COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz

Hakan Tanrıverdi

Clinical Research

COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 18 - 25, 30.04.2025

Hakan Tanrıverdi

Abstract

Amaç: COVID-19 pnömonisi nedeniyle yatarak tedavi gören hastalarda D vitamini düzeylerinin mortalite ve yatış süresi ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 1 Haziran 2020-31 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında COVID 19 tanısıyla yatan toplam 178 hasta retrospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastane yatış süresi ve mortalite ile D vitamini düzeyleri arasında ilişki değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yatış süresi 8,55±5,6 gündü. Yatış süresi ile D vitamini düzeyleri arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Ölen hastalarda D vitamini düzeyleri yaşayan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük saptandı; sırasıyla 12,2±7,1 ng/mL,17,3 ±12,2 ng/mL (p<0,05). D vitamini eksik ya da yetersiz olan hastalarda mortalite oranları D vitamini normal olan hastalardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı; sırasıyla %46,4, %39,3, %14,3 (p=0,025).
Sonuç: D vitamini düzeyleri COVID-19 pnömonisi olan hastalarda mortalite ile ilişkili olabilecek önemli parametre olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

COVİD 19, PNÖMONİ, VİTAMİN D

Ethical Statement

Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan 24.04.2024 tarihinde 2024/08 sayı numarası ile onay alınmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluştan finansal destek alınmamıştır.

References

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). [İnternet]. 2024. [09.07.2024]. Link: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1.
2. Li X, Li T, Wang H. Treatment and prognosis of COVID 19: Current scenario and prospects (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020 Nov 2;20(6):1–1.
3. Grant W, Lahore H, McDonnell S, Baggerly C, French C, Aliano J, et al. Evidence that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of Influenza and COVID-19. Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 2;12(4):988.
4. Ünal O. COVID-19 Tedavisinde Vitamin C ve D. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021 May 1;28 (COVİD-19 Özel sayı: 97–100.
5. Eken Gedik D, Dost Sürücü G. Covid-19 hastalarında serum 25-OH vitamin D3 düzeyleri ve hastalık aktivitesine etkileri: Prospektif kesitsel bir çalışma. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;8(3):181–190.
6. Hastie CE, Mackay DF, Ho F, Celis-Morales CA, Katikireddi SV, Niedzwiedz CL, et al. Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Jul;14(4):561–565.
7. Liu N, Sun J, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao M, Li H. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Mar; 104:58–64.
8. Tan CW, Ho LP, Kalimuddin S, Cherng BPZ, Teh YE, Thien SY, et al. Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020 Nov;79–80:111017.
9. Mardani R, Alamdary A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Gholami R, Ahmadi N, Gholami A. Association of vitamin D with the modulation of the disease severity in COVID-19. Virus Res. 2020 Nov;289:198148.
10. Annweiler C, Hanotte B, Grandin de l’Eprevier C, Sabatier JM, Lafaie L, Célarier T. Vitamin D and survival in COVID-19 patients: A quasi-experimental study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020 Nov;204:105771.
11. Weir EK, Thenappan T, Bhargava M, Chen Y. Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19? Clinical Medicine. 2020 Jul;20(4):e107–8.
12. Osteoporoz ve Diğer Metabolik Kemik Hastalıkları Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Osteoporoz ve metabolik kemik hastalıkları tanı ve tedavi tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu [İnternet]. 2022. [20.05.2024]. Link.https://file.temd.org.tr/uploads/publications/guides/documents/osteoporoz_mkh2022.pdf?a=1.
13. South West London ICB. https://swlimo.southwestlondon.icb.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/SWL-Vitamin-D-Guidelines-for-Adults-and-Children.pdf. Vitamin D Deficiency-Management guidelines for adults and children SWL.
14. Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesçiler S, Onur E, Güvenç Y, Pala T, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2010 Dec 23;10(1):782.
15. Uçar F, Yavuz Taşlıpınar M, Özden Soydaş A, Özcan N. 25-OH Vitamin D Levels in Patients Admitted to Ankara Etlik Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital. European Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2012 Mar 1;2(1):12–5.
16. Sooriyaarachchi P, Jeyakumar DT, King N, Jayawardena R. Impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Aug;44:372–378.
17. Meltzer DO, Best TJ, Zhang H, Vokes T, Arora V, Solway J. Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Sep 3;3(9):e2019722.
18. Tuncer Z. Vitamin D ve COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2021;22:237–240.
19. Özmen HF, Çetin Ö. D Vitamini ve COVID-19. İstanbul Rumeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;1(2):107–120.
20. Kumar R, Rathi H, Haq A, Wimalawansa SJ, Sharma A. Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19. Virus Res. 2021 Jan;292:198235.
21. Singh A, Rastogi A, Puri GD, Ganesh V, Naik NB, Kajal K, et al. Therapeutic high-dose vitamin D for vitamin D-deficient severe COVID-19 disease: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SHADE-S). J Public Health (Bangkok). 2024 May 29;46(2):256–266.
22. Bianconi V, Mannarino MR, Figorilli F, Cosentini E, Batori G, Marini E, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its prognostic impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrition. 2021 Nov;91–92:111408.
23. Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvão Azevedo LM, de Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Feb 10;62(5):1308–1316.
24. Yisak H, Ewunetei A, Kefale B, Mamuye M, Teshome F, Ambaw B, et al. Effects of Vitamin D on COVID-19 Infection and Prognosis: A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jan;Volume 14:31–38.
25. Sulli A, Gotelli E, Casabella A, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Alessandri E, et al. Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 24;13(3):717.
26. Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Lorinsky MK, Karamanis D, Chamorro-Pareja N, Ognibene J, et al. Vitamin D status is associated with in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation: A Cohort of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Apr;96(4):875–886.
27. Karcıoğlu L, Çöklü ZH. Avrupa ülkelerinin D vitamini ortalama düzeyleri ile COVID-19 vaka ve mortalite oranları arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022 May 24;27(2):127–134.
28. Subramanian S, Griffin G, Hewison M, Hopkin J, Kenny RA, Laird E, et al. Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited. J Intern Med. 2022 Oct 15;292(4):604–626.
29. Kumar A, Karn E, Trivedi K, Kumar P, Chauhan G, Kumari A, et al. Procalcitonin as a predictive marker in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Sep9;17(9):e0272840.
30. Miroliaee AE, Salamzadeh J, Shokouhi S, Fatemi A, Ardehali SH, Hajiesmaeili MR, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on procalcitonin as prognostic biomarker in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia complicated with vitamin D deficiency. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017;16(3):1254.
31. Haliloglu M, Bilgili B, Haliloglu O, Yavuz DG, Cinel I. Vitamin D level is associated with mortality predictors in ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2016;10(06):567–574.

Evaluation of the Relationship of Vitamin D Levels with Hospitalization Duration and Mortality in Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 18 - 25, 30.04.2025

Hakan Tanrıverdi

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and mortality and duration of hospital stay in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Material and Methot: Between 1st June 2020 and 31th December 2022, 178 patients were included the study retrospectively. The relationship between vitamin D levels and duration of hospital stay and mortality was investigated.
Findings: Mean duration of hospital stay was 8,55±5,6 days and there was no significant correlation between vitamin D and duration of hopsital stay. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in non survivor than survivor, 12,2±7,1 ng/mL,17,3 ±12,2 ng/mL, respectively (p<0,05). Mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency than patient with normal vitamin D levels, 46,4%, 39,3%, 14,3%, respectively (p=0,025),
Conclusion: Vitamin D level is an important parameter that is related with mortality in patients with COVID 19 pneumonia.

Keywords

COVID 19, PNEUMONIA, VITAMIN D

References

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). [İnternet]. 2024. [09.07.2024]. Link: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1.
2. Li X, Li T, Wang H. Treatment and prognosis of COVID 19: Current scenario and prospects (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020 Nov 2;20(6):1–1.
3. Grant W, Lahore H, McDonnell S, Baggerly C, French C, Aliano J, et al. Evidence that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of Influenza and COVID-19. Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 2;12(4):988.
4. Ünal O. COVID-19 Tedavisinde Vitamin C ve D. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021 May 1;28 (COVİD-19 Özel sayı: 97–100.
5. Eken Gedik D, Dost Sürücü G. Covid-19 hastalarında serum 25-OH vitamin D3 düzeyleri ve hastalık aktivitesine etkileri: Prospektif kesitsel bir çalışma. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;8(3):181–190.
6. Hastie CE, Mackay DF, Ho F, Celis-Morales CA, Katikireddi SV, Niedzwiedz CL, et al. Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Jul;14(4):561–565.
7. Liu N, Sun J, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao M, Li H. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Mar; 104:58–64.
8. Tan CW, Ho LP, Kalimuddin S, Cherng BPZ, Teh YE, Thien SY, et al. Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020 Nov;79–80:111017.
9. Mardani R, Alamdary A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Gholami R, Ahmadi N, Gholami A. Association of vitamin D with the modulation of the disease severity in COVID-19. Virus Res. 2020 Nov;289:198148.
10. Annweiler C, Hanotte B, Grandin de l’Eprevier C, Sabatier JM, Lafaie L, Célarier T. Vitamin D and survival in COVID-19 patients: A quasi-experimental study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020 Nov;204:105771.
11. Weir EK, Thenappan T, Bhargava M, Chen Y. Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19? Clinical Medicine. 2020 Jul;20(4):e107–8.
12. Osteoporoz ve Diğer Metabolik Kemik Hastalıkları Çalışma Grubu. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Osteoporoz ve metabolik kemik hastalıkları tanı ve tedavi tanı ve tedavi kılavuzu [İnternet]. 2022. [20.05.2024]. Link.https://file.temd.org.tr/uploads/publications/guides/documents/osteoporoz_mkh2022.pdf?a=1.
13. South West London ICB. https://swlimo.southwestlondon.icb.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/SWL-Vitamin-D-Guidelines-for-Adults-and-Children.pdf. Vitamin D Deficiency-Management guidelines for adults and children SWL.
14. Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesçiler S, Onur E, Güvenç Y, Pala T, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2010 Dec 23;10(1):782.
15. Uçar F, Yavuz Taşlıpınar M, Özden Soydaş A, Özcan N. 25-OH Vitamin D Levels in Patients Admitted to Ankara Etlik Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital. European Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2012 Mar 1;2(1):12–5.
16. Sooriyaarachchi P, Jeyakumar DT, King N, Jayawardena R. Impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Aug;44:372–378.
17. Meltzer DO, Best TJ, Zhang H, Vokes T, Arora V, Solway J. Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Sep 3;3(9):e2019722.
18. Tuncer Z. Vitamin D ve COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2021;22:237–240.
19. Özmen HF, Çetin Ö. D Vitamini ve COVID-19. İstanbul Rumeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;1(2):107–120.
20. Kumar R, Rathi H, Haq A, Wimalawansa SJ, Sharma A. Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19. Virus Res. 2021 Jan;292:198235.
21. Singh A, Rastogi A, Puri GD, Ganesh V, Naik NB, Kajal K, et al. Therapeutic high-dose vitamin D for vitamin D-deficient severe COVID-19 disease: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SHADE-S). J Public Health (Bangkok). 2024 May 29;46(2):256–266.
22. Bianconi V, Mannarino MR, Figorilli F, Cosentini E, Batori G, Marini E, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its prognostic impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrition. 2021 Nov;91–92:111408.
23. Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvão Azevedo LM, de Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Feb 10;62(5):1308–1316.
24. Yisak H, Ewunetei A, Kefale B, Mamuye M, Teshome F, Ambaw B, et al. Effects of Vitamin D on COVID-19 Infection and Prognosis: A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jan;Volume 14:31–38.
25. Sulli A, Gotelli E, Casabella A, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Alessandri E, et al. Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 24;13(3):717.
26. Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Lorinsky MK, Karamanis D, Chamorro-Pareja N, Ognibene J, et al. Vitamin D status is associated with in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation: A Cohort of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Apr;96(4):875–886.
27. Karcıoğlu L, Çöklü ZH. Avrupa ülkelerinin D vitamini ortalama düzeyleri ile COVID-19 vaka ve mortalite oranları arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022 May 24;27(2):127–134.
28. Subramanian S, Griffin G, Hewison M, Hopkin J, Kenny RA, Laird E, et al. Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited. J Intern Med. 2022 Oct 15;292(4):604–626.
29. Kumar A, Karn E, Trivedi K, Kumar P, Chauhan G, Kumari A, et al. Procalcitonin as a predictive marker in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Sep9;17(9):e0272840.
30. Miroliaee AE, Salamzadeh J, Shokouhi S, Fatemi A, Ardehali SH, Hajiesmaeili MR, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on procalcitonin as prognostic biomarker in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia complicated with vitamin D deficiency. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017;16(3):1254.
31. Haliloglu M, Bilgili B, Haliloglu O, Yavuz DG, Cinel I. Vitamin D level is associated with mortality predictors in ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2016;10(06):567–574.

There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Chest Diseases
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Hakan Tanrıverdi 0000-0001-5691-6876
Publication Date	April 30, 2025
Submission Date	August 24, 2024
Acceptance Date	October 5, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Tanrıverdi, H. (2025). COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz. International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences, 17(1), 18-25.
AMA	Tanrıverdi H. COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz. Int J Tokat Med Sci. April 2025;17(1):18-25.
Chicago	Tanrıverdi, Hakan. “COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi Ve Mortalite Ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz”. International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences 17, no. 1 (April 2025): 18-25.
EndNote	Tanrıverdi H (April 1, 2025) COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz. International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences 17 1 18–25.
IEEE	H. Tanrıverdi, “COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz”, Int J Tokat Med Sci, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 18–25, 2025.
ISNAD	Tanrıverdi, Hakan. “COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi Ve Mortalite Ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz”. International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences 17/1 (April 2025), 18-25.
JAMA	Tanrıverdi H. COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz. Int J Tokat Med Sci. 2025;17:18–25.
MLA	Tanrıverdi, Hakan. “COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi Ve Mortalite Ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz”. International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences, vol. 17, no. 1, 2025, pp. 18-25.
Vancouver	Tanrıverdi H. COVİD-19 Pnömonisi Gelişen Hastalarda Vitamin D Düzeylerinin Hastane Yatış Süresi ve Mortalite ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Analiz. Int J Tokat Med Sci. 2025;17(1):18-25.

Article Files

Full Text

“International Journal of Tokat Medical Sciences” is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC).