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INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 FEAR AND LIFE QUALITY AMONG BIPOLAR DISORDER PATIENTS FOLLOWED BY A COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 378 - 392, 25.06.2025

Kübra Sezer Katar , Şeyma Işık , Gamze Zengin İspir , Ayşe Gökçen Gündoğmuş

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1567475

Abstract

This study aims to determine and investigate COVID-19 fear level, quality of life, and follow-up-related data during the pandemic in patients with bipolar disorder in remission who were followed up at a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC). The study included 42 individuals who admitted to the CMHC unit between June and July 2022. Participants were assessed by using a sociodemographic data form, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). The data were analyzed using independent groups T-test and Pearson correlation test. During the pandemic, no change was determined in the frequency of psychiatric hospitalizations in 95.2% (n=40), and manic and/or depressive episodes in 69% (n=29) of the patients. While 92.9% (n=39) of the patients reported no difficulty attending psychiatric follow-ups, 64.3% (n=27) stated that they did not experience COVID-19-related challenges accessing non-psychiatric services. The average COVID-19 fear score was 15.21±7.57, WHODAS 2.0 was 10.29±7.27, and CGI was 2.57±0.77. No significant relationships were found between the variables (p>0.05). In conclusion, the stability in episode frequency and hospital follow-ups during the pandemic highlights the importance of CMHC monitoring, emphasizing the need to enhance such services, especially during crises.

