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SOSYAL MEDYADA DEZENFORMASYON VE HALKLA İLİŞKİLER İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 303 - 322, 01.05.2021

Hicran Ilgın

Abstract

Bilgi doğası gereği doğruyu temsil edendir. Bugün ise literatürde “yanlış bilgi”, “yanıltıcı bilgi” “dezenformasyon” (bilgi çarpıtma) kavramlarıyla anılmaktadır. Paul Virilio’nun teknofobik yaklaşımıyla “Enformasyon Bombası” kitabında bahsettiği bilginin doğruluğunun tartışılırlığı ve kitle iletişim araçlarıyla yayılım hızıyla ilgili endişeleri bugün sosyal medya için de konuşulmaktadır. Sosyal medya bir bilgi üretim ve yayım alanı olarak tüm kurum ve kuruluşlar, devletler hatta siyasiler için bugün görece avantaj ve bununla birlikte dezavantajlar getirdiği bilinmektedir. Politik, ekonomik, siyasi alanları hedef alan dezenformasyon gazetecilik mesleği gibi halkla ilişkiler mesleğini de yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada dezenformasyon ve sosyal medyada dezenformasyon kavramları halkla ilişkiler alanıyla ilişkilendirilerek incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın metodolojisi literatür taramadır. Bu noktada sosyal medyanın gelişen ve değişen doğası gereği güncel yayınlardan elde edilen veriler ile söylenebilir ki halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcı bugün sosyal medya üzerinden oluşan dezenformasyonlara karşı kurumunu/kuruluşunu korumak için stratejiler geliştirmeli ve oluşabilecek sorunlara karşı doğru bilgilerin yayınlanması ve yayılması için gereken reaktif halkla ilişkiler stratejilerini proaktif halkla ilişkiler stratejileriyle ilişkilendirmelidir. Aynı zamanda dezenformasyonu bir halkla ilişkiler uygulama alanı olarak kullanan “sözde” halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcılarına karşı da bilgi sahibi olmalıdır.

