Research Article
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Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 208 - 217, 30.06.2025

Cihan Bayındırlı , Derviş Erol , Mehmet Çelik , Halil Erdi Gülcan

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1586104

Abstract

This study conducted engine tests on utilizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphite (GT) nanoparticles (NPs) in varying proportions in a diesel engine. The experiments were performed with a four-stroke diesel engine featuring a water-cooled, three-cylinder configuration. Exergy and sustainability analyses are performed using the experimental work’s findings. The results of test fuels containing GT and rGO NPs additives were compared with standard diesel fuel. Additionally, rGO and GT NPs are used in diesel fuel at concentrations of 50 ppm and 75 ppm, designated as Diesel+50ppm GT, Diesel+75ppm GT, Diesel+50ppm rGO, and Diesel+75ppm rGO. The engine tests are made at a constant 1800 rpm and variable torques. The results indicate NPs-added fuels offer better exergy and sustainability performance than diesel. The Diesel+75ppm rGO blend resulted in the sustainability index and highest exergy efficiency with average improvements of 6.2%, and 12.1% respectively, over conventional diesel. Moreover, the highest average reduction in exergy destruction is achieved with Diesel+75ppm rGO at 21.6%, while the lowest average reduction is observed with Diesel+50ppm GT at 15.2%, compared to diesel. With greater amounts of rGO and GT NPs in diesel fuel, the surface-to-volume ratio grows, enabling a broader combustion zone and improved thermal exchange. It was determined that the utilization of nanoparticle addi-tives in diesel fuel, along with an increased concentration, enhances both its exergy efficiency and sustainability.

Keywords

Exergy analysis Graphite Reduced graphene oxide Nanoparticles Sustainability

References

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Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 208 - 217, 30.06.2025

Cihan Bayındırlı , Derviş Erol , Mehmet Çelik , Halil Erdi Gülcan

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1586104

Abstract

References

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  • [22] Bayindirli, C., Çelik M., Zan R. Optimizing the thermophysi-cal properties and combustion performance of biodiesel by graphite and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticle fuel addi-tive. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2023;37(101295):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2022.101295
  • [23] Zhicheng Z., Song Y., Jun L., Wei C., Yuan X., Zhongyi H., Dongsu B., Sheng H. A new kind of nanohybrid poly (tetradecyl methyl-acrylate)-graphene oxide as pour point de-pressant to evaluate the cold flow properties and exhaust gas emissions of diesel fuels. Fuel, 2018;216:818-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.087
  • [24] Paramashivaiah B. M., Banapurmath, N. R., Rajashekhar, C. R., Khandal S. V. Studies on effect of graphene nanoparticles addition in different levels with simarouba biodiesel and diesel blends on performance, combustion and emission characteris-tics of CI engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2018;43:4793-4801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3121-6
  • [25] Andrew T. S., Anna Marie L., Songshan Z., Bin L., Luyi S. Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene ox-ide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science, 2019;1:31-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004
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  • [30] Heidari-Maleni, A., Mesri-Gundoshmian, T., Jahanbakhshi, A., Karimi, B., Ghobadian, B. Novel environmentally friendly fuel: The effect of adding graphene quantum dot (GQD) na-noparticles with ethanol-biodiesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. NanoImpact, 2021;21:100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2021.100294
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Internal Combustion Engines
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cihan Bayındırlı 0000-0001-9199-9670

Derviş Erol 0000-0002-3438-9312

Mehmet Çelik 0000-0002-3390-1716

Halil Erdi Gülcan 0000-0002-2328-5809

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 15, 2024
Acceptance Date May 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bayındırlı, C., Erol, D., Çelik, M., Gülcan, H. E. (2025). Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 9(2), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1586104
AMA Bayındırlı C, Erol D, Çelik M, Gülcan HE. Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine. IJASTECH. June 2025;9(2):208-217. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1586104
Chicago Bayındırlı, Cihan, Derviş Erol, Mehmet Çelik, and Halil Erdi Gülcan. “Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9, no. 2 (June 2025): 208-17. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1586104.
EndNote Bayındırlı C, Erol D, Çelik M, Gülcan HE (June 1, 2025) Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9 2 208–217.
IEEE C. Bayındırlı, D. Erol, M. Çelik, and H. E. Gülcan, “Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine”, IJASTECH, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 208–217, 2025, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1586104.
ISNAD Bayındırlı, Cihan et al. “Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9/2 (June 2025), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1586104.
JAMA Bayındırlı C, Erol D, Çelik M, Gülcan HE. Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine. IJASTECH. 2025;9:208–217.
MLA Bayındırlı, Cihan et al. “Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 208-17, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1586104.
Vancouver Bayındırlı C, Erol D, Çelik M, Gülcan HE. Exergy and Sustainability Analysis of Different Proportions Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoparticles in a CI Engine. IJASTECH. 2025;9(2):208-17.


International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology (IJASTECH) is published by Society of Automotive Engineers Turkey

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