Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Fibrolytic Activity and Molecular Identification of Anaerobic Gut Fungi (Piromyces spp.) in Pure Culture Samples, Isolated from Local Horse Fae-ces of Tunceli

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 590 - 603, 31.12.2024

Bülent Kar

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1566759

Abstract

This study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and enzyme properties of an-aerobic gut fungi (AGF) isolated from horse feces in Tunceli province, Turkiye. Two Piromyces strains, MUBAM_F1 and MUBAM_F2, isolated from horse feces were identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Blast analysis of the ITS region confirmed that both isolates are belong to the genus Piromyces (98.24% and 98.87% similarity, respectively). Enzymatic analyses showed significant xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase activities for both isolates. MUBAM_F1 showed total xy-lanase activity of 47.13±0.10 µmol/min/ml (specific activity: 2153.93 µmol/min/mg protein) while total carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 35.56 µmol/min/ml (specific activity: 1626.52 µmol/min/mg protein). MUBAM_F2 was determined to have higher total xylanase activity at 57.53±0.08 µmol/min/ml (specific activity: 2630.11 µmol/min/mg protein) but lower carboxymethyl cellulase activity at 23.93±1.41 µmol/min/ml (specific activity: 1098.66 µmol/min/mg protein). The data obtained in the study indicate that Piromyces sp. MUBAM_F1 and MUBAM_F2 are promising sources of xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase enzymes.

