Research Article
Relation of 25-meter Swimming Performance with Physical Properties and Isokinetic Knee Strength in Amateur Young Swimmers
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical properties,
isokinetic knee strength and swimming performance in young amateur athletes. Seventeen 18-
24 year old amateur swimmers (n=13 males, mean age=20.0 ± 2.1 years; n=4 females, mean
age=21.5 ± 1.7 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All athletes were member of the
same team who were engaged to the swim training at least for 4 years. Following the 5-min
warm up session, each participant performed three submaximal trials for familiarization and
warm-up purposes, and then five maximal trials at three angular velocities: 60, 120, and
180ᵒ/s. A 30-s time interval was provided between familiarization and test session, whereas a
2-min rest period was given between each test velocity. A 25-m swimming performance was
recorded in semi-olympic swimming pool, under race conditions. The results demonstrated
that there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between height, body mass, BMI,
and swimming performance (p<0.05 and 0.01), also, there was a significant inverse
relationship between isokinetic knee strength and swimming performance (p<0.01). However,
there is no significant differences between H/Q ratio and 25-m swimming performance
(p>0.05). In conclusion, the lower limb muscle strength is as important as upper limb muscle
strength and a combination of lower limb muscle strength and anthropometric variables are
important for sprint swimming performance.
isokinetic knee strength and swimming performance in young amateur athletes. Seventeen 18-
24 year old amateur swimmers (n=13 males, mean age=20.0 ± 2.1 years; n=4 females, mean
age=21.5 ± 1.7 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All athletes were member of the
same team who were engaged to the swim training at least for 4 years. Following the 5-min
warm up session, each participant performed three submaximal trials for familiarization and
warm-up purposes, and then five maximal trials at three angular velocities: 60, 120, and
180ᵒ/s. A 30-s time interval was provided between familiarization and test session, whereas a
2-min rest period was given between each test velocity. A 25-m swimming performance was
recorded in semi-olympic swimming pool, under race conditions. The results demonstrated
that there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between height, body mass, BMI,
and swimming performance (p<0.05 and 0.01), also, there was a significant inverse
relationship between isokinetic knee strength and swimming performance (p<0.01). However,
there is no significant differences between H/Q ratio and 25-m swimming performance
(p>0.05). In conclusion, the lower limb muscle strength is as important as upper limb muscle
strength and a combination of lower limb muscle strength and anthropometric variables are
important for sprint swimming performance.
References
- Aagaard P, Simonsen EB, Trolle M, Bangsbo J, Klausen K (1995). "Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio: influence from joint angular velocity, gravity correction and contraction mode." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 154(4): 421-427.
- Çakır Atabek H, Sönmez GA, Yilmaz İ (2009). "The relationship between isokinetic strength of knee extensors/flexors, jumping and anaerobic performance." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 17(2): 79-83.
- Bassa H, Michailidis H, Kotzamanidis C, Siatras T, Chatzikotoulas K (2002). "Concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee torque in pre-pubeiscent male gymnasts." Journal of Human Movement Studies, 42(3): 213-227.
- Bober T, Pietraszewski B (1996). "Strength of muscle groups in swimmers." Biology of Sport, 13: 155-164.
- Duche P, Falgairette G, Bedu M, Lac G, Robert A, Coudert J (1993). "Analysis of performance of prepubertