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Emzirme Döneminde Gebe Kalan Kadınların Emzirme Tutumları

Year 2025, Issue: 25, 153 - 165, 29.04.2025

Emine Aksüt Akçay , Demet Çakır

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1616050

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, emzirme döneminde gebelik yaşamış kadınların tutumlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışmada kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bir araştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 22 Mart 2022 ile 1 Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında bir şehir merkezindeki hastanenin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğine gebelik muayenesi için başvuran 144 emzirme dönemindeki gebe kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği” veri toplama araçları kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin çoğunluğu (%49,3) 18-25 yaş grubunda olup, yaş ortalaması 26,34±5,59'dur. Gebelerin %29.8'inin ilkokul mezunu olduğu, %85,4'ünün çalışmadığı, %57,7'sinin ilçede yaşadığı ve %64,6'sının çekirdek ailede yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Gebelik sayısı 2-3 olan, yaşayan 1 çocuğu olan, daha önce normal doğum yapmış olan, daha önce kız bebek doğurmuş olan, daha önce erkek bebek doğurmuş olan ve gebeliği ile önceki doğumu arasında 17 ay ve daha fazla süre olan gebelerin Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları daha yüksektir. Ayrıca doğum şekli, bebeğin cinsiyeti, gebeliğin planlı olma durumu, bu gebelik ile bir önceki doğum arasında geçen süre ile Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Yaşanılan yer, bebeğin cinsiyeti ve bu gebeliğin planlı olup olmaması değişkenlerinin emzirme tutumu üzerinde anlamlı yordayıcılar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebeliği planlı olan ve şehir merkezinde yaşayan gebelerin emzirmeye yönelik tutumlarının anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışmada, emzirme döneminde gebelik yaşayan kadınların emzirmeye yönelik tutumlarının bebeğin cinsiyeti, ikamet yeri ve planlanan gebelik durumundan etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Emzirme döneminde gebelik yaşayan kadınlarda emzirme tutumunun arttırılması için özellikle kırsal bölgelerde ikamet eden kadınlara üreme sağlığı eğitimleri düzenlenerek gebeliklerinin planlı olması sağlanmalıdır.

Keywords

Laktasyon gebelik tutum

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and Young Child Feeding; 2020. Accessed March 15, 2024 URL:https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/infant-andyoungchildfeeding,2020.
  • 2. Minh LHN, Tawfik GM, Ghozy S, et al. Feto-maternal outcomes of breastfeeding during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J of Tropical Pediatrics. 2021;67(6):fmab097. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmab097.
  • 3. Breastfeeding. The United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Published date 2020. Accessed March 25, 2024. URL:http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24824.html, 2020.
  • 4. Infant and young child feeding: Global Database. The United Nations Chilren’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF); Published date 2021. Accessed March 28, 2024. URL:https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding/,2021.
  • 5. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA) 2018. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü; Published date 2018. Accesses March 28, 2024. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf, 2018.
  • 6. Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Jankowski J, et al. Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the development of children’s cognitive function in the Krakow prospective birth cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2012;171(1):151-158.
  • 7. Stalimerou V, Dagla M, Vivilaki V, Orovou E, Antoniou E, Iliadou M. Breastfeeding during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Maedica. 2023 Sep;18(3):463-469. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.3.463.
  • 8. Ezenduka PO, Ndie EC, Nwankwo CU. Weaning practices among breastfeeding mothers local communities of Enugu State Nigeria. Clinics Mother Child Health. 2018;15:293. doi: 10.4172/2090-7214.1000293.
  • 9. Pareja RG, Marquis GS, Penny ME, Dixon PM. A case-control study to examine the association between breastfeeding during late pregnancy and risk of a small-forgestational-age birth in Lima, Peru. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11(2):190-201.
  • 10. Madarshahian F, Hassanabadi M. A comparative study of breastfeeding during pregnancy: impact on maternal and newborn outcomes. J Nurs Res. 2012;20:74–80.
  • 11. Onwudiegwu U. Is breastfeeding during pregnancy harmful? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;20(2):157.
  • 12. Shaaban OM, Abbas AM, Abdel Hafiz HA, Abdelrahaman AS, Rashwan M, Othman ER. Effect of pregnancy-lactation overlap on the current pregnancy outcome in women with substandard nutrition: a prospective cohort study. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2015;7(4):213–21
  • 13. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988.
  • 14. Arslan H. Emzirme tutumunu değerlendirme ölçeği geliştirme. Hemşirelik Forumu. 1999;2(3):132-136.
  • 15. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson, 2013
  • 16. Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2019: Increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes. World Health Organization (WHO). Updated July 23 2019. Accesses March 25, 2024. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization,3-4. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-19.22.
  • 17. Koruk İ, Gökçeoğlu S, Allahverdi Ş, Kuzan R. Level of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months in 0-24 month infants and children in a family health center in Şanlıurfa and the factors affecting it. J of Health Science Research. 2019;4(1):1-11. doi: 10.18311/jhsr/2019/23330.
  • 18. Huang Y, Ouyang YQ, Redding SR. Previous breastfeeding experience and its influence on breastfeeding outcomes in subsequent births: a systematic review. Women and Birth. 2019;32(4):303-309. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.09.003.
  • 19. Doğancı P. Gebelikte emzirmenin sürdürülmesine ilişkin annelerin düşünce ve davranışları, [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doğum-Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Programı, Aydın, 2020.
  • 20. Molitoris J. Breast‐feeding during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2019;51(3):153-163. doi: 10.1363/psrh.12120.
  • 21. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (2018). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf. Published date 2018. Accessed March 30, 2024.
  • 22. Çınar N, Suzan ÖK, Topal S, Pekşen S. Mothers' breastfeeding attitudes when lactation overlaps with a new pregnancy. Malawi Med J. 2022;34(1):53-59. doi: 10.4314/mmj.v34i1.10.
  • 23. López-Fernández G, Barrios M, Goberna-Tricas J, Gómez-Benito J. Breastfeeding during pregnancy: a systematic review. Women and Birth. 2017;30(6):e292-e300. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.05.008.
  • 24. Rahmawati SA. Exploring impacts of breastfeeding during pregnancy to the mother in Indonesian society. International J of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020;12(4). doi: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.060.
  • 25. Ayrim A, Gunduz S, Akcal B, Kafali H. Breastfeeding throughout pregnancy in Turkish women. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2014;9(3):157–160. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0086.
  • 26. Säilävaara J. Long-term breastfeeding: the embodied experiences of Finnish mothers. NORA-Nordic J of Feminist and Gender Research. 2020;28(1):43-55. doi: 10.1080/08038740.2019.1694581.
  • 27. Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ünsal Atan Ş, Kavlak O. Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların emzirme tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;8(1):27-35.
  • 28. Gölbaşı Z, Koç G. Breastfeeding behaviour of women during postpartum first six months and effect of prenatal breastfeeding attitude on postpartum breastfeeding. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;15(1):1631.
  • 29. Yiğitbaş Ç, Kahriman İ, Çalık KY, Bulut HK. About the breast-feeding attitudes and behaviour of the mothers that gave birth in hospitals in Trabzon. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012;1(2):49-60.