Keywords

Anaerobic Gut Fungi Piromyces sp. Horse Xylanase and Carboxymethyl cellulase

References

  • Hungate, R.E., (1966). The Rumen and Its Microbes. Academic Press, London, 28-31s.
  • Kutlu, H. R., Gorgulu, M., Celik, L. B. (2005). General animal feeding. Lecture notes. Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Adana.
  • Frape, D. (2010). Equine nutrition and feeding. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Van Weyenberg, S., Sales, J., Janssens, G. P. J. (2006). Passage rate of digesta through the equine gastrointestinal tract: A review. Livestock science, 99(1), 3-12.
  • Gruninger, R. J., Puniya, A. K., Callaghan, T. M., Edwards, J. E., Youssef, N., Dagar, S. S., Mcallister, T. (2014). Anaerobic Fungi (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota): Advances in Unders-tanding Their Taxonomy, Life Cycle, Ecology, Role and Biotechnological Potential. FEMS microbiology ecology, 90(1), 1-17.
  • Haitjema, C. H., Solomon, K. V., Henske, J. K., Theodorou, M. K., and O'Malley, M. A. (2014). Anaerobic Gut Fungi: Advances in isolation, Culture and Cellulolytic Enzyme Discovery for Biofuel production. Production. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 111(8), 1471-1482.
  • Yazdıç, F. C., Yazdıç, F., Kar, B., Özköse, E., Ekinci, M. S. (2021). Anaerobik funguslarda hidrojenozomlar: Hidrojen üreten organeller. Mantar Dergisi, 12(2), 190-208.
  • Julliand, V., De Vaux, A., Villard, L., Richard, Y. (1996). Preliminary studies on the bacterial flora of faeces taken from foals, from birth to twelve weeks. Effect of the oral administration of a commercial colostrum replacer. Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 209e212.
  • Edwards, J. E., Forster, R. J., Callaghan, T. M., Dollhofer, V., Dagar, S. S., Cheng, Y., ... & Smidt, H. (2017). PCR and omics based techniques to study the diversity, ecology and biology of ana-erobic fungi: insights, challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 1657.
  • Hanafy, R.A., Johnson, B., Elshahed, M.S., Youssef, N.H., (2018). Anaeromyces contortus, sp. nov., a new anaerobic gut fungal species (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the feces of cow and goat. Mycologia, 110(3), 502-512.
  • Joshi, A., Lanjekar, V.B., Dhakephalkar, P.K., Callaghan, T.M., Griffith, G.W., Dagar, S.S., (2018). Liebetanzomycespolymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimas-tigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys, (40),89.
  • Karaman, A., Yücel, H., Ekinci, K., Cömertpay, S. (2022). Comparing Cellulotic Enzyme Acti-vities of Neocallimastix sp. in Orpin’s and Menke’s Media. Mantar Dergisi, 13(1), 55-61.
  • Li, J., Heath, I., Bauchop, T. (1990). Piromyces mae and Piromyces dumbonica, two new species of uniflagellate anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi from the hindgut of the horse and elephant. Bo-tany, 68, 1021-1033.
  • Breton, A., Breton, A., Dusser, M., Gaillard-Martinie, B., Guillot, J., Millet, L., Prensier, G. (1991). Piromyces rhizinflata nov. sp., a strictly anaerobic fungus from faeces of the Saharian ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study. FEMS microbiology letters, 66 1, 1-8.
  • Gaillard-Martinie, B., Breton, A., Dusser, M., Julliand, V. (1995). Piromyces citronii sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic fungus from the equine caecum: a morphological, metabolic, and ultrastructural study. Fems Microbiology Letters, 130, 321-326.
  • Chen, Y. C., Hseu, R. S., Chien, C. Y. (2002). Piromyces polycephalus (Neocallimastigaceae), a new rumen fungus. Nova Hedwigia, 75(3-4), 409-414.
  • Yücel, H., Ekinci, K., Karaman, A., (2022). The effect of carbohydrate actıve enzyme (cazymes) ın Pyromyces sp and Anaeromyces sp in the digestion channel of ruminants. 8th Internatıonal mardin artuklu scientific researches conference (pp.1030-1038). Mardin, Turkey
  • Liggenstoffer, A.S., Youssef, N.H., Couger, M.B., Elshahed, M.S., (2010). Phylogenetic diversity and community structure of anaerobic gut fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. The ISME journal, 4(10), 1225-1235.
  • Orpin, C.G., (1976). Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix Sphaeromonas communis. Microbiology, 94(2), 270-280.
  • Theodorou, M.K., Davies, D.R., Jordan, M.G., Trinci, A.P., Orpin, C.G., (1993). Comparison of anaerobic fungi in faeces and rumen digesta of newly born and adult ruminants. Mycological research, 97(10), 1245-1252.
  • Çömlekçioğlu, U., Akyol, İ., Kar, B., Özköse, E., vd. (2008). Anaerobik Rumen Funguslarının İzolasyonu, Tanımlanması ve Kültür Koleksiyonunun Oluşturulması. Hayvansal Üretim, 49(2).
  • Bhagat, N. R., Kumar, S., Kumari, R., Bharti, V. K. (2023). A review on rumen anaerobic fungi: current understanding on carbohydrate fermentation and roughages digestion in ruminants. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 59(3), 231-249.
  • Mura, E., Fliegerová, K., Kopečný, J., et al. (2012). Diversity of Anaerobic Fungi Population (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in the Horse Hindgut. Università degli Studi di Sassari.
  • Kar, B. (2013), Anaerobik Rumen Funguslarının Filogenetik Analizi ve Lipit Metabolizmasındaki Rollerinin İncelenmesi (Doktora Tezi), KSÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni ABD, Kahra-manmaraş
  • Edgar RC. (2004). MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high thro-ughput. Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 1792–1797.