Keywords

Sosyal Medya Dezenformasyon Halkla İlişkiler

References

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  • Bıçakçı, B. (2019). Post-Truth Çağında Halkla İlişkiler’in “Hakikat Yöneticiliği” Rolü: Gıda Ve Beslenme Alanındaki Yalan Haberlere Yönelik Stratejiler. Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 27(4), 61-78.
  • Bode, L. and Vraga, E. (2018) See something, say something: Correction of global health misinformation on social media. Health Communication, 33(9): 1131–1140.
  • Born, K., and Edgington, N. (2017). Analysis of philanthropic opportunities to mitigate the disinformation/propaganda problem. Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hewlett-Disinformation-Propaganda-Report.pdf.
  • Botan, C., and Taylor, M. (2004). Public relations: State of the field. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 645–661.
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi, (2020). https://twitter.com/bursabuyuksehir/status/1263789670942625794 erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Canlı, E. (2019). Barış Harekatı Aleyhine AA fotoğraflarıyla Manipülasyon Çabası. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/baris-pinari-harekati/baris-pinari-harekati-aleyhine-aa-fotografiyla-manipulasyon-cabasi-/1611224 erişim tarihi 11.01.2020.
  • Silvermen, C., Lytvynenko, J., Kung, W. (2020). Disinformation For Hire: How A New Breed Of PR Firms Is Selling Lies Online. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/disinformation-for-hire-black-pr-firms, erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Comm Pro Global (2020). Dark PR, https://www.commpro.biz/dark-pr-disinformation-for-hire/ erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Dinçer, Ömer ve Fidan, Yahya (1995). İşletme Yönetimine Giriş, İstanbul: İş Yayıncılık.
  • Fârte, G.I., Obadă, D.R. (2018). Reactive Public Relations Strategies for Managing Fake News in the Online Environment. Postmodern Openings, 9(2), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/16
  • Figueira, Á., and Oliveira, L. (2017). The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 817-825.
  • Gifford, J. (2010). Digital Public Relations: E-Marketing’s Big Secret. Continuing Higher Education Review, 74, 62-72.
  • Grunig, J.E. (2005). Halkla İlişkiler ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik. Rota Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • House of Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee (2018). Disinformation and “fake news”: Interim report: Government response to the Committee’s fifth report of session 2017–19. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/1630/1630.pdf.
  • Allcott, H. and Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211–236.
  • Institute of Public Relations (2019). 2019 IPR disinformation in society report: How Americans perceive deliberately misleading news or information Retrieved from https://instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Disinformation_Study_IPR-6-18-1014.pdf.
  • Jacques, T. (2010). Embedding issue management: From process to policy. In R. L. Heath (Ed.). The Sage handbook of public relations (pp. 435–446). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Colliander, J. (2019). “This is fake news”: Investigating the role of conformity to other users’ views, when commenting on and spreading disinformation in social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 202–215.
  • Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., Stukal, D., and Nyhan, B. (2018). Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature. Menlo Park, USA, Hewlett Foundation.
  • Posetti, J. and Matthews, A. (2018). A Short Guide To The History Of ’Fake News’ And Disinformation, A Learning Module For Journalists And Journalism Educators. International Center For Journalist, Washington. https://www.icfj.org/news/short-guide-history-fake-news-and-disinformation-new-icfj-learning-module.
  • Lazer, D. M. J., Baum, M., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F. (2018). The Science of Fake News. Science, 359(6380), 1094–1096. BABACAN, M. E. (2014). Sosyal Medya Sonrası Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler. Birey ve Toplum, 4(7), 135-160.
  • Jahnga, M. R., Leeb, H., Rochadiatc, A. (2020) . Public relations practitioners’ management of fake news: Exploring key elements and acts of information authentication. Public Relations Review, 46(2), 1-7. Aldwairi, M., Alwahedi, A. (2018). Detecting Fake News in Social Media Networks. Procedia Computer Science,141, 215–222.
  • Curtin, P. A. (1999) Reevaluating Public Relations Information Subsidies: Market-Driven Journalism and Agenda-Building Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11:1, 53-90, DOI: 10.1207/s1532754xjprr1101_03
  • Peltekoğlu, F. B. (2012). Halkla İlişkiler Nedir?, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Pew Research Center (2016). Many Americans believe fake news is sowing confusion. Retrieved from: http://www.journalism.org/2016/12/15/many-mericans-believefake-news-is-sowing-confusion/.
  • Pomerantsev, P., and Weiss, M. (2014). The menace of unreality: How the Kremlin weaponizes information, culture and money. New York: Institute of Modern Russia.
  • Papagiannopoulos, R. (2020). Public Relations pivotal role regarding alternative facts & fake news, https://www.prca.org.uk/PRFakeNews erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Bradshaw, S. and Howard P. N. (2018). The Global Organization Of Social Media Disinformation Campigns. Journal of International Affairs , 71(1/5), Special Issue: Contentious Narratives: Digital Technology And The Attack On Liberal Democratic Norms, 23-32.
  • Solmaz, B. (2006) Halkla İlişkilerde Proaktif ve Reaktif Halkla İlişkiler Stratejileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0(25), 143-154.
  • T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı, 2020, https://twitter.com/HmbSosyalMedya/status/1243436064024539138/photo/1 Erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Tandoc, E., Ling, R. and Westlund O., (2018). Audiences’ acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2745–2763.
  • Tandoc, E. C., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “fake news” a typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137–153.
  • Tucker, J., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature. Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.hewlett.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2018/03/Social-Media-Political-Polarization-and-Political-Disinformation-Literature-Review.pdf.
  • Turan, C. (2015). Açıklığın Yanılsaması: Dezenformasyon Çağımızın Kitle İmha Silahı mı?. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı, 4-6 Şubat 2015, Eskişehir. Türk Dil Kurumu, (2021). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi 07.01.2021.
  • Wardle, C. (2017). “Fake News.” It’s Complicated. https://medium.com/1st-draft/fake-newsits-complicated-d0f773766c79 Erişim Tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Zakrzewski, C., (2018). The Technology 202: Social media companies under pressure to share disinformation data with each other. The Washington Post. December 19 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-technology-202/2018/12/19/the-technology-202-social-media-companies-under-pressure-to-sharedisinformation Erişim tarihi 01.01.2021.

