Research Article
The Creation according to Shamaran myth in Kurdish Regions: A Comparative Analysis of Mesopotamian Mythology and Hebrew Texts
Abstract
The legend of Shamaran holds significant cultural significance in Kurdish mythology and serves as a prominent creation myth. Despite variations in traditions, this article undertakes a comparative analysis between the Shamaran legend and the narrative of the Garden of Eden, employing a structuralist approach and drawing upon mythological and biblical data. Through this research, it is revealed that these two narratives share a coherent and uniform structure, as well as common themes. The central focus of both narratives lies in the creation of existence and mankind. Key elements, such as the Garden of Eden and creation myths, serve as focal points for comparison. Utilizing textual analysis and comparative methodologies, this study aims to identify common motifs, theological perspectives, and historical contexts shared by these cultural narratives. By critically evaluating the primary sources of each tradition, we seek to shed light on the potential intersections and divergences within the mythologies under scrutiny.
Keywords
Legend of Shamaran Kurdish myths Garden of Eden creation myths snake symbolism Sumerian poem Gilgamesh
Ethical Statement
thanks
Supporting Institution
thanks
Project Number
1
Thanks
thanks
References
- Amini, Kourosh (2020), Tales of Our Land, Vol. 1, Sanandaj: Tafge. Cashford, J., & Baring, A. (1991). The myth of the goddess: Evolution of an image, UK, Penguin.
- Dadgi, Farnbagh (2006), BendeheshNarrator Mehrdad Bahar, Tehran: Toos.
- Frazer, J. G. (1918). Folk-lore in the Old Testament: studies in comparative religion, legend and law. Vol 1, London: Macmillan
- Gozashte, Naser (1999), Investigation of the Concept of Paradise in Religious Thoughts, Articles and Reviews Journal, No. 65, 63-76.
- Hawker, Samuel Henry (2021), Myths of the Middle East, translated by A. L. Bahrami, F. Mozaffar, Tehran: Roshangaran Publications.
- James, P., & van der Sluijs, M. A. (2008). Ziggurats, colors, and planets: Rawlinson revisited. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 60(1), 57-79.
- Jastrow Jr, M. (1899). Adam and Eve in Babylonian literature. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, 15(4), 193-214.
- Jastrow, M. (1916). Sumerian and Akkadian Views of Beginnings. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 36, 274-299.
- Jastroe, M. J. (1901). The Hebrew and Babylonian Accounts of Creation. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 13(4), 620-654.
- Langdon, S. (1914). Tammuz and Ishtar: A Monograph Upon Babylonian Religion and Theology, Containing Extensive Extracts from the Tammuz Liturgies and All of the Arbela Oracles.Clarendon Press.
- Langdon, S. H. (1964). The Mythology of All Races. Cooper Square Publishers, Incorporated.
- Lévi-Strauss, C. (1955). The structural study of myth. The journal of American folklore, 68(270), 428-444.
- Lisko, Ruzhi (1991), Ancient Kurdish Stories, translated by Mohammad Rayani, Tehran: Rudaki Publications. Mansouri Moghadam, Mansour (2019), Kurdish Myths and Proverbs, Tehran: Sociologists.
- Masrur, Shilan (2018), Investigating and analyzing Shāmārān’s legend of Mokriyān in Mahābād, Master's Thesis in Art and Architecture, Tehran: Islamic Azad University.
- Masrur, Shilan, Rahbar, Elnaz (2019), Investigation and Analysis of the Shamurans Myth in the Mokryan Mahabad Region, Culture and General Literature, No. 28, 73-97.
- Nikitine, Basile (۱۹87) Les Kurds: Etude Sociologique et Historique,Tehran: Derayat (Original work published 1885; (In Persian).
- Oscarman (2023), Mukrian’s Gift, Prestige and Creation; Heyman Mukrian, Hawler: Aras.