  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 28(10):2731-9. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121. Epub May 4. PMID: 21546353; PMCID: PMC3203626.
  • Çömlekcİoğlu, U., Yazdıç, F. C., Keser, S., Kellecıdot over˜, B. M., Battaloğlu, G., Özköse, E. (2012). Effects of carbon sources on enzyme production of Neocallimastix sp. and Orpinomyces sp.
  • Kar, B., Torcan, B. (2023). Isolation, morphological identification, and xylanase characteristics of anaerobic gut fungi Neocallimastix from Anatolian wild goat. Journal of Basic Microbio-logy, 63(3-4), 377-388.
  • Miller GL. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid regent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem., 31, 426–8.
  • Zhao, Y., Ren, X., Wu, H., Hu, H., Cheng, C., Du, M., ... & Dugarjaviin, M. (2023). Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastroin-testinal tracts. BMC microbiology, 23(1), 253.
  • Edwards, J. E., Schennink, A., Burden, F., Long, S., van Doorn, D. A., Pellikaan, W. F., ... & Smidt, H. (2020). Domesticated equine species and their derived hybrids differ in their fecal microbiota. Animal Microbiome, 2, 1-13.
  • Beste, K. J., Lawhon, S. D., Chamoun‐Emanuelli, A. M., Duff, A. H., Coleman, M. C., Griffin, C. E., ... & Whitfield‐Cargile, C. M. (2020). Culture‐independent and dependent evaluation of the equine paranasal sinus microbiota in health and disease. Equine veterinary journal, 52(3), 455-463.
  • Julliand V, Riondet C, de Vaux A, Alcaraz G, Fonty G. (1998). Comparison of metabolic activities between Piromyces citronii, an equine fungal species, and Piromyces communis, a ruminal spe-cies. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 70(1–2), 161–8.
  • Barr, D. J. S., Kudo, H., Jakober, K. D., Cheng, K. J. (1989). Morphology and development of rumen fungi: Neocallimastix sp., Piromyces communis, and Orpinomyces bovis gen. nov., sp. nov. Canadian journal of botany, 67(9), 2815-2824.
  • Callaghan, T. M., Podmirseg, S. M., Hohlweck, D., Edwards, J. E., Puniya, A. K., Dagar, S. S., Griffith, G. W. (2015). Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys, 9, 11-28.
  • Chang, J., & Park, H. (2020). Nucleotide and protein researches on anaerobic fungi during four decades. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 62(2), 121.
  • Mura E, Edwards J, Kittelmann S, Kaerger K, Voigt K, Mrázek J, et al.(2019). Anaerobic fungal communities differ along the horse digestive tract. Fungal Biol, 123(3), 240–6.
  • Wunderlich, G., Bull, M., Ross, T., Rose, M., Chapman, B. (2023). Understanding the microbial fibre degrading communities & processes in the equine gut. Animal Microbiome, 5(1), 3.
  • Hess M, Paul SS, Puniya AK, van der Giezen M, Shaw C, Edwards JE, et al. (2020). Anaerobic fungi: past, present, and future. Front Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.584893.
  • Haitjema CH, Gilmore SP, Henske JK, Solomon KV, de Groot R, Kuo A, et al. (2017). A parts list for fungal cellulosomes revealed by comparative genomics. Nat Microbiol; 2(8), 1–8.
  • Lewis, T., Stone, W. L. (2020). Biochemistry, proteins enzymes.
  • Teunissen MJ, de Kort GV, Op den Camp HJ, Huis in 't Veld JH.(1992). Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes during growth of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. on different substrates. J Gen Microbiol. Aug;138 Pt 8:1657-64. doi: 10.1099/00221287-138-8-1657. PMID: 1527505.
  • Yazdıç, F. C., Yazdıç, F., Kar, B., Özköse, E., Ekinci, M. S. (2021). Anaerobik funguslarda hidrojenozomlar: Hidrojen üreten organeller. Mantar Dergisi, 12(2), 190-208.
  • Wei, Y. Q., Yang, H. J., Long, R. J., Wang, Z. Y., Cao, B. B., Ren, Q. C., Wu, T. T. (2017). Characterization of natural co-cultures of Piromyces with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: a microbial consortium with high potential in plant biomass degradation. AMB Express, 7, 1-12.
  • Saye, L. M., Navaratna, T. A., Chong, J. P., O’Malley, M. A., Theodorou, M. K., Reilly, M. (2021). The anaerobic fungi: challenges and opportunities for industrial lignocellulosic biofuel production. Microorganisms, 9(4), 694.
  • Mountfort, D. O., Asher, R. A. (1985). Production and regulation of cellulase by two strains of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. Applied and Environmental Microbio-logy, 49(5), 1314-1322.
  • Matsui, H., Ban-Tokuda, T. (2008). Studies on carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activities of anaerobic fungal isolate CR4 from the bovine rumen. Current microbiology, 57, 615-619.
  • Vörös, A. (2008). Diet related changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota of horses.
  • Edwards, J. E. (2019). Equine anaerobic fungi: key taxa of central importance to dietary fibre degradation. In Small Things: European Equine Health & Nutrion Congress (pp. 23-31).
  • Tsai, C. F., Qiu, X., Liu, J. H. (2003). A comparative analysis of two cDNA clones of the cellulase gene family from anaerobic fungus Piromyces rhizinflata. Anaerobe, 9(3), 131-140.
  • Liu, J. H., Tsai, C. F., Liu, J. W., Cheng, K. J., Cheng, C. L. (2001). The catalytic domain of a Piromyces rhizinflata cellulase expressed in Escherichia coli was stabilized by the linker peptide of the enzyme. Enzyme and microbial technology, 28(7-8), 582-589.
  • Yazdiç, F. C. Anaerobik fungus Orpinomyces sp.ye ait selülaz geninin klonlanması, karakteri-zasyonu ve enzim aktivitesinin belirlenmesi (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).

Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 590 - 603, 31.12.2024

Bülent Kar

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1566759

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Tunceli ilindeki at dışkılarından anaerobik gut funguslarının (AGF) izolasyonu, karakterizasyonu ve enzim özelliklerine odaklanmaktadır. At dışkısından Piromyces cinsine ait iki izolat MUBAM_F1 ve MUBAM_F2, morfolojik ve moleküler teknikler kullanılarak izole edilmiş ve kısmen tanımlanmıştır. ITS bölgesinin Blast analizi, her iki izolatında Piromyces cinsi içerisinde bir tür olduğu doğrulamıştır (sırasıyla %98.24 ve %98.87 benzerlik). Enzimatik analizler, her iki izolat için de önemli ksilanaz ve karboksimetil selülaz aktivitesinin olduğunu göstermiştir. MUBAM_F1, toplam 47.13±0.10 µmol/dak/ml (spesifik aktivite: 2153.93 µmol/dak/mg protein) ksilanaz aktivitesi gösterirken, toplam 35.56 µmol/dak/ml (spesifik aktivite: 1626.52 µmol/dak/mg protein) karboksimetil selülaz aktivitesi göstermiştir. MUBAM_F2, 57.53±0.08 µmol/dak/ml'de daha yüksek toplam ksilanaz aktivitesi göstermiş (spesifik aktivite: 2630.11 µmol/dak/mg protein) ancak 23.93±1.41 µmol/dak/ml'de daha düşük karboksimetil selülaz aktivitesine (spesifik aktivite: 1098.66 µmol/dak/mg protein) sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler, Piromyces sp. MUBAM_F1 ve MUBAM_F2'nin ksilanaz ve kar-boksimetil selülaz enzimlerinin umut vadeden kaynakları olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Anaerobik Gut Funguslar Piromyces sp. At Ksilanaz ve Karboksimetil selülaz