Keywords

Bipolar disorder Covid-19 Virus Mental health services Quality of life

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8 Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y. & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The association between health status and insomnia, mental health, and preventive behaviors: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420966081. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721420966081
  • Andrews, G., Kemp, A., Sunderland, M., Von Korff, M. & Ustun, T. B. (2009). Normative data for the 12 item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. PloS one, 4(12), e8343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008343
  • Aslan Kunt, D. & Dereboy, F. (2018). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yetiyitimi Değerlendirme Çizelgesi'nin (WHODAS 2.0) Türkçe Çevirisinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Psikiyatri Hastaları ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde İncelenmesi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.5080/u20481
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O. & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Carta, M. G., Ouali, U., Perra, A., Ben Cheikh Ahmed, A., Boe, L., Aissa, A., . . . Preti, A. (2021). Living with bipolar disorder in the time of Covid-19: biorhythms during the severe lockdown in Cagliari, Italy, and the moderate lockdown in Tunis, Tunisia. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 634765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634765
  • Castelpietra, G., Colli, C., Tossut, D., Furlan, M., Balestrieri, M., Starace, F., . . . Salvador-Carulla, L. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on community-oriented mental health services: The experience of Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy. Health Policy and Technology, 10(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.12.002
  • CDC Covid-19 Response Team, B., S , Boundy, E., Bowen, V., Chow, N., Cohn, A., Dowling, N., . . . Gierke, R. (2020). Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020| MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69, 343-346. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2.
  • Clerici, M., Durbano, F., Spinogatti, F., Vita, A., de Girolamo, G. & Micciolo, R. (2020). Psychiatric hospitalization rates in Italy before and during COVID-19: did they change? An analysis of register data. Irish journal of psychological medicine, 37(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.29
  • Dickerson, F., Katsafanas, E., Newman, T., Origoni, A., Rowe, K., Squire, A., . . . Yolken, R. (2022). Experiences of persons with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatric Services, 73(2), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202100130
  • Fofana, N. K., Latif, F., Sarfraz, S., Bilal, Bashir, M. F. & Komal, B. (2020). Fear and agony of the pandemic leading to stress and mental illness: An emerging crisis in the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113230
  • Fornaro, M., De Prisco, M., Billeci, M., Ermini, E., Young, A. H., Lafer, B., . . . de Bartolomeis, A. (2021). Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with bipolar disorders: A scoping review. Journal of affective disorders, 295, 740-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.091
  • González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C. & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
  • Goularte, J. F., Serafim, S. D., Colombo, R., Hogg, B., Caldieraro, M. A. & Rosa, A. R. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: Psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Journal of psychiatric research, 132, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.021
  • Guy, W. (1976). Clinical Global Impression. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Rockville, MI: National Institute of Mental Health.
  • Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... Everall, I. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  • Karantonis, J. A., Rossell, S. L., Berk, M. & Van Rheenen, T. E. (2021). The mental health and lifestyle impacts of COVID-19 on bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 282, 442-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.186
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A. & Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(23), e82. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005835
  • Koenders, M., Mesbah, R., Spijker, A., Boere, E., de Leeuw, M., van Hemert, B. & Giltay, E. (2021). Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a preexisting longitudinal study of patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder: Indications for increases in manic symptoms. Brain and behavior, 11(11), e2326. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2326
  • Liu, C. H., Zhang, E., Wong, G. T. F. & Hyun, S. (2020). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for US young adult mental health. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172
  • Melamed, O. C., Hahn, M. K., Agarwal, S. M., Taylor, V. H., Mulsant, B. H. & Selby, P. (2020). Physical health among people with serious mental illness in the face of COVID-19: Concerns and mitigation strategies. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.013
  • Murray, G., Gottlieb, J. & Swartz, H. A. (2021). Maintaining daily routines to stabilize mood: theory, data, and potential intervention for circadian consequences of COVID-19. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720957825
  • Orhan, M., Korten, N., Paans, N., de Walle, B., Kupka, R., van Oppen, P., . . . Dols, A. (2021). Psychiatric symptoms during the COVID‐19 outbreak in older adults with bipolar disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 36(6), 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5489
  • Öztürk Çopur, E. & Karasu, F. (2021). The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life and depression, anxiety, and stress levels of individuals above the age of eighteen. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(4), 1645-1655. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12730
  • Pinkham, A. E., Ackerman, R. A., Depp, C. A., Harvey, P. D. & Moore, R. C. (2020). A longitudinal investigation of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of individuals with pre-existing severe mental illnesses. Psychiatry Research, 294, 113493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113493
  • Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). Bipolar disorder, COVID-19, and the risk of relapse. Bipolar Disorders, 22(6), 640. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12947
  • Stefana, A., Youngstrom, E. A., Chen, J., Hinshaw, S., Maxwell, V., Michalak, E. & Vieta, E. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 22(6), 641. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12949
  • Şimşir, Z., Koç, H., Seki, T. & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: A meta-analysis. Death Studies, 46(3), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1889097
  • Tundo, A., Betro’, S. & Necci, R. (2021). What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing mood or anxiety disorder? An observational prospective study. Medicina, 57(4), 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040304
  • Üstün, T. B., Chatterji, S., Kostanjsek, N., Rehm, J., Kennedy, C., Epping-Jordan, J., . . . Pull, C. (2010). Developing the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 815-823. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.09.067231
  • Van Rheenen, T. E., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Toh, W. L. & Rossell, S. L. (2020). Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Journal of affective disorders, 275, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037 Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., . . . Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PloS one, 15(5), e0233410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410
  • Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M., Gill, H., Phan, L., . . . Majeed, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
  • Yalçın, M., Baş, A., Bilici, R., Özdemir, Y. Ö., Beştepe, E. E., Kurnaz, S., . . . Koyu, E. (2021). Psychiatric emergency visit trends and characteristics in a mental health epicenter in Istanbul during COVID-19 lockdown. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56, 2299-2310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02171-0

TOPLUM RUH SAĞLIĞI MERKEZİ’NDE TAKİPLİ BİPOLAR BOZUKLUK TANILI BİREYLERİN COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE TAKİP SÜRECİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 378 - 392, 25.06.2025