Breastfeeding Attitudes of Women Who Get Pregnant During the Lactation Period

Year 2025, Issue: 25, 153 - 165, 29.04.2025

Emine Aksüt Akçay , Demet Çakır

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1616050

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding attitudes of women who became pregnant while still lactating.
Method: The study used a cross-sectional and descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 144 pregnant women who were in the lactation period and were admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic of a hospital in a city center for pregnancy examination between March 22, 2022, and July 1, 2022. The data were collected by face-to-face interview method, using the "Personal Information Form" and the "Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale (BAES)" data collection instruments.
Results: The majority of pregnant women (49.3%) were in the 18-25 age group, with a mean age of 26.34±5.59 years. It was found that 29.8% of the pregnant women were primary school graduates, 85.4% were unemployed, 57.7% were living in the district, and 64.6% living in a nuclear family. Pregnant women with 2–3 previous pregnancies, one living child, a prior vaginal delivery, a history of giving birth to both a girl and a boy, and an interpregnancy interval of 17 months or more had higher average BAES total scores. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant difference between mode of delivery, the baby's gender, whether the pregnancy was planned, the time between this and the previous pregnancy, and the BAES total score (p < 0.05). It was determined that the variables of place of residence, gender of the baby, and whether this pregnancy was planned were significant predictors of BAES. It was found that the attitudes toward breastfeeding of pregnant women who had planned pregnancy and who were living in the city center were significantly higher.
Conclusion: The study showed that the attitudes toward breastfeeding among women who experienced pregnancy during the lactation period were influenced by several factors, including the sex of the baby, place of residence, and planned pregnancy status. In order to improve the breastfeeding attitudes of women who become pregnant during the lactation period, reproductive health training should be organized especially for women living in rural areas and their pregnancies should be planned.

Keywords

Lactation pregnancy attitude

Ethical Statement

Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Klinik Olmayan Etik Kurul'dan karar no 1673/95 ile alınmıştır.

