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Water Security in Syria in 21st Century

Year 2025, , 110 - 147, 03.05.2025

Derya Sürmelioğlu Parlar , Arda Özkan

https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.1675224

Abstract

Water, which constitutes one of the most important international security issues today, has become one of the most significant problem areas with political, economic and social impacts in Syria. Syria has started to experience serious water problems, especially in the 21st century. Although there are different factors that have made water a security problem in the country, climate change, whose effects have been felt more in the Mediterranean region in the new century, and the Arab Spring, which took place in the region in 2010 and affected Syria, have made the water problem more visible in the country. This study aims to reveal the factors that make water a security problem in Syria in the 21st century. The research reveals that both climate change and the Arab Spring have had serious negative impacts on water, resulting in direct negative consequences not only on access to a natural resource such as water, but also on agricultural development and naturally economic development, food security, health security, and ultimately human security. In this way, it is emphasized that water has become a serious security problem in Syria in the 21st century, this situation will continue, and therefore, this problem should be among Syria's priority policy goals and strategies.

Keywords

Water Security Water in Syria Climate Change Syrian Civil War

References

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  • Karasu, Mithat A. “Suriye'deki İç Savaşın Çevresel Kökenleri”. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi 26, sy. 3 (2017): 69-89.
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  • Kuzma, Samantha, Saccoccia, Liz ve Chertock, Marlena. “25 Countries, Housing One-quarter of the Population, Face Extremely High Water Stress”. World Resources Instıtute, 16 Ağustos 2023. https://www.wri.org/insights/highest-water-stressed-countries (10.11.2024).
  • Maden, Tuğba E. “İklim Değişiminin Arap Baharında “Tehdit Tetikleyici” Rolü ve Suriye”. Ortadoğu Analiz 5, sy. 58 (2013): 80-87.
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21. Yüzyılda Suriye’de Su Güvenliği

Year 2025, , 110 - 147, 03.05.2025

Derya Sürmelioğlu Parlar , Arda Özkan

https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.1675224

Abstract

Günümüzde önemli uluslararası güvenlik konularından birini oluşturan su, Suriye’de siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal etkileri olan önemli sorun alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Suriye, özellikle 21. yüzyılda ciddi su sorunu yaşamaya başlamıştır. Ülkede suyu güvenlik sorunu haline getiren farklı etmenler bulunmakla beraber yeni yüzyılda Akdeniz bölgesinde etkileri daha fazla hissedilen iklim değişikliği ile 2010’da bölgede vukuu bulan ve Suriye’yi etkisi altına alan Arap Baharı, su sorununu ülkede daha görünür hale getirmiştir. Çalışmada 21. yüzyılda Suriye’de suyu güvenlik sorunu haline getiren unsurların neler olduğunun ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada gerek iklim değişikliğinin gerekse Arap Baharı’nın su üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkiler yaratarak su gibi doğal bir kaynağa yalnızca erişim noktasında değil tarımsal kalkınma ve doğal olarak ekonomik kalkınma, gıda güvenliği, sağlık güvenliği, nihai olarak insani güvenlik üzerinde doğrudan olumsuz sonuçlar doğurduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu şekilde 21. yüzyılda Suriye’de suyun ciddi güvenlik sorunu haline geldiği, bu durumun devam edeceği ve bu nedenle söz konusu sorunun Suriye’nin öncelikli politika hedef ve stratejileri arasında yer alması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Su Güvenliği Suriye'de Su İklim Değişikliği Suriye İç Savaşı

References

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  • Armaoğlu, Fahir. Türk Dış Politikası Tarihi. 4. bs. İstanbul: Kronik Kitap, 2021. Barnes, Jessica. “Managing the Waters of Ba’th Country: The Politics of Water Scarcity in Syria”. Geopolitics 14, sy. 3 (2009): 510-530.
  • Butler, Colin D. “Limits to Growth, Planetary Boundaries and Planetary Health”. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 25, (2017): 59-65.
  • Daher, Joseph. “Water Scarcity, Mismanagement and Pollution in Syria”. Middle East Directions Programme Techinal Report. sy. 10. Italy: European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre, 2022.
  • Dixon, Thomas H. “Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases-Part 1”. International Security, Peace and Conflict Studies Program. University of Toronto. 19 (1). Summer 1994, http://www.homerdixon.com/projects/evidence/evid1.htm (10.07.2024).
  • Droubi, Abdallah. “Climate Change, Water and the Policy-Making Process in the Levant and North Africa”. Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 2009.
  • Erian, Wadid, Katlan, Bassem ve Babah, Ouldbdey. “Drought Vulnerability in the Arab Region: Special Case Study—Syria”. ISDR. Geneva: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2010.
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  • Karasu, Mithat A. “Suriye'deki İç Savaşın Çevresel Kökenleri”. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi 26, sy. 3 (2017): 69-89.
  • Kelley, Colin, Mohtadı, Shahrzad, Cane, Mark, Seager, Richard ve Kushnir, Yochanan. “Commentary on The Syria Case: Climate as a Contributing Factor”. Political Geography, (2017): 1-3.
  • Kılıç, Selim. “Küresel İklim Değişikliği Sürecinde Su Yönetimi”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. 39, Kasım 2011: 161-186.
  • Kuzma, Samantha, Saccoccia, Liz ve Chertock, Marlena. “25 Countries, Housing One-quarter of the Population, Face Extremely High Water Stress”. World Resources Instıtute, 16 Ağustos 2023. https://www.wri.org/insights/highest-water-stressed-countries (10.11.2024).
  • Maden, Tuğba E. “İklim Değişiminin Arap Baharında “Tehdit Tetikleyici” Rolü ve Suriye”. Ortadoğu Analiz 5, sy. 58 (2013): 80-87.
  • Mohtadi, Shahrzad. “Climate Change and the Syrian Uprising”. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 16 Ağustos 2012. https://thebulletin.org/2012/08/climate-change-and-the-syrian-uprising/ (10.07.2024).
  • Mourad, Khaldoon A. ve Berndtsson, Ronny. “Syrian Water Resources between the Present and the Future”. Air, Soil and Water Research 4, (2011): 93-100.
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  • Otto, Freiderike E. L., Clarke, Ben, Rahimi, Mohammad, Zachariah, Mariam, Barnes, Clair, Kimutai Joyce, Stewart, Simphiwe, Vahlberg, Maja, Banthiya, Abhinav ve El Hajj, Rana. “Human-Induced Climate Change Compounded by Socio-economic Water Stressors Increased Severity of Drought in Syria, Iraq and Iran”. Report. Grantham Institute: Grantham Institute for Climate Change, 2023.
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  • Saghir, Abdullah. “How Syria Crisis Affects the Potable Water System Efficiency in Non-State Armed Group Controlled Areas”. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management 2, sy. 2 (2018): 20-39.
  • Schleussner, Carl Friedrich, Donges, Jonathan F., Donner, Reik V. ve Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim. “Armed-conflict Risks Enhanced by Climate-related Disasters in Ethnically Fractionalized Countries”. PNAS 113, sy. 33 (2016): 9216-9221.
  • Sottimano, Aurora ve Samman, Nabil. “Syria Has a Water Crisis and It’s not Going Away”. Atlantic Council, 24 Şubat 2022. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/syria-has-a-water-crisis-and-its-not-going-away/ (12.10.2024).
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  • UN OCHA. “Syrian Arab Republic: Euphrates Water Crisis & Drought Outlook”. 17 Haziran 2021. https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-euphrates-water-crisis-drought-outlook-17-june-2021 (10.07.2024).
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Middle East Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Derya Sürmelioğlu Parlar 0000-0002-0236-6001

Arda Özkan 0000-0001-6369-0748

Early Pub Date April 29, 2025
Publication Date May 3, 2025
Submission Date April 13, 2025
Acceptance Date April 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025

Cite

Chicago Sürmelioğlu Parlar, Derya, and Arda Özkan. “21. Yüzyılda Suriye’de Su Güvenliği”. International Journal of Politics and Security 7, no. 1 (May 2025): 110-47. https://doi.org/10.53451/ijps.1675224.

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