Research Article
Determination of Intercultural Sensitivity and Empathic Tendency Levels of International Nursing Students
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the intercultural sensitivity and empathic tendencies of international nursing students.
Method: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, and the sample consisted of 89 students from the nursing department of a university. The data collection tools used were the participants' personal information form, the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, and the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale. Data were collected between November 25, 2023, and November 30, 2024.
Results: The study participants had a mean Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale score of 89.83±12.39 and 110.70±13.46, respectively. There was a positive correlation between intercultural sensitivity and multidimensional emotional empathy scale scores (p<.001).
Conclusion: This study showed that empathy skills play an important role in intercultural interactions and support students in communicating effectively with different cultures. Therefore, it is important to develop programs that focus on empathy and cultural awareness in nursing education.
References
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- 4. McKenna L, Robinson E, Penman J, Hills D. Factors impacting on psychological wellbeing of international students in the health professions: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017;74:85-94.
- 5. Osokpo O, Riegel B. Cultural factors influencing self-care by persons with cardiovascular disease: An integrative review. ınternational Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021;116:103383. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.014.
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- 9. Alici NK. Cultural sensitivity and attitudes towards refugees of Turkish nursing students: A cross sectional descriptive study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2021;80:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.10.011.
- 10. Liang HF, Wu KM, Hung CC, Wang YH, Chen YC. Evaluation of nursing students’ perceptions of their cultural care competency: A mixed method study in Taiwan. Nurse Education in Practice. 2019;41:102639. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102639.
- 11. Albougami AS, Pounds KG, Alotaibi JS. Comparison of four cultural competence models in transcultural nursing: A discussion paper. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care. 2016;2(4):1-5. doi:10.23937/2469-5823/1510053.
- 12. Tortumluoğlu G, Okanli A, Ozyazicioglu N, Akyil R. Defining cultural diversities experienced in patient care by nursing students in eastern Turkey. Nurse Education Today. 2006;26:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2005.08.008 .
- 13. Morgan S, Yoder LH. A concept analysis of person-centered care. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2012;30(1):6-15. doi: 10.1177/0898010111412189.
- 14. Kimberly A. Promoting cultural competence in nursing strategies for providing ınclusive patient care. Journal of Advanced Practices in Nursing. 2023;8(6):351.
- 15. Chen H, Hu B. On the intercultural sensitivity of university students in multicultural regions: A case study in Macao. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;14:1090775. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090775.
- 16. Tanrıverdi G. Hemşirelerin kültürel yeterli bakım için uygulama standartlarına yaklaşımları. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;31(3):37-52.
- 17. Cipta DA, Andoko D, Theja A, et al. Culturally sensitive patient-centered healthcare: A focus on health behavior modification in low and middle-income nations-insights from Indonesia. Frontiers in Medicine. 2024;11:1353037. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1353037.
- 18. Kaçan CY, Örsal Ö. Effects of transcultural nursing education on the professional values, empathic skills, cultural sensitivity and ıntelligence of students. J Community Health Nurs. 2020;37(2):65-76. doi:10.1080/07370016.2020.1736374.
- 19. Chen GM, Starosta W. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication. 2000; 3(1): 2-14.
- 20. Bulduk S, Tosun A, Ardıç E. Türkçe kültürlerarası duyarlılık ölçeğinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde ölçümsel özellikleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics. 2011;19(1):25-31.
- 21. Caruso DR, Mayer JD. A measure of emotional empathy for adolescents and adults. Res Instit Centres Programs. 1998;1(1):713‐726.
- 22. Turan N, Durgun H, Kaya H, Aştı T. Turkish adaptation of the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale: A validity and reliability study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(2):455-462. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12616.
- 23. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin N, eds. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014.
- 24. Turale S, Kunaviktikul W, Mesukko J. Giving undergraduate nursing students international experiences: Issues and strategies. Nurs Health Sci. 2020;22(3):830-836. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12722.