Thanks

Çalışmamızı destekleyen gebelere teşekkür ederiz

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and Young Child Feeding; 2020. Accessed March 15, 2024 URL:https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/infant-andyoungchildfeeding,2020.
  • 2. Minh LHN, Tawfik GM, Ghozy S, et al. Feto-maternal outcomes of breastfeeding during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J of Tropical Pediatrics. 2021;67(6):fmab097. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmab097.
  • 3. Breastfeeding. The United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Published date 2020. Accessed March 25, 2024. URL:http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24824.html, 2020.
  • 4. Infant and young child feeding: Global Database. The United Nations Chilren’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF); Published date 2021. Accessed March 28, 2024. URL:https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding/,2021.
  • 5. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA) 2018. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü; Published date 2018. Accesses March 28, 2024. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf, 2018.
  • 6. Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Jankowski J, et al. Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the development of children’s cognitive function in the Krakow prospective birth cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2012;171(1):151-158.
  • 7. Stalimerou V, Dagla M, Vivilaki V, Orovou E, Antoniou E, Iliadou M. Breastfeeding during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Maedica. 2023 Sep;18(3):463-469. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.3.463.
  • 8. Ezenduka PO, Ndie EC, Nwankwo CU. Weaning practices among breastfeeding mothers local communities of Enugu State Nigeria. Clinics Mother Child Health. 2018;15:293. doi: 10.4172/2090-7214.1000293.
  • 9. Pareja RG, Marquis GS, Penny ME, Dixon PM. A case-control study to examine the association between breastfeeding during late pregnancy and risk of a small-forgestational-age birth in Lima, Peru. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11(2):190-201.
  • 10. Madarshahian F, Hassanabadi M. A comparative study of breastfeeding during pregnancy: impact on maternal and newborn outcomes. J Nurs Res. 2012;20:74–80.
  • 11. Onwudiegwu U. Is breastfeeding during pregnancy harmful? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;20(2):157.
  • 12. Shaaban OM, Abbas AM, Abdel Hafiz HA, Abdelrahaman AS, Rashwan M, Othman ER. Effect of pregnancy-lactation overlap on the current pregnancy outcome in women with substandard nutrition: a prospective cohort study. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2015;7(4):213–21
  • 13. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988.
  • 14. Arslan H. Emzirme tutumunu değerlendirme ölçeği geliştirme. Hemşirelik Forumu. 1999;2(3):132-136.
  • 15. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson, 2013
  • 16. Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2019: Increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes. World Health Organization (WHO). Updated July 23 2019. Accesses March 25, 2024. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization,3-4. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-19.22.
  • 17. Koruk İ, Gökçeoğlu S, Allahverdi Ş, Kuzan R. Level of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months in 0-24 month infants and children in a family health center in Şanlıurfa and the factors affecting it. J of Health Science Research. 2019;4(1):1-11. doi: 10.18311/jhsr/2019/23330.
  • 18. Huang Y, Ouyang YQ, Redding SR. Previous breastfeeding experience and its influence on breastfeeding outcomes in subsequent births: a systematic review. Women and Birth. 2019;32(4):303-309. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.09.003.
  • 19. Doğancı P. Gebelikte emzirmenin sürdürülmesine ilişkin annelerin düşünce ve davranışları, [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doğum-Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Programı, Aydın, 2020.
  • 20. Molitoris J. Breast‐feeding during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2019;51(3):153-163. doi: 10.1363/psrh.12120.
  • 21. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (2018). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf. Published date 2018. Accessed March 30, 2024.
  • 22. Çınar N, Suzan ÖK, Topal S, Pekşen S. Mothers' breastfeeding attitudes when lactation overlaps with a new pregnancy. Malawi Med J. 2022;34(1):53-59. doi: 10.4314/mmj.v34i1.10.
  • 23. López-Fernández G, Barrios M, Goberna-Tricas J, Gómez-Benito J. Breastfeeding during pregnancy: a systematic review. Women and Birth. 2017;30(6):e292-e300. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.05.008.
  • 24. Rahmawati SA. Exploring impacts of breastfeeding during pregnancy to the mother in Indonesian society. International J of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020;12(4). doi: 10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.060.
  • 25. Ayrim A, Gunduz S, Akcal B, Kafali H. Breastfeeding throughout pregnancy in Turkish women. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2014;9(3):157–160. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0086.
  • 26. Säilävaara J. Long-term breastfeeding: the embodied experiences of Finnish mothers. NORA-Nordic J of Feminist and Gender Research. 2020;28(1):43-55. doi: 10.1080/08038740.2019.1694581.
  • 27. Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ünsal Atan Ş, Kavlak O. Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların emzirme tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;8(1):27-35.
  • 28. Gölbaşı Z, Koç G. Breastfeeding behaviour of women during postpartum first six months and effect of prenatal breastfeeding attitude on postpartum breastfeeding. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;15(1):1631.
  • 29. Yiğitbaş Ç, Kahriman İ, Çalık KY, Bulut HK. About the breast-feeding attitudes and behaviour of the mothers that gave birth in hospitals in Trabzon. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012;1(2):49-60.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Midwifery
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emine Aksüt Akçay 0000-0002-2056-4597

Demet Çakır 0000-0003-4794-516X

Early Pub Date April 29, 2025
Publication Date April 29, 2025
Submission Date January 8, 2025
Acceptance Date March 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 25

Cite

JAMA Aksüt Akçay E, Çakır D. Breastfeeding Attitudes of Women Who Get Pregnant During the Lactation Period. IGUSABDER. 2025;:153–165.
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