals in the livers of slaughtered dairy cows and to discuss their possible effects on animal health. In the study, 50 Holstein dairy cows were used. After slaughtering, samples of 4 X 10 g were taken from the liver of the animals for heavy metal analysis. All samples were analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) using the ICP-OES device. Rumen acidosis and ovarian diseases were found to be the most common diseases in 20 and 13 animals, respectively. None of the samples contained Ni. On average, Al was detected at 4.60±8.71 ppm, as at 0.39±0.11 ppm, Hg at 0.41±0.29 ppm and Pb at 0.04±0.13 ppm. Based on the total number of animals, the following prevalence was calculated: 72% for Al, 100% for As, 88% for Hg, 0% for Ni, and 10% for Pb. The study showed that the average as content was in a toxic range. In 28% of the samples, the Al value was categorized as toxic to animal health. The average Hg values, on the other hand, were above the acceptable limits for human health. In summary, the prevalence of toxic heavy metals Al, As and Hg in Holstein livers was quite high.
Supporting Institution
This Research was supported financially by TÜBİTAK (2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program, Application number 1919B012108462) and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Research Support and Funding Office (BAP-LÖKAP) with the project no: 22/150/01/3/4.
Project Number
TÜBİTAK 2209-A PROJE NO: 1919B012108462 ve MSKÜ BAP LÖKAP PROJE NO: 22/150/01/3/4.
Thanks
Muğla Metropolitan Municipality Slaughterhouse Services Branch Directorate
References
- Aliyev V, 2011: Plasenta ve anne biyolojik örneklerinde arsenik düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve glutatyon transferaz polimorfizminin arsenik düzeyine etkisi. Doktora tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Alonso ML, Benedito JL, Miranda M, Castillo C, Herna´ndez J, Shore RF, 2000: Arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in cattle from Galicia, NW Spain. Sci Total Environ, 246, 237 –248.
- Alonso ML, Benedito JL, Miranda M, Castillo C, Hernández J, Shore RF, 2003: Mercury concentrations in cattle from NW Spain. Sci Total Environ, 302 (1-3), 93–100.
- Alonso ML, Montaña FP, Miranda, M, Castillo C, Hernández J, Benedito JL, 2004: Interactions between toxic (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and nutritional essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) elements in the tissues of cattle from NW Spain. Biometals, 17, 389-397.
- Alonso ML, 2012: Animal feed contamination by toxic metals. In: Animal Feed Contamination, Woodhead Publishing (Ed), 183-204, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK.
- Amodio-Cocchieri R, Flore P, 1987: Lead and cadmium concentrations in liverstock bred in Campania, Italy. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 39, 460-464.
- Anjulo TK, Mersso BT, 2015: Assessment of dairy feeds for heavy metals. Am Acad Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci, 11, 20-31.
- Aranha S, Nishikawa AM, Taka T, Salioni EMC, 1994: Cadmium and lead levels in cattle’s liver and kidney. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz, 54 (1), 16-20.
- Bahri LE, Romdane SB, 1991: Arsenic poisoning in livestock. Vet Hum Toxicol, 33, 259–264.
- Baker JC, 1987: Lead poisoning in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 3, 137-147.
- Barceloux DG, Barceloux D, 1999: Nickel. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 37 (2), 239–258.
- Bertin FR, Baseler LJ, Wilson CR., Kritchevsky JE, Taylor SD, 2013: Arsenic toxicosis in cattle: meta-analysis of 156 cases. J Vet Intern Med, 27 (4), 977-81.
- Bilge U, Cimrin KM, 2013: Heavy metal pollution in soils adjacent to the Kızıltepe – Viranşehir road. J Agr Sci, 19, 323–329.
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- Čelechovská O, Malota L, Zima S, 2008: Entry of heavy metals into food chains: a 20-year comparison study in northern moravia (Czech republic). Acta Vet, 77, 645-652.
- Chopra S, Dhumal S, Abeli P, Beaudry R, Almenar E, 2017: Metal-organic frameworks have utility in adsorption and release of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene in fresh produce packaging. Postharvest Biol Technol, 130, 48–55.