- 25. Kalbarczyk A, Nagourney E, Martin NA, Chen V, Hansoti B. Are you ready? A systematic review of pre-departure resources for global health electives. BMC Medical Education. 2019;19:166. doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1586-y.
- 26. Yurttaş A, Aras GN. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları ile empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;2(3):117-125.
- 27. Hergül FK, Gök F, İpiçürük HG. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences. 2022;7(1):228-240.
- 28. Can Gür G, Yılmaz E. The Effect of ıntercultural nursing training on nursing students’ ıntercultural sensitivity and empathic tendency level: Randomised controlled trial. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10(1):130-7.
- 29. Çetişli EN, Işık G, Öztornacı ÖB, et al. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin empati düzeylerine göre kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;1:27-33.
- 30. Kılıç Parlar S. Sevinç S. The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2017;1-8.
- 31. Lee J, Song J. Developing intercultural competence through study abroad, telecollaboration, and on-campus language study. Language Learning & Technology. 2019;23(3):178-198.
- 32. Aslan S, Yılmaz D, Kartal M, Erdemir F, Güleç HY. Determination of intercultural sensitivity of nursing students in Turkey. Education. 2016;3(4): 202-208.
- 33. Bekiroğlu O, Balcı Ş. Looking for the clues of sensitivity of ıntercultural communication: A survey on the sample of communication faculty students. Türkiyat Dergisi. 2014; 429-459.
- 34. Meydanlıoğlu A, Arikan F, Gozum S. Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2015;20(5):1195-1204. doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z.
- 35. Ferri P, Rovesti S, Bonetti L, Stifani S, Panzera N, Di Lorenzo R. Evaluation of empathy among undergraduate nursing students: A three-year longitudinal study. Acta Biomed. 2019;90(11-S):98-107. doi: 10.23750/abm.v90i11-S.8874.
- 36. İster ED, Altınbaş Y. Empathic tendency and affecting factors in nursing students. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Science. 2016;3(4):306-312. doi: 10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.4.49.
- 37. Brunero S, Cowan D, Chaniang S, Lamont S. Empathy education in post-graduate nurses: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;112:105338.
- 38. Cho MK, Kim MY. Effectiveness of simulation-based interventions on empathy enhancement among nursing students: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):319. 11. doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01944-7.
- 39. Lin MF, Hsu WS, Huang MC, Su YH, Crawford P, Tang CC. I couldn't even talk to the patient: Barriers to communicating with cancer patients as perceived by nursing students. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(4):10.1111/ecc.12648. doi:10.1111/ecc.12648.
- 40. Zhang YSD, Noels KA. Cultural empathy in intercultural interactions: The development and validation of the intercultural empathy index. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2023;45(10):4572–4590. doi: 10.1080/01434632.2023.2173759.
- 41. Çingöl N, Karakaş M, Çelebi E, Zengin S. Determining the effect of an intercultural nursing course on empathic skill and intercultural sensitivity levels: An intervention study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;99:104782. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104782.
- 42. Ryu, EJ. Predictors of intercultural sensitivity and cultural empathy on multicultural acceptance in nursing students. Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine. 2022;10(2):125-134.
Uluslararası Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık ve Empatik Eğilim Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve empatik eğilim düzeylerini belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çalışma olup, örneklemini bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde okuyan 89 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak katılımcıların kişisel bilgi formu, Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Duygusal Empati Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 25 Kasım 2023 ile 30 Kasım 2024 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma katılımcılarının ortalama Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Duygusal Empati Ölçeği puanı sırasıyla 89,83±12,39 ve 110,70±13,46’ydı. Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Duygusal Empati Ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, empati becerilerinin kültürlerarası etkileşimlerde önemli bir rol oynadığını ve öğrencilerin farklı kültürlerle etkili iletişim kurmasını desteklediğini göstermektedir. Hemşirelik eğitiminde, empati ve kültürel farkındalık odaklı programların geliştirilmesi önemlidir.