Kübra Sezer Katar , Şeyma Işık , Gamze Zengin İspir , Ayşe Gökçen Gündoğmuş

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1567475

Abstract

Amacımız Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezi’nde (TRSM) takip edilmekte olan remisyonda bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastaların COVID-19 korku düzeyini, yaşam kalitesini ve pandemi sürecinde takiplerine ilişkin verileri saptamaktır. Araştırmaya Dışkapı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi TRSM birimine Haziran 2022 ila Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında başvuran 42 kişi dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar sosyodemografik veri formu, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yetiyitimi Değerlendirme Çizelgesi 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), Klinik Global İzlenim Ölçeği (KGİ) uygulanmıştır. Veriler bağımsız gruplar T-testi, Pearson korelasyon testi ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Pandemi süresince, hastaların %95.2’sinde (n=40) psikiyatri servisi yatış sıklığında; %69’unda (n=29) manik ve/veya depresif atak sıklığında değişiklik olmadığı saptandı. Hastaların %92.9’u (n=39) psikiyatri kontrollerine devam etmekte zorlanmazken %64.3’ünün (n=27) psikiyatri dışı bölümlere gitmekte COVID-19 kaynaklı zorluk yaşamadığını bildirdiği saptandı. COVID-19 korku puan ortalaması 15.21±7.57, WHODAS 2.0 10.29±7.27 ve KGİ 2.57±0.77 olarak saptandı. Değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak TRSM takibindeki hastaların pandemi döneminde atak sıklığında, hastane takiplerinde pandemi öncesi döneme göre bir farklılık olmaması TRSM takiplerinin önemini göstermiştir. Çalışmamız ülkemizde TRSM faaliyetlerinin öne çıkarılması ve pandemi gibi kriz dönemlerinde faaliyetlerinin daha da iyileştirilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

Bipolar bozukluk Covid-19 virüs Ruh sağlığı hizmetleri Yaşam kalitesi.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma Helsinki Deklarasyonu’na uygun olarak yürütülmüştür ve gerekli izin çalışma öncesinde Dışkapı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi etik kurulundan alınmıştır (tarih: 06.06.2022, karar no: 139/19).

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

-

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8 Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y. & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The association between health status and insomnia, mental health, and preventive behaviors: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420966081. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721420966081
  • Andrews, G., Kemp, A., Sunderland, M., Von Korff, M. & Ustun, T. B. (2009). Normative data for the 12 item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. PloS one, 4(12), e8343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008343
  • Aslan Kunt, D. & Dereboy, F. (2018). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yetiyitimi Değerlendirme Çizelgesi'nin (WHODAS 2.0) Türkçe Çevirisinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Psikiyatri Hastaları ve Sağlıklı Kontrollerde İncelenmesi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.5080/u20481
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O. & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Carta, M. G., Ouali, U., Perra, A., Ben Cheikh Ahmed, A., Boe, L., Aissa, A., . . . Preti, A. (2021). Living with bipolar disorder in the time of Covid-19: biorhythms during the severe lockdown in Cagliari, Italy, and the moderate lockdown in Tunis, Tunisia. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 634765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634765
  • Castelpietra, G., Colli, C., Tossut, D., Furlan, M., Balestrieri, M., Starace, F., . . . Salvador-Carulla, L. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on community-oriented mental health services: The experience of Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy. Health Policy and Technology, 10(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.12.002
  • CDC Covid-19 Response Team, B., S , Boundy, E., Bowen, V., Chow, N., Cohn, A., Dowling, N., . . . Gierke, R. (2020). Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020| MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69, 343-346. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2.
  • Clerici, M., Durbano, F., Spinogatti, F., Vita, A., de Girolamo, G. & Micciolo, R. (2020). Psychiatric hospitalization rates in Italy before and during COVID-19: did they change? An analysis of register data. Irish journal of psychological medicine, 37(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.29
  • Dickerson, F., Katsafanas, E., Newman, T., Origoni, A., Rowe, K., Squire, A., . . . Yolken, R. (2022). Experiences of persons with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatric Services, 73(2), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202100130
  • Fofana, N. K., Latif, F., Sarfraz, S., Bilal, Bashir, M. F. & Komal, B. (2020). Fear and agony of the pandemic leading to stress and mental illness: An emerging crisis in the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113230
  • Fornaro, M., De Prisco, M., Billeci, M., Ermini, E., Young, A. H., Lafer, B., . . . de Bartolomeis, A. (2021). Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with bipolar disorders: A scoping review. Journal of affective disorders, 295, 740-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.091
  • González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C. & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
  • Goularte, J. F., Serafim, S. D., Colombo, R., Hogg, B., Caldieraro, M. A. & Rosa, A. R. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: Psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Journal of psychiatric research, 132, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.021
  • Guy, W. (1976). Clinical Global Impression. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Rockville, MI: National Institute of Mental Health.
  • Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... Everall, I. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  • Karantonis, J. A., Rossell, S. L., Berk, M. & Van Rheenen, T. E. (2021). The mental health and lifestyle impacts of COVID-19 on bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 282, 442-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.186
  • Keesara, S., Jonas, A. & Schulman, K. (2020). Covid-19 and health care’s digital revolution. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(23), e82. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005835
  • Koenders, M., Mesbah, R., Spijker, A., Boere, E., de Leeuw, M., van Hemert, B. & Giltay, E. (2021). Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a preexisting longitudinal study of patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder: Indications for increases in manic symptoms. Brain and behavior, 11(11), e2326. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2326
  • Liu, C. H., Zhang, E., Wong, G. T. F. & Hyun, S. (2020). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for US young adult mental health. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172
  • Melamed, O. C., Hahn, M. K., Agarwal, S. M., Taylor, V. H., Mulsant, B. H. & Selby, P. (2020). Physical health among people with serious mental illness in the face of COVID-19: Concerns and mitigation strategies. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.013
  • Murray, G., Gottlieb, J. & Swartz, H. A. (2021). Maintaining daily routines to stabilize mood: theory, data, and potential intervention for circadian consequences of COVID-19. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720957825
  • Orhan, M., Korten, N., Paans, N., de Walle, B., Kupka, R., van Oppen, P., . . . Dols, A. (2021). Psychiatric symptoms during the COVID‐19 outbreak in older adults with bipolar disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 36(6), 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5489
  • Öztürk Çopur, E. & Karasu, F. (2021). The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life and depression, anxiety, and stress levels of individuals above the age of eighteen. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(4), 1645-1655. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12730
  • Pinkham, A. E., Ackerman, R. A., Depp, C. A., Harvey, P. D. & Moore, R. C. (2020). A longitudinal investigation of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of individuals with pre-existing severe mental illnesses. Psychiatry Research, 294, 113493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113493
  • Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). Bipolar disorder, COVID-19, and the risk of relapse. Bipolar Disorders, 22(6), 640. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12947
  • Stefana, A., Youngstrom, E. A., Chen, J., Hinshaw, S., Maxwell, V., Michalak, E. & Vieta, E. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 22(6), 641. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12949
  • Şimşir, Z., Koç, H., Seki, T. & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: A meta-analysis. Death Studies, 46(3), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1889097
  • Tundo, A., Betro’, S. & Necci, R. (2021). What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing mood or anxiety disorder? An observational prospective study. Medicina, 57(4), 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040304
  • Üstün, T. B., Chatterji, S., Kostanjsek, N., Rehm, J., Kennedy, C., Epping-Jordan, J., . . . Pull, C. (2010). Developing the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 815-823. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.09.067231
  • Van Rheenen, T. E., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Toh, W. L. & Rossell, S. L. (2020). Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Journal of affective disorders, 275, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037 Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., . . . Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PloS one, 15(5), e0233410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410
  • Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M., Gill, H., Phan, L., . . . Majeed, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
  • Yalçın, M., Baş, A., Bilici, R., Özdemir, Y. Ö., Beştepe, E. E., Kurnaz, S., . . . Koyu, E. (2021). Psychiatric emergency visit trends and characteristics in a mental health epicenter in Istanbul during COVID-19 lockdown. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56, 2299-2310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02171-0
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mental Health Services
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Kübra Sezer Katar 0000-0001-7184-7960

Şeyma Işık 0000-0002-5622-2572

Gamze Zengin İspir 0000-0003-3936-6619

Ayşe Gökçen Gündoğmuş 0000-0002-1594-7542

Early Pub Date June 17, 2025
Publication Date June 25, 2025
Submission Date October 15, 2024
Acceptance Date March 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sezer Katar, K., Işık, Ş., Zengin İspir, G., Gündoğmuş, A. G. (2025). INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 FEAR AND LIFE QUALITY AMONG BIPOLAR DISORDER PATIENTS FOLLOWED BY A COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 13(2), 378-392. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1567475
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