- Prop, Vladimir (2007), Structuralism of Fairy Tales, translated by Faridoun Badraei, Tehran: Toos.
- Rajabi, Mohammad (2019), A Study of Shamurans Tale in Kurdish Folklore and its Illustration, Bachelor's Thesis in Illustration, Isfahan: Isfahan University of Art.
- Ramazani, Kamal (2018), Shamurans in Folklore and Culture of Kurdish people . Kermansha: Taq Bostan.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2013), The Symbol of Snake in Kurdish Culture and Beliefs, Master's Thesis in Anthropology, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2022), Analysis of the Elements of the Fatili Myth, Specialized Journal of Iranian Popular Culture, Spring 2022, No. 68, 45-62.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2023), Comparison of Mythological and Cosmological Patterns with Cultural Evolution Patterns in Ancient Iran and Mesopotamia, Doctoral Dissertation in Anthropology, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana, Rafifar, Jalalddin (2024) “Archaeological Anthropology of Plant of Life in the Ancient Iran and Mesopotamia”,Journal of ancient culture and language , Vol 1.
- Rudnko, Margarita (2011), Kurdish Myths, translated by Karim Kashavarz, Tehran: Jami.
- Safari, Baqi (2002), Hawraman Myth, Tehran: Ehsan.
- Samine, Sorin (2020), The Symbol of Snake in Kurdish Myths, Master's Thesis in Narrative Literature, Kermanshah: Razi University.
- Sanders, N. K. (2004), Gilgamesh Epic, translated by Ismail Falzi, Tehran: Hirmund.
- Schmandt-Besserat, D. (1998). ʿAin Ghazal" Monumental" Figures. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 310(1), 1-17.
- Schwartz, H. (2004). Tree of souls: The mythology of Judaism. Oxford University Press.
- Sesil, Ardeshir, Sesile, Sesil (2007), Tales of the Kurds, translated by Amir Hossein Akbari Shalchi, Tehran: Salas.
- Smith, D. (2008). Milk and Honey: The Beloved as Promised Land in Ronsard's Amours. Dalhousie French Studies, 84, 3-12.
- Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1977), Tafsir al-Tabari, Vol. 1, edited by Habib Yaghmai, Tehran: Toos Publications.
- The Holy Bible (Old and New Testaments), Hamedani, Fazl Khan, Gulan, William, McCon, Henry, Tehran: Asatir. The Holy Quran
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 411 - 430, 21.09.2024
Abstract
Project Number
1
References
- Amini, Kourosh (2020), Tales of Our Land, Vol. 1, Sanandaj: Tafge. Cashford, J., & Baring, A. (1991). The myth of the goddess: Evolution of an image, UK, Penguin.
- Dadgi, Farnbagh (2006), BendeheshNarrator Mehrdad Bahar, Tehran: Toos.
- Frazer, J. G. (1918). Folk-lore in the Old Testament: studies in comparative religion, legend and law. Vol 1, London: Macmillan
- Gozashte, Naser (1999), Investigation of the Concept of Paradise in Religious Thoughts, Articles and Reviews Journal, No. 65, 63-76.
- Hawker, Samuel Henry (2021), Myths of the Middle East, translated by A. L. Bahrami, F. Mozaffar, Tehran: Roshangaran Publications.
- James, P., & van der Sluijs, M. A. (2008). Ziggurats, colors, and planets: Rawlinson revisited. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 60(1), 57-79.
- Jastrow Jr, M. (1899). Adam and Eve in Babylonian literature. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, 15(4), 193-214.
- Jastrow, M. (1916). Sumerian and Akkadian Views of Beginnings. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 36, 274-299.
- Jastroe, M. J. (1901). The Hebrew and Babylonian Accounts of Creation. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 13(4), 620-654.
- Langdon, S. (1914). Tammuz and Ishtar: A Monograph Upon Babylonian Religion and Theology, Containing Extensive Extracts from the Tammuz Liturgies and All of the Arbela Oracles.Clarendon Press.
- Langdon, S. H. (1964). The Mythology of All Races. Cooper Square Publishers, Incorporated.
- Lévi-Strauss, C. (1955). The structural study of myth. The journal of American folklore, 68(270), 428-444.
- Lisko, Ruzhi (1991), Ancient Kurdish Stories, translated by Mohammad Rayani, Tehran: Rudaki Publications. Mansouri Moghadam, Mansour (2019), Kurdish Myths and Proverbs, Tehran: Sociologists.
- Masrur, Shilan (2018), Investigating and analyzing Shāmārān’s legend of Mokriyān in Mahābād, Master's Thesis in Art and Architecture, Tehran: Islamic Azad University.
- Masrur, Shilan, Rahbar, Elnaz (2019), Investigation and Analysis of the Shamurans Myth in the Mokryan Mahabad Region, Culture and General Literature, No. 28, 73-97.
- Nikitine, Basile (۱۹87) Les Kurds: Etude Sociologique et Historique,Tehran: Derayat (Original work published 1885; (In Persian).
- Oscarman (2023), Mukrian’s Gift, Prestige and Creation; Heyman Mukrian, Hawler: Aras.
- Prop, Vladimir (2007), Structuralism of Fairy Tales, translated by Faridoun Badraei, Tehran: Toos.
- Rajabi, Mohammad (2019), A Study of Shamurans Tale in Kurdish Folklore and its Illustration, Bachelor's Thesis in Illustration, Isfahan: Isfahan University of Art.
- Ramazani, Kamal (2018), Shamurans in Folklore and Culture of Kurdish people . Kermansha: Taq Bostan.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2013), The Symbol of Snake in Kurdish Culture and Beliefs, Master's Thesis in Anthropology, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2022), Analysis of the Elements of the Fatili Myth, Specialized Journal of Iranian Popular Culture, Spring 2022, No. 68, 45-62.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana (2023), Comparison of Mythological and Cosmological Patterns with Cultural Evolution Patterns in Ancient Iran and Mesopotamia, Doctoral Dissertation in Anthropology, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Rostamnejadanan, Diana, Rafifar, Jalalddin (2024) “Archaeological Anthropology of Plant of Life in the Ancient Iran and Mesopotamia”,Journal of ancient culture and language , Vol 1.
- Rudnko, Margarita (2011), Kurdish Myths, translated by Karim Kashavarz, Tehran: Jami.
- Safari, Baqi (2002), Hawraman Myth, Tehran: Ehsan.
- Samine, Sorin (2020), The Symbol of Snake in Kurdish Myths, Master's Thesis in Narrative Literature, Kermanshah: Razi University.
- Sanders, N. K. (2004), Gilgamesh Epic, translated by Ismail Falzi, Tehran: Hirmund.
- Schmandt-Besserat, D. (1998). ʿAin Ghazal" Monumental" Figures. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 310(1), 1-17.
- Schwartz, H. (2004). Tree of souls: The mythology of Judaism. Oxford University Press.
- Sesil, Ardeshir, Sesile, Sesil (2007), Tales of the Kurds, translated by Amir Hossein Akbari Shalchi, Tehran: Salas.
- Smith, D. (2008). Milk and Honey: The Beloved as Promised Land in Ronsard's Amours. Dalhousie French Studies, 84, 3-12.
- Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1977), Tafsir al-Tabari, Vol. 1, edited by Habib Yaghmai, Tehran: Toos Publications.
- The Holy Bible (Old and New Testaments), Hamedani, Fazl Khan, Gulan, William, McCon, Henry, Tehran: Asatir. The Holy Quran
There are 34 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Kurdish Language, Literature and Culture |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 1 |
| Publication Date | September 21, 2024 |
| Submission Date | February 15, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | August 30, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
NOTICE: All submissions will be accepted through the Manuscript Submission System. Please click on www.ijoks.com and register to submit a paper.