References
- 1. Tuzcu A, Bademli K, Kırca N, Günbayı İ. Uluslararası hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eğitim sürecine ilişkin görüşleri: Fenomenolojik bir araştırma. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;10(1):100-107.
- 2. Yükseköğretim Kurumu. Yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşma ve Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin uluslararası görünürlüğü çalıştayı. Yükseköğretim Kurumu. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2022/yuksekogretimde-uluslararasilasma-ve-turkiye-deki-universitelerin-uluslararasi-gorunurlulugunu-artirma-calistayi.aspx. Published November 2022. Accessed November 20, 2024.
- 3. Akıncı B, Nergiz A, Gedik E. Uyum süreci üzerine bir değerlendirme: Göç ve toplumsal kabul. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;1(2):58-83.
- 4. McKenna L, Robinson E, Penman J, Hills D. Factors impacting on psychological wellbeing of international students in the health professions: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017;74:85-94.
- 5. Osokpo O, Riegel B. Cultural factors influencing self-care by persons with cardiovascular disease: An integrative review. ınternational Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021;116:103383. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.014.
- 6. Verbunt E, Luke J, Paradies Y, et al. Cultural determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people – A narrative overview of reviews. Int J Equity Health. 2021;20: 181. doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01514-2.
- 7. Yurdagül G, Tosun N. Hemşirelerin kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve empatik eğilim düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Eurasia Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities. 2023;10(33):38-46.
- 8. Gradellini C, Gómez-Cantarino S, Dominguez-Isabel P, Molina-Gallego B, Mecugni D, Ugarte-Gurrutxaga MI. Cultural competence and cultural sensitivity education in university nursing courses. A scoping review. Front. Psychol. 2021;12:682920. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682920 .
- 9. Alici NK. Cultural sensitivity and attitudes towards refugees of Turkish nursing students: A cross sectional descriptive study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2021;80:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.10.011.
- 10. Liang HF, Wu KM, Hung CC, Wang YH, Chen YC. Evaluation of nursing students’ perceptions of their cultural care competency: A mixed method study in Taiwan. Nurse Education in Practice. 2019;41:102639. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102639.
- 11. Albougami AS, Pounds KG, Alotaibi JS. Comparison of four cultural competence models in transcultural nursing: A discussion paper. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care. 2016;2(4):1-5. doi:10.23937/2469-5823/1510053.
- 12. Tortumluoğlu G, Okanli A, Ozyazicioglu N, Akyil R. Defining cultural diversities experienced in patient care by nursing students in eastern Turkey. Nurse Education Today. 2006;26:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2005.08.008 .
- 13. Morgan S, Yoder LH. A concept analysis of person-centered care. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2012;30(1):6-15. doi: 10.1177/0898010111412189.
- 14. Kimberly A. Promoting cultural competence in nursing strategies for providing ınclusive patient care. Journal of Advanced Practices in Nursing. 2023;8(6):351.
- 15. Chen H, Hu B. On the intercultural sensitivity of university students in multicultural regions: A case study in Macao. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;14:1090775. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090775.
- 16. Tanrıverdi G. Hemşirelerin kültürel yeterli bakım için uygulama standartlarına yaklaşımları. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;31(3):37-52.
- 17. Cipta DA, Andoko D, Theja A, et al. Culturally sensitive patient-centered healthcare: A focus on health behavior modification in low and middle-income nations-insights from Indonesia. Frontiers in Medicine. 2024;11:1353037. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1353037.
- 18. Kaçan CY, Örsal Ö. Effects of transcultural nursing education on the professional values, empathic skills, cultural sensitivity and ıntelligence of students. J Community Health Nurs. 2020;37(2):65-76. doi:10.1080/07370016.2020.1736374.
- 19. Chen GM, Starosta W. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication. 2000; 3(1): 2-14.
- 20. Bulduk S, Tosun A, Ardıç E. Türkçe kültürlerarası duyarlılık ölçeğinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde ölçümsel özellikleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics. 2011;19(1):25-31.