References

  • Hungate, R.E., (1966). The Rumen and Its Microbes. Academic Press, London, 28-31s.
  • Kutlu, H. R., Gorgulu, M., Celik, L. B. (2005). General animal feeding. Lecture notes. Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Adana.
  • Frape, D. (2010). Equine nutrition and feeding. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Van Weyenberg, S., Sales, J., Janssens, G. P. J. (2006). Passage rate of digesta through the equine gastrointestinal tract: A review. Livestock science, 99(1), 3-12.
  • Gruninger, R. J., Puniya, A. K., Callaghan, T. M., Edwards, J. E., Youssef, N., Dagar, S. S., Mcallister, T. (2014). Anaerobic Fungi (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota): Advances in Unders-tanding Their Taxonomy, Life Cycle, Ecology, Role and Biotechnological Potential. FEMS microbiology ecology, 90(1), 1-17.
  • Haitjema, C. H., Solomon, K. V., Henske, J. K., Theodorou, M. K., and O'Malley, M. A. (2014). Anaerobic Gut Fungi: Advances in isolation, Culture and Cellulolytic Enzyme Discovery for Biofuel production. Production. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 111(8), 1471-1482.
  • Yazdıç, F. C., Yazdıç, F., Kar, B., Özköse, E., Ekinci, M. S. (2021). Anaerobik funguslarda hidrojenozomlar: Hidrojen üreten organeller. Mantar Dergisi, 12(2), 190-208.
  • Julliand, V., De Vaux, A., Villard, L., Richard, Y. (1996). Preliminary studies on the bacterial flora of faeces taken from foals, from birth to twelve weeks. Effect of the oral administration of a commercial colostrum replacer. Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 209e212.
  • Edwards, J. E., Forster, R. J., Callaghan, T. M., Dollhofer, V., Dagar, S. S., Cheng, Y., ... & Smidt, H. (2017). PCR and omics based techniques to study the diversity, ecology and biology of ana-erobic fungi: insights, challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 1657.
  • Hanafy, R.A., Johnson, B., Elshahed, M.S., Youssef, N.H., (2018). Anaeromyces contortus, sp. nov., a new anaerobic gut fungal species (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the feces of cow and goat. Mycologia, 110(3), 502-512.
  • Joshi, A., Lanjekar, V.B., Dhakephalkar, P.K., Callaghan, T.M., Griffith, G.W., Dagar, S.S., (2018). Liebetanzomycespolymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimas-tigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys, (40),89.
  • Karaman, A., Yücel, H., Ekinci, K., Cömertpay, S. (2022). Comparing Cellulotic Enzyme Acti-vities of Neocallimastix sp. in Orpin’s and Menke’s Media. Mantar Dergisi, 13(1), 55-61.
  • Li, J., Heath, I., Bauchop, T. (1990). Piromyces mae and Piromyces dumbonica, two new species of uniflagellate anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi from the hindgut of the horse and elephant. Bo-tany, 68, 1021-1033.
  • Breton, A., Breton, A., Dusser, M., Gaillard-Martinie, B., Guillot, J., Millet, L., Prensier, G. (1991). Piromyces rhizinflata nov. sp., a strictly anaerobic fungus from faeces of the Saharian ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study. FEMS microbiology letters, 66 1, 1-8.
  • Gaillard-Martinie, B., Breton, A., Dusser, M., Julliand, V. (1995). Piromyces citronii sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic fungus from the equine caecum: a morphological, metabolic, and ultrastructural study. Fems Microbiology Letters, 130, 321-326.
  • Chen, Y. C., Hseu, R. S., Chien, C. Y. (2002). Piromyces polycephalus (Neocallimastigaceae), a new rumen fungus. Nova Hedwigia, 75(3-4), 409-414.
  • Yücel, H., Ekinci, K., Karaman, A., (2022). The effect of carbohydrate actıve enzyme (cazymes) ın Pyromyces sp and Anaeromyces sp in the digestion channel of ruminants. 8th Internatıonal mardin artuklu scientific researches conference (pp.1030-1038). Mardin, Turkey
  • Liggenstoffer, A.S., Youssef, N.H., Couger, M.B., Elshahed, M.S., (2010). Phylogenetic diversity and community structure of anaerobic gut fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. The ISME journal, 4(10), 1225-1235.
  • Orpin, C.G., (1976). Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix Sphaeromonas communis. Microbiology, 94(2), 270-280.
  • Theodorou, M.K., Davies, D.R., Jordan, M.G., Trinci, A.P., Orpin, C.G., (1993). Comparison of anaerobic fungi in faeces and rumen digesta of newly born and adult ruminants. Mycological research, 97(10), 1245-1252.
  • Çömlekçioğlu, U., Akyol, İ., Kar, B., Özköse, E., vd. (2008). Anaerobik Rumen Funguslarının İzolasyonu, Tanımlanması ve Kültür Koleksiyonunun Oluşturulması. Hayvansal Üretim, 49(2).
  • Bhagat, N. R., Kumar, S., Kumari, R., Bharti, V. K. (2023). A review on rumen anaerobic fungi: current understanding on carbohydrate fermentation and roughages digestion in ruminants. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 59(3), 231-249.
  • Mura, E., Fliegerová, K., Kopečný, J., et al. (2012). Diversity of Anaerobic Fungi Population (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota) in the Horse Hindgut. Università degli Studi di Sassari.
  • Kar, B. (2013), Anaerobik Rumen Funguslarının Filogenetik Analizi ve Lipit Metabolizmasındaki Rollerinin İncelenmesi (Doktora Tezi), KSÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni ABD, Kahra-manmaraş
  • Edgar RC. (2004). MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high thro-ughput. Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 1792–1797.
  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 28(10):2731-9. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121. Epub May 4. PMID: 21546353; PMCID: PMC3203626.
  • Çömlekcİoğlu, U., Yazdıç, F. C., Keser, S., Kellecıdot over˜, B. M., Battaloğlu, G., Özköse, E. (2012). Effects of carbon sources on enzyme production of Neocallimastix sp. and Orpinomyces sp.
  • Kar, B., Torcan, B. (2023). Isolation, morphological identification, and xylanase characteristics of anaerobic gut fungi Neocallimastix from Anatolian wild goat. Journal of Basic Microbio-logy, 63(3-4), 377-388.
  • Miller GL. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid regent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem., 31, 426–8.
  • Zhao, Y., Ren, X., Wu, H., Hu, H., Cheng, C., Du, M., ... & Dugarjaviin, M. (2023). Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of mongolian horse gastroin-testinal tracts. BMC microbiology, 23(1), 253.
  • Edwards, J. E., Schennink, A., Burden, F., Long, S., van Doorn, D. A., Pellikaan, W. F., ... & Smidt, H. (2020). Domesticated equine species and their derived hybrids differ in their fecal microbiota. Animal Microbiome, 2, 1-13.
  • Beste, K. J., Lawhon, S. D., Chamoun‐Emanuelli, A. M., Duff, A. H., Coleman, M. C., Griffin, C. E., ... & Whitfield‐Cargile, C. M. (2020). Culture‐independent and dependent evaluation of the equine paranasal sinus microbiota in health and disease. Equine veterinary journal, 52(3), 455-463.
  • Julliand V, Riondet C, de Vaux A, Alcaraz G, Fonty G. (1998). Comparison of metabolic activities between Piromyces citronii, an equine fungal species, and Piromyces communis, a ruminal spe-cies. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 70(1–2), 161–8.
  • Barr, D. J. S., Kudo, H., Jakober, K. D., Cheng, K. J. (1989). Morphology and development of rumen fungi: Neocallimastix sp., Piromyces communis, and Orpinomyces bovis gen. nov., sp. nov. Canadian journal of botany, 67(9), 2815-2824.
  • Callaghan, T. M., Podmirseg, S. M., Hohlweck, D., Edwards, J. E., Puniya, A. K., Dagar, S. S., Griffith, G. W. (2015). Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys, 9, 11-28.
  • Chang, J., & Park, H. (2020). Nucleotide and protein researches on anaerobic fungi during four decades. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 62(2), 121.
  • Mura E, Edwards J, Kittelmann S, Kaerger K, Voigt K, Mrázek J, et al.(2019). Anaerobic fungal communities differ along the horse digestive tract. Fungal Biol, 123(3), 240–6.
  • Wunderlich, G., Bull, M., Ross, T., Rose, M., Chapman, B. (2023). Understanding the microbial fibre degrading communities & processes in the equine gut. Animal Microbiome, 5(1), 3.
  • Hess M, Paul SS, Puniya AK, van der Giezen M, Shaw C, Edwards JE, et al. (2020). Anaerobic fungi: past, present, and future. Front Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.584893.
  • Haitjema CH, Gilmore SP, Henske JK, Solomon KV, de Groot R, Kuo A, et al. (2017). A parts list for fungal cellulosomes revealed by comparative genomics. Nat Microbiol; 2(8), 1–8.
  • Lewis, T., Stone, W. L. (2020). Biochemistry, proteins enzymes.
  • Teunissen MJ, de Kort GV, Op den Camp HJ, Huis in 't Veld JH.(1992). Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes during growth of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. on different substrates. J Gen Microbiol. Aug;138 Pt 8:1657-64. doi: 10.1099/00221287-138-8-1657. PMID: 1527505.
  • Yazdıç, F. C., Yazdıç, F., Kar, B., Özköse, E., Ekinci, M. S. (2021). Anaerobik funguslarda hidrojenozomlar: Hidrojen üreten organeller. Mantar Dergisi, 12(2), 190-208.
  • Wei, Y. Q., Yang, H. J., Long, R. J., Wang, Z. Y., Cao, B. B., Ren, Q. C., Wu, T. T. (2017). Characterization of natural co-cultures of Piromyces with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: a microbial consortium with high potential in plant biomass degradation. AMB Express, 7, 1-12.
  • Saye, L. M., Navaratna, T. A., Chong, J. P., O’Malley, M. A., Theodorou, M. K., Reilly, M. (2021). The anaerobic fungi: challenges and opportunities for industrial lignocellulosic biofuel production. Microorganisms, 9(4), 694.
  • Mountfort, D. O., Asher, R. A. (1985). Production and regulation of cellulase by two strains of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. Applied and Environmental Microbio-logy, 49(5), 1314-1322.
  • Matsui, H., Ban-Tokuda, T. (2008). Studies on carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activities of anaerobic fungal isolate CR4 from the bovine rumen. Current microbiology, 57, 615-619.
  • Vörös, A. (2008). Diet related changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota of horses.
  • Edwards, J. E. (2019). Equine anaerobic fungi: key taxa of central importance to dietary fibre degradation. In Small Things: European Equine Health & Nutrion Congress (pp. 23-31).
  • Tsai, C. F., Qiu, X., Liu, J. H. (2003). A comparative analysis of two cDNA clones of the cellulase gene family from anaerobic fungus Piromyces rhizinflata. Anaerobe, 9(3), 131-140.
  • Liu, J. H., Tsai, C. F., Liu, J. W., Cheng, K. J., Cheng, C. L. (2001). The catalytic domain of a Piromyces rhizinflata cellulase expressed in Escherichia coli was stabilized by the linker peptide of the enzyme. Enzyme and microbial technology, 28(7-8), 582-589.
  • Yazdiç, F. C. Anaerobik fungus Orpinomyces sp.ye ait selülaz geninin klonlanması, karakteri-zasyonu ve enzim aktivitesinin belirlenmesi (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology, Industrial Microbiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bülent Kar 0000-0002-8839-2605

Early Pub Date December 30, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date October 14, 2024
Acceptance Date November 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kar, B. (2024). Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 590-603. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1566759
AMA Kar B. Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. December 2024;10(2):590-603. doi:10.29132/ijpas.1566759
Chicago Kar, Bülent. “Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri Ve Moleküler Tanımlanması”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 2024): 590-603. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1566759.
EndNote Kar B (December 1, 2024) Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10 2 590–603.
IEEE B. Kar, “Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 590–603, 2024, doi: 10.29132/ijpas.1566759.
ISNAD Kar, Bülent. “Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri Ve Moleküler Tanımlanması”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10/2 (December 2024), 590-603. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1566759.
JAMA Kar B. Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2024;10:590–603.
MLA Kar, Bülent. “Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri Ve Moleküler Tanımlanması”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, 2024, pp. 590-03, doi:10.29132/ijpas.1566759.
Vancouver Kar B. Tunceli Yöresindeki At Dışkısı Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Anaerobik Gut Funguslarının (Piromyces spp.) Saf Kültürdeki Fibrolitik Aktiviteleri ve Moleküler Tanımlanması. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2024;10(2):590-603.
 Download Cover Image