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 303 - 322, 01.05.2021

Hicran Ilgın

Abstract

References

  • Barfar, A. (2019). Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 173–179.
  • Bıçakçı, B. (2019). Post-Truth Çağında Halkla İlişkiler’in “Hakikat Yöneticiliği” Rolü: Gıda Ve Beslenme Alanındaki Yalan Haberlere Yönelik Stratejiler. Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 27(4), 61-78.
  • Bode, L. and Vraga, E. (2018) See something, say something: Correction of global health misinformation on social media. Health Communication, 33(9): 1131–1140.
  • Born, K., and Edgington, N. (2017). Analysis of philanthropic opportunities to mitigate the disinformation/propaganda problem. Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hewlett-Disinformation-Propaganda-Report.pdf.
  • Botan, C., and Taylor, M. (2004). Public relations: State of the field. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 645–661.
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi, (2020). https://twitter.com/bursabuyuksehir/status/1263789670942625794 erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Canlı, E. (2019). Barış Harekatı Aleyhine AA fotoğraflarıyla Manipülasyon Çabası. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/baris-pinari-harekati/baris-pinari-harekati-aleyhine-aa-fotografiyla-manipulasyon-cabasi-/1611224 erişim tarihi 11.01.2020.
  • Silvermen, C., Lytvynenko, J., Kung, W. (2020). Disinformation For Hire: How A New Breed Of PR Firms Is Selling Lies Online. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/disinformation-for-hire-black-pr-firms, erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Comm Pro Global (2020). Dark PR, https://www.commpro.biz/dark-pr-disinformation-for-hire/ erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Dinçer, Ömer ve Fidan, Yahya (1995). İşletme Yönetimine Giriş, İstanbul: İş Yayıncılık.
  • Fârte, G.I., Obadă, D.R. (2018). Reactive Public Relations Strategies for Managing Fake News in the Online Environment. Postmodern Openings, 9(2), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/16
  • Figueira, Á., and Oliveira, L. (2017). The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 817-825.
  • Gifford, J. (2010). Digital Public Relations: E-Marketing’s Big Secret. Continuing Higher Education Review, 74, 62-72.
  • Grunig, J.E. (2005). Halkla İlişkiler ve İletişim Yönetiminde Mükemmellik. Rota Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • House of Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee (2018). Disinformation and “fake news”: Interim report: Government response to the Committee’s fifth report of session 2017–19. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/1630/1630.pdf.
  • Allcott, H. and Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211–236.
  • Institute of Public Relations (2019). 2019 IPR disinformation in society report: How Americans perceive deliberately misleading news or information Retrieved from https://instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Disinformation_Study_IPR-6-18-1014.pdf.
  • Jacques, T. (2010). Embedding issue management: From process to policy. In R. L. Heath (Ed.). The Sage handbook of public relations (pp. 435–446). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Colliander, J. (2019). “This is fake news”: Investigating the role of conformity to other users’ views, when commenting on and spreading disinformation in social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 202–215.
  • Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., Stukal, D., and Nyhan, B. (2018). Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature. Menlo Park, USA, Hewlett Foundation.
  • Posetti, J. and Matthews, A. (2018). A Short Guide To The History Of ’Fake News’ And Disinformation, A Learning Module For Journalists And Journalism Educators. International Center For Journalist, Washington. https://www.icfj.org/news/short-guide-history-fake-news-and-disinformation-new-icfj-learning-module.
  • Lazer, D. M. J., Baum, M., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F. (2018). The Science of Fake News. Science, 359(6380), 1094–1096. BABACAN, M. E. (2014). Sosyal Medya Sonrası Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler. Birey ve Toplum, 4(7), 135-160.
  • Jahnga, M. R., Leeb, H., Rochadiatc, A. (2020) . Public relations practitioners’ management of fake news: Exploring key elements and acts of information authentication. Public Relations Review, 46(2), 1-7. Aldwairi, M., Alwahedi, A. (2018). Detecting Fake News in Social Media Networks. Procedia Computer Science,141, 215–222.
  • Curtin, P. A. (1999) Reevaluating Public Relations Information Subsidies: Market-Driven Journalism and Agenda-Building Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11:1, 53-90, DOI: 10.1207/s1532754xjprr1101_03
  • Peltekoğlu, F. B. (2012). Halkla İlişkiler Nedir?, Beta Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Pew Research Center (2016). Many Americans believe fake news is sowing confusion. Retrieved from: http://www.journalism.org/2016/12/15/many-mericans-believefake-news-is-sowing-confusion/.
  • Pomerantsev, P., and Weiss, M. (2014). The menace of unreality: How the Kremlin weaponizes information, culture and money. New York: Institute of Modern Russia.
  • Papagiannopoulos, R. (2020). Public Relations pivotal role regarding alternative facts & fake news, https://www.prca.org.uk/PRFakeNews erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Bradshaw, S. and Howard P. N. (2018). The Global Organization Of Social Media Disinformation Campigns. Journal of International Affairs , 71(1/5), Special Issue: Contentious Narratives: Digital Technology And The Attack On Liberal Democratic Norms, 23-32.
  • Solmaz, B. (2006) Halkla İlişkilerde Proaktif ve Reaktif Halkla İlişkiler Stratejileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0(25), 143-154.
  • T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı, 2020, https://twitter.com/HmbSosyalMedya/status/1243436064024539138/photo/1 Erişim tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Tandoc, E., Ling, R. and Westlund O., (2018). Audiences’ acts of authentication in the age of fake news: A conceptual framework. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2745–2763.
  • Tandoc, E. C., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “fake news” a typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137–153.
  • Tucker, J., Guess, A., Barberá, P., Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature. Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.hewlett.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2018/03/Social-Media-Political-Polarization-and-Political-Disinformation-Literature-Review.pdf.
  • Turan, C. (2015). Açıklığın Yanılsaması: Dezenformasyon Çağımızın Kitle İmha Silahı mı?. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı, 4-6 Şubat 2015, Eskişehir. Türk Dil Kurumu, (2021). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi 07.01.2021.
  • Wardle, C. (2017). “Fake News.” It’s Complicated. https://medium.com/1st-draft/fake-newsits-complicated-d0f773766c79 Erişim Tarihi 11.01.2021.
  • Zakrzewski, C., (2018). The Technology 202: Social media companies under pressure to share disinformation data with each other. The Washington Post. December 19 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-technology-202/2018/12/19/the-technology-202-social-media-companies-under-pressure-to-sharedisinformation Erişim tarihi 01.01.2021.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hicran Ilgın 0000-0002-0549-0710

Publication Date May 1, 2021
Submission Date January 18, 2021
Acceptance Date March 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ilgın, H. (2021). SOSYAL MEDYADA DEZENFORMASYON VE HALKLA İLİŞKİLER İLİŞKİSİ. İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 303-322.
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