- 21. Caruso DR, Mayer JD. A measure of emotional empathy for adolescents and adults. Res Instit Centres Programs. 1998;1(1):713‐726.
- 22. Turan N, Durgun H, Kaya H, Aştı T. Turkish adaptation of the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale: A validity and reliability study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(2):455-462. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12616.
- 23. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin N, eds. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014.
- 24. Turale S, Kunaviktikul W, Mesukko J. Giving undergraduate nursing students international experiences: Issues and strategies. Nurs Health Sci. 2020;22(3):830-836. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12722.
- 25. Kalbarczyk A, Nagourney E, Martin NA, Chen V, Hansoti B. Are you ready? A systematic review of pre-departure resources for global health electives. BMC Medical Education. 2019;19:166. doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1586-y.
- 26. Yurttaş A, Aras GN. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları ile empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;2(3):117-125.
- 27. Hergül FK, Gök F, İpiçürük HG. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences. 2022;7(1):228-240.
- 28. Can Gür G, Yılmaz E. The Effect of ıntercultural nursing training on nursing students’ ıntercultural sensitivity and empathic tendency level: Randomised controlled trial. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10(1):130-7.
- 29. Çetişli EN, Işık G, Öztornacı ÖB, et al. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin empati düzeylerine göre kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;1:27-33.
- 30. Kılıç Parlar S. Sevinç S. The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2017;1-8.
- 31. Lee J, Song J. Developing intercultural competence through study abroad, telecollaboration, and on-campus language study. Language Learning & Technology. 2019;23(3):178-198.
- 32. Aslan S, Yılmaz D, Kartal M, Erdemir F, Güleç HY. Determination of intercultural sensitivity of nursing students in Turkey. Education. 2016;3(4): 202-208.
- 33. Bekiroğlu O, Balcı Ş. Looking for the clues of sensitivity of ıntercultural communication: A survey on the sample of communication faculty students. Türkiyat Dergisi. 2014; 429-459.
- 34. Meydanlıoğlu A, Arikan F, Gozum S. Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2015;20(5):1195-1204. doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z.
- 35. Ferri P, Rovesti S, Bonetti L, Stifani S, Panzera N, Di Lorenzo R. Evaluation of empathy among undergraduate nursing students: A three-year longitudinal study. Acta Biomed. 2019;90(11-S):98-107. doi: 10.23750/abm.v90i11-S.8874.
- 36. İster ED, Altınbaş Y. Empathic tendency and affecting factors in nursing students. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Science. 2016;3(4):306-312. doi: 10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.4.49.
- 37. Brunero S, Cowan D, Chaniang S, Lamont S. Empathy education in post-graduate nurses: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;112:105338.
- 38. Cho MK, Kim MY. Effectiveness of simulation-based interventions on empathy enhancement among nursing students: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):319. 11. doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01944-7.
- 39. Lin MF, Hsu WS, Huang MC, Su YH, Crawford P, Tang CC. I couldn't even talk to the patient: Barriers to communicating with cancer patients as perceived by nursing students. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(4):10.1111/ecc.12648. doi:10.1111/ecc.12648.
- 40. Zhang YSD, Noels KA. Cultural empathy in intercultural interactions: The development and validation of the intercultural empathy index. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2023;45(10):4572–4590. doi: 10.1080/01434632.2023.2173759.
- 41. Çingöl N, Karakaş M, Çelebi E, Zengin S. Determining the effect of an intercultural nursing course on empathic skill and intercultural sensitivity levels: An intervention study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;99:104782. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104782.
- 42. Ryu, EJ. Predictors of intercultural sensitivity and cultural empathy on multicultural acceptance in nursing students. Journal of the Korean Society of Integrative Medicine. 2022;10(2):125-134.
There are 42 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Mental Health Nursing |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 29, 2025 |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 14, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 27, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 25 |
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