- Counotte G, Holzhauer M, Carp-van Dijken S, Muskens J, Van der Merwe D, 2019: Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018. PloS ONE, 14 (4), e0214584.
- Cowan V, Blakley B, 2016: Acute lead poisoning in western Canadian cattle—a 16-year retrospective study of diagnostic case records. Can Vet J, 57 (4), 421-426.
- Doganoc DZ, 1996: Lead and cadmium concentrations in meat, liver and kidney of Slovenian cattle and pigs from 1989 to 1993. Food Addit Contam, 13 (2), 237-241.
- Dousova B, Machovic V, Kolousek D, Kovanda F, Dornicak V, 2003: Sorption of As(V) species fromaqueous systems. Water Air Soil Pollut, 149, 251-67.
- Dutta S, Gorain B, Choudhury H, Roychoudhury S, Sengupta P, 2022: Environmental and occupational exposure ofmetals and female reproductive health. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29 (41), 62067–62092.
- Elarabany NF, El-Batrawy OA, 2019: Physiological changes in the Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis, as a bioindicator of air pollution in New Damietta City, Egypt. African J Biol Sci, 15 (1), 13-31.
- European Parliament and of the Council Directive, 2002: Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed - Council statement. European Union law, Off J. L: 140/10.
- Falandysz J, 1993: Some toxic and essential trace metals in cattle from the northern part of Poland. Sci Total Environ, 136, 177-191.
- Fletcher A, 1986: Renal disease in cattle. Part II. Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 8, 338–S344.
- Guitart R, Croubels S, Caloni F, Sachana M, Davanzo F, Vandenbroucke V, Berny P, 2010: Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 1: Farm livestock and poultry. Vet J, 183 (3), 249–254.
- Gupta RC, 2012: Aluminum. In: Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, Gupta RC (Ed), 2nd ed., 493-498, Academic Press.
- Hapke HJ, 1988: Quecksilber-Vergiftung. In: Toxikologie für Veterinärmediziner, Hapke HJ (Ed), 2nd ed., 259, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Hashemi M, 2018: Heavy metal concentrations in bovine tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) and their relationship with heavy metal contents in consumed feed. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 154, 263-267.
- Jorhem L, Slorach S, Sundström B, Ohlin B, 1991: Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in meat, liver and kidney of Swedish pigs and cattle in 1984–88. Food Addit Contam, 8 (2), 201–211.
- Kluge-Berge S, Skjerve E, Sivertsen T, Godal A, 1992: Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in Norwegian cattle and pigs. In: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Foodborne Infections and Intoxications, Berlin, pp. 745-748.
- Kocasari F, Yurdakul KO, Kart A, Yalcin H, Keyvan E, Bayezit M, 2016: Few heavy metal levels in certain tissues of cattle in Burdur of Turkey. Indian J Anim Res, 51 (4), 759-761.
- Kodrik L, Wagner L, Imre K, Polyak KF, Besenyei F, Husveth F, 2011: The effect of highway traffic on heavy metal content of cow milk and cheese. Hungarian J Indust Chem, 39 (1), 15-19.
- Koréneková B, Slalická M, Nad P, 2002: Concentration of some heavy metals in cattle reared in the vicinity of a metallurgic industry. Vet Arch, 72 (5), 259–267
- Kottferová J, Korĕneková B, 1995: The Effect of Emissions on Heavy Metals Concentrations in Cattle from the Area of an Industrial Plant in Slovakia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 29, 400-405.
- Krametter-Froetscher R, Tataruch F, Hauser S, Leschnik M, Url A, Baumgartner W, 2007: Toxic effects seen in a herd of beef cattle following exposure to ash residues contaminated by lead and mercury. Vet J, 174 (1), 99-105.
- Kreuzer W, Rosopulo A, Sell D, Frangenberg J, Koberstein S, 1988: Lead and cadmium contents in muscle, liver and kidneys of slaughter calves. 1. Calves from uncontaminated areas and/or farms that have passed meat inspection. Fleischwirtschaft, 68 (1), 101-108.
- Madero GA, Marrugo-Negrete JL, 2011: Detection of heavy metals in cattle, in the valleys of the Sinu and San Jorge rivers, department of Cordoba, Colombia. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 16 (1), 2391-2401.
- Meligy A, Al-Taher A, Ismail M, Al-Naeem A, El-Bahr S, El-Ghareeb W, 2019: Pesticides and Toxic Metals Residues in Muscle and Liver Tissues of Sheep, Cattle, and Dromedary Camel in Saudi Arabia. Slov Vet Res, 56 (22-Suppl), 157–66.
- Monies B, 1999: Arsenic poisoning in cattle. In Pract, 21, 602–607.
- Mushtaq A, Sajjad A, Ismail T, Ali O, 2024: Heavy metals accumulation in the meat, kidney and liver of cattle, broilers and goats sold in Quetta, northwestern city of Balochistan, Pakistan. Br Poult Sci, 65 (6), 740-750.
- Nawrocka A, Durkalec M, Szkoda J, Filipek A, Kmiecik M, Żmudzki J, Posyniak A, 2020: Total mercury levels in the muscle and liver of livestock and game animals in Poland, 2009-2018. Chemosphere, 258, 127311.
- Niemi A, Venalainen ER, Hirvi T, Hirn J, Karppanen E, 1991: The lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney from Finnish pigs and cattle during 1987–1988. Z Lebensm Unters Forch, 192, 427–429.
- Or B, 1996: Diş hekimliğinde arseniğin kullanım alanları ve arsenik zehirlenmeleri. Mezuniyet tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Oymak T, Ulusoy H, Hastaoğlu E, Yılmaz V, Yıldırım Ş, 2017: Some Heavy Metal Contents of Various Slaughtered Cattle Tissues in Sivas-Turkey. JOTCSA, 4 (3), 737–46.
- Özbolat G, Tuli A, 2016: Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Human Health. Aktd, 25 (4), 502-521. Pandey B, Agrawal M, Singh S, 2014: Coal mining activities change plant community structure due to air pollution and soil degradation. Ecotoxicology, 23, 1474–83.
- Patwa D, Muigai HH, Ravi K, Sreedeep S, Kalita P, 2022: A novel application of biochar produced from invasive weeds and industrial waste in thermal backfill for crude oil industries. Waste Biomass Valor, 13, 3025-3042.
- Payne J, Livesey C, 2010: Lead poisoning in cattle and sheep. In Practice, 32, 64–69.
- Penticoff HB, Fortin JS, 2023: Toxic/metabolic In Neurobiology of Brain Disorders, Zigmond MJ, Wiley CA, Chesselet MF (Ed), 2nd ed., 379–401, Academic Press, Cambridge.
- Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW, 2002: Doenças causadas por substâncias químicas inorgânicas e produtos químicos utilizados nas fazendas. In: Clínica Veterinária: um tratado de doenças dos bovinos, ovinos, suínos, caprinos e equinos, Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW (Eds), 1417–1471, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.
- Rodríguez-Marín N, Hardisson A, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Luis-González G, González-Weller D, Rubio C, Paz S, 2019: Toxic (Al, Cd, and Pb) and trace metal (B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn) levels in tissues of slaughtered steers: risk assessment for the consumers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 26 (28), 28787-28795.
- Salisbury CD, Chan W, Saschenbrecker PW, 1991: Multielement concentrations in liver and kidney tissues from five species of Canadian slaughter animals. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 74, 587–91.
- Samy A, Hassan HMA, Elsherif HMR, 2022: Effect of nano zinc oxide and traditional zinc (oxide and sulphate) sources on performance, bone characteristics and physiological parameters of broiler chicks. Int J Vet Sci, 11, 486-92.
- Sevostyanova O, Orobets V, Agarkov A, Fedota N, Klimanovich I, 2020: Aggregateresistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium; comparative effectiveness in poultry farming against the technological stress. Int J Vet Sci, 9 (1), 141–144.
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There are 63 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | TÜBİTAK 2209-A PROJE NO: 1919B012108462 ve MSKÜ BAP LÖKAP PROJE NO: 22/150/01/3/4. |
| Publication Date | June 19, 2025 |
| Submission Date | March 28, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 14, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
