Evaluation of Eating Behaviors in Adults with a Three-Factor Eating Scale According to Gender, Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

Halime Uğur; Hatice Parlak Başkurt; Neda Yousefirad Saleki; Ferdağ İpek Kılıç; Gözde Davu; Zehra Toy; Hilal Tuğçe Özkaynar

doi:10.38079/igusabder.1459455

Research Article

Evaluation of Eating Behaviors in Adults with a Three-Factor Eating Scale According to Gender, Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Issue: 25, 256 - 268, 29.04.2025

Halime Uğur , Hatice Parlak Başkurt , Neda Yousefirad Saleki , Ferdağ İpek Kılıç , Gözde Davu , Zehra Toy , Hilal Tuğçe Özkaynar

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1459455

Abstract

Aim: Eating behavior affects the development of obesity and related health problems and is related to individual and environmental factors. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between eating behaviors and characteristics such as gender, BMI, and frequency of physical activity.
Method: 436 participants aged 18-65 living in Istanbul were included in the study. Participants filled out a survey form containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits and the Three-Factor Eating Scale (TFEQ-R18) online. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 26 Statistical Package Program, and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: Female participants' cognitive restraint (p<0.05) and emotional eating (p<0.001) factor scores were found to be significantly higher than male participants. According to BMI classes, the cognitive restraint score of underweight participants was lower than all other groups, and the score of obese participants was lower than overweight participants (p<0.05). Obese participants had higher uncontrolled eating scores than normal and slightly obese participants, and hunger sensitivity scores were higher than normal weight participants (p<0.05). It was determined that the cognitive restraint score of those who performed physical activity 1-3 or 3-5 times a week was higher than those who did not perform physical activity (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Eating behaviors in adults may vary according to gender, BMI class and physical activity status. It is thought that determining these differences will be useful in better understanding eating behaviors and planning interventions for the negative effects of behaviors. It is thought that this study will contribute to understanding how eating behaviors assessed using the TFEQ-R18 vary according to gender, BMI classes and physical activity levels in the Turkish adult population.

Keywords

Feeding behavior, eating behavior, body mass index

References

1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Published March 2024. Accessed December 17, 2024.
2. Renner B, Sproesser G, Strohbach S, Schupp HT. Why we eat what we eat. The eating motivation survey (TEMS). Appetite. 2012;59(1):117-128.
3. LaCaille L, Eating Behavior. In: Gellman MD. ed. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer International Publishing. 2020:711-712. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1613.
4. Kıraç D, Kaspar EÇ. Avcılar T, et al. Obeziteyle ilişkili beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılmasında yeni bir yöntem “Üç faktörlü beslenme anketi.” Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2015;5(3):162-169.
5. Alım N, Karakaya R. Emotional eating behavior and obesity status of medical students in a University in Ankara. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;6:695-702. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-79394.
6. Sze KYP, Lee EKP, Chan RHW. Kim JH. Prevalence of negative emotional eating and its associated psychosocial factors among urban Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):583. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10531-3.
7. Yüksel E, Akil M. Adölesanların fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri ile obezite farkındalık düzeyleri ve beslenme davranışlarının incelenmesi. BSD. 2019;13(3):185-193.
8. Naing L, Winn T, Rusli BN. Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences. 2006;1:9-14.
9. TÜİK. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2022. İstatistiksel tablolar: İl. Yaş Grubu ve Cinsiyete Göre Nüfus. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=49685#:~:text=%C4%B0stanbul'un%20n%C3%BCfusu%2C%20bir%20%C3%B6nceki.4%20ki%C5%9Fi%20ile%20Antalya%20izledi. Published February 2023. Accessed March 22, 2024.
10. TÜİK. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022. İstatistiksel tablolar: İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflaması 1.Düzey’e Göre Hanelerde İnternet Erişim Oranı. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587. Published August 2024. Accessed May 13, 2024.
11. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Obezite. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/obezite. Accessed December 17, 2024.
12. Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint. Disinhibition and hunger. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1985;29(1):71-83. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90010-8.
13. Karlsson J, Persson LO, Sjöström L, Sullivan M. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Int J Obes. 2000;24(12):1715-1725. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801442.
14. Blandine de Lauzon, Romon M. Deschamps V, et al. The three-factor eating questionnaire-r18 is able to distinguish among different eating patterns in a general population. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004;134(9):2372-2380. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.9.2372.
15. World Health Organization. Obesıty: Preventing And Managıng The Global Epıdemıc. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42330. Puslished 2000. Accessed January 31, 2024.
16. Çat G, Yildirim İ. Ofis çalışanlarının yeme davranışları fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitelerinin incelenmesi. BSD. 2022;16(3):290-305.
17. De Lauzon-Guillain B, Romon M, Musher-Eizenman D, et al. Cognitive restraint. uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: Correlations between parent and adolescent. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2009;5(2):171-178. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00164.x.
18. Rasouli A, Moludi J, Foroumandi E, Shahsavari S, Ebrahimi B. Emotional eating in relation to anthropometric indices and dietary energy intake based on gender. MNM. 2019;12(2):131-139. doi: 10.3233/MNM-180247.
19. Pickett S, Burchenal CA, Haber L, Batten K, Phillips E. Understanding and effectively addressing disparities in obesity: A systematic review of the psychological determinants of emotional eating behaviours among Black women. Obesity Reviews. 2020;21(6):e13010. doi: 10.1111/obr.13010.
20. Järvelä-Reijonen E, Karhunen L, Sairanen E, et al. High perceived stress is associated with unfavorable eating behavior in overweight and obese Finns of working age. Appetite. 2016;103:249-258. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.023.
21. Tan CC, Chow CM. Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;66:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033.
22. Thompson SH, Romeo S. Gender and racial differences in emotional eating, food addiction symptom and body weight satisfaction among undergraduates. Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2015;2(2):93-98. doi: 10.15436/2376-0494.15.035.
23. Jáuregui-Lobera I, García-Cruz P, Carbonero-Carreño R, Magallares A, Ruiz-Prieto I. Psychometric properties of Spanish version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (Tfeq-Sp) and its relationship with some eating- and body image-related variables. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):5619-5635. doi: 10.3390/nu6125619.
24. Lesdéma A, Fromentin G, Daudin JJ, et al. Characterization of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores of a young French cohort. Appetite. 2012;59(2):385-390. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.027.
25. de Medeiros ACQ, Yamamoto ME, Pedrosa LFC, Hutz CS. The Brazilian version of the three-factor eating questionnaire-R21: Psychometric evaluation and scoring pattern. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22(1):169-175. doi: 10.1007/s40519-016-0256-x.
26. Zakhour M, Haddad C, Sacre H, et al. Differences in the Associations between body dissatisfaction and eating outcomes by gender? A Lebanese population study. Revue d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique. 2021;69(3):134-144. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.02.003.
27. Amoako M, Amoah-Agyei F, Du C, Fenton JI. Tucker RM. Emotional eating among Ghanaian University students: Associations with physical and mental health measures. Nutrients. 2023;15(6):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu15061526.
28. Şen G, Kabaran S. Beslenme durumunun duygusal yeme. Gece yeme ve uyku kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;7(3):284-295. doi: 10.30934/kusbed.952227.
29. Abdella HM, Elmabsout AA, Abdullatif A, et al. Influence of gender on the relationship between eating behaviors. Age and BMI in people in Benghazi. Benghazi. Libya. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences. 2023;1(2):57-65. doi: 10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(2).05.
30. Anglé S, Engblom J, Eriksson T, et al. Three factor eating questionnaire-R18 as a measure of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of young Finnish females. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2009;6(1):41. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-41.
31. Stapleton PB, Mackay E. Feeding feelings: Is there a relationship between emotional eating and body mass index in adults? International Journal of Healing and Caring. 2015;15(3):1-10.
32. Konttinen H, van Strien T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Haukkala A. Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: A population-based prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2019;16(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0791-8.
33. Du C, Adjepong M, Zan MCH, et al. Gender differences in the relationships between perceived stress, eating behaviors, sleep, dietary risk, and body mass index. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):1045. doi: 10.3390/nu14051045.
34. Löffler A, Luck T, Then FS, et al. Eating behaviour in the general population: An analysis of the factor structure of the German version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its association with the body mass index. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133977.
35. Harden CJ, Corfe BM, Richardson JC, Dettmar PW, Paxman JR. Body mass index and age affect Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores in male subjects. Nutrition Research. 2009;29(6):379-382. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.04.001.
36. Cornelis MC, Rimm EB, Curhan GC, et al. Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women. Obesity. 2014;22(5):E135-E141. doi: 10.1002/oby.20592.
37. Myers A, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell J. Associations among sedentary and active behaviours, body fat and appetite dysregulation: Investigating the myth of physical inactivity and obesity. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(21):1540-1544.
38. Martinez-Avila WD, Sanchez-Delgado G, Acosta FM, et al. Eating behavior, physical activity and exercise training: A randomized controlled trial in young healthy adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3685. doi: 10.3390/nu12123685.

Yetişkinlerde Yeme Davranışlarının, Cinsiyet, Beden Kütle İndeksi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumuna Göre Üç Faktörlü Yeme Ölçeği ile Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Issue: 25, 256 - 268, 29.04.2025

Halime Uğur , Hatice Parlak Başkurt , Neda Yousefirad Saleki , Ferdağ İpek Kılıç , Gözde Davu , Zehra Toy , Hilal Tuğçe Özkaynar

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1459455

Abstract

Amaç: Yeme davranışı, obezite ve ilişkili sağlık sorunlarının gelişimi üzerine etkili olup bireysel ve çevresel faktörlerle ilişkilidir. Çalışmanın amacı yeme davranışlarının cinsiyet, BKİ ve fiziksel aktivite sıklığı gibi özelliklerle ilişkisini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya İstanbul’da yaşayan 18-65 yaş arası 436 katılımcı alınmıştır. Katılımcılar, sosyodemografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıklarına dair sorular içeren bir anket formu ile Üç Faktörlü Yeme Ölçeğini (TFEQ-R18) çevrimiçi yöntem ile doldurmuştur. Veriler IBM SPSS 26 İstatistik Paket Programı ile analiz edilmiş, anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kadın katılımcıların bilişsel kısıtlama (p<0.05) ve duygusal yeme (p<0.001) faktörü puanı erkeklerden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. BKİ sınıflarına göre, zayıf katılımcıların bilişsel kısıtlama puanı, diğer tüm gruplardan daha düşük; obez katılımcıların puanı ise fazla kilolu olanlardan daha düşük saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Obez katılımcıların kontrolsüz yeme puanlarının, normal ve hafif şişman olan katılımcılardan daha yüksek; açlığa duyarlılık puanlarının ise normal ağırlıktaki katılımcılardan daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Haftada 1-3 veya 3-5 kez fiziksel aktivite yapanların bilişsel kısıtlama puanının aktivite yapmayanlardan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.001).
Sonuç: Yetişkinlerde yeme davranışları cinsiyete, BKİ sınıfına ve fiziksel aktivite durumuna göre değişebilmektedir. Bu farklılıkların belirlenmesinin, yeme davranışlarının daha iyi anlaşılması ve davranışların olumsuz etkilerine yönelik müdahalelerin planlanmasında faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın, TFEQ-R18 kullanılarak değerlendirilen yeme davranışlarının Türk yetişkin popülasyonunda cinsiyet, BKİ sınıfları ve fiziksel aktivite seviyelerine göre nasıl değiştiğini anlamaya katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Beslenme davranışı, yeme alışkanlığı, beden kütle indeksi

References

1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Published March 2024. Accessed December 17, 2024.
2. Renner B, Sproesser G, Strohbach S, Schupp HT. Why we eat what we eat. The eating motivation survey (TEMS). Appetite. 2012;59(1):117-128.
3. LaCaille L, Eating Behavior. In: Gellman MD. ed. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer International Publishing. 2020:711-712. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1613.
4. Kıraç D, Kaspar EÇ. Avcılar T, et al. Obeziteyle ilişkili beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılmasında yeni bir yöntem “Üç faktörlü beslenme anketi.” Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2015;5(3):162-169.
5. Alım N, Karakaya R. Emotional eating behavior and obesity status of medical students in a University in Ankara. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;6:695-702. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-79394.
6. Sze KYP, Lee EKP, Chan RHW. Kim JH. Prevalence of negative emotional eating and its associated psychosocial factors among urban Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):583. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10531-3.
7. Yüksel E, Akil M. Adölesanların fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri ile obezite farkındalık düzeyleri ve beslenme davranışlarının incelenmesi. BSD. 2019;13(3):185-193.
8. Naing L, Winn T, Rusli BN. Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences. 2006;1:9-14.
9. TÜİK. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2022. İstatistiksel tablolar: İl. Yaş Grubu ve Cinsiyete Göre Nüfus. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=49685#:~:text=%C4%B0stanbul'un%20n%C3%BCfusu%2C%20bir%20%C3%B6nceki.4%20ki%C5%9Fi%20ile%20Antalya%20izledi. Published February 2023. Accessed March 22, 2024.
10. TÜİK. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022. İstatistiksel tablolar: İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflaması 1.Düzey’e Göre Hanelerde İnternet Erişim Oranı. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587. Published August 2024. Accessed May 13, 2024.
11. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Obezite. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/obezite. Accessed December 17, 2024.
12. Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint. Disinhibition and hunger. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1985;29(1):71-83. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90010-8.
13. Karlsson J, Persson LO, Sjöström L, Sullivan M. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Int J Obes. 2000;24(12):1715-1725. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801442.
14. Blandine de Lauzon, Romon M. Deschamps V, et al. The three-factor eating questionnaire-r18 is able to distinguish among different eating patterns in a general population. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004;134(9):2372-2380. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.9.2372.
15. World Health Organization. Obesıty: Preventing And Managıng The Global Epıdemıc. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42330. Puslished 2000. Accessed January 31, 2024.
16. Çat G, Yildirim İ. Ofis çalışanlarının yeme davranışları fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitelerinin incelenmesi. BSD. 2022;16(3):290-305.
17. De Lauzon-Guillain B, Romon M, Musher-Eizenman D, et al. Cognitive restraint. uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: Correlations between parent and adolescent. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2009;5(2):171-178. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00164.x.
18. Rasouli A, Moludi J, Foroumandi E, Shahsavari S, Ebrahimi B. Emotional eating in relation to anthropometric indices and dietary energy intake based on gender. MNM. 2019;12(2):131-139. doi: 10.3233/MNM-180247.
19. Pickett S, Burchenal CA, Haber L, Batten K, Phillips E. Understanding and effectively addressing disparities in obesity: A systematic review of the psychological determinants of emotional eating behaviours among Black women. Obesity Reviews. 2020;21(6):e13010. doi: 10.1111/obr.13010.
20. Järvelä-Reijonen E, Karhunen L, Sairanen E, et al. High perceived stress is associated with unfavorable eating behavior in overweight and obese Finns of working age. Appetite. 2016;103:249-258. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.023.
21. Tan CC, Chow CM. Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;66:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033.
22. Thompson SH, Romeo S. Gender and racial differences in emotional eating, food addiction symptom and body weight satisfaction among undergraduates. Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2015;2(2):93-98. doi: 10.15436/2376-0494.15.035.
23. Jáuregui-Lobera I, García-Cruz P, Carbonero-Carreño R, Magallares A, Ruiz-Prieto I. Psychometric properties of Spanish version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (Tfeq-Sp) and its relationship with some eating- and body image-related variables. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):5619-5635. doi: 10.3390/nu6125619.
24. Lesdéma A, Fromentin G, Daudin JJ, et al. Characterization of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores of a young French cohort. Appetite. 2012;59(2):385-390. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.027.
25. de Medeiros ACQ, Yamamoto ME, Pedrosa LFC, Hutz CS. The Brazilian version of the three-factor eating questionnaire-R21: Psychometric evaluation and scoring pattern. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22(1):169-175. doi: 10.1007/s40519-016-0256-x.
26. Zakhour M, Haddad C, Sacre H, et al. Differences in the Associations between body dissatisfaction and eating outcomes by gender? A Lebanese population study. Revue d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique. 2021;69(3):134-144. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.02.003.
27. Amoako M, Amoah-Agyei F, Du C, Fenton JI. Tucker RM. Emotional eating among Ghanaian University students: Associations with physical and mental health measures. Nutrients. 2023;15(6):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu15061526.
28. Şen G, Kabaran S. Beslenme durumunun duygusal yeme. Gece yeme ve uyku kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;7(3):284-295. doi: 10.30934/kusbed.952227.
29. Abdella HM, Elmabsout AA, Abdullatif A, et al. Influence of gender on the relationship between eating behaviors. Age and BMI in people in Benghazi. Benghazi. Libya. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences. 2023;1(2):57-65. doi: 10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(2).05.
30. Anglé S, Engblom J, Eriksson T, et al. Three factor eating questionnaire-R18 as a measure of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of young Finnish females. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2009;6(1):41. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-41.
31. Stapleton PB, Mackay E. Feeding feelings: Is there a relationship between emotional eating and body mass index in adults? International Journal of Healing and Caring. 2015;15(3):1-10.
32. Konttinen H, van Strien T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Haukkala A. Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: A population-based prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2019;16(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0791-8.
33. Du C, Adjepong M, Zan MCH, et al. Gender differences in the relationships between perceived stress, eating behaviors, sleep, dietary risk, and body mass index. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):1045. doi: 10.3390/nu14051045.
34. Löffler A, Luck T, Then FS, et al. Eating behaviour in the general population: An analysis of the factor structure of the German version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Its association with the body mass index. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133977.
35. Harden CJ, Corfe BM, Richardson JC, Dettmar PW, Paxman JR. Body mass index and age affect Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores in male subjects. Nutrition Research. 2009;29(6):379-382. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.04.001.
36. Cornelis MC, Rimm EB, Curhan GC, et al. Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women. Obesity. 2014;22(5):E135-E141. doi: 10.1002/oby.20592.
37. Myers A, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell J. Associations among sedentary and active behaviours, body fat and appetite dysregulation: Investigating the myth of physical inactivity and obesity. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(21):1540-1544.
38. Martinez-Avila WD, Sanchez-Delgado G, Acosta FM, et al. Eating behavior, physical activity and exercise training: A randomized controlled trial in young healthy adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3685. doi: 10.3390/nu12123685.

There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Nutritional Science
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Halime Uğur 0000-0002-2932-4215 Hatice Parlak Başkurt 0000-0001-7399-2504 Neda Yousefirad Saleki 0000-0003-1141-5730 Ferdağ İpek Kılıç 0009-0000-6094-5143 Gözde Davu 0009-0000-4260-9808 Zehra Toy 0009-0005-3145-7091 Hilal Tuğçe Özkaynar 0009-0009-5218-1986
Early Pub Date	April 29, 2025
Publication Date	April 29, 2025
Submission Date	May 24, 2024
Acceptance Date	February 24, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Issue: 25

Cite

JAMA	Uğur H, Parlak Başkurt H, Yousefirad Saleki N, Kılıç Fİ, Davu G, Toy Z, Özkaynar HT. Evaluation of Eating Behaviors in Adults with a Three-Factor Eating Scale According to Gender, Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Status: A Cross-Sectional Study. IGUSABDER. 2025;:256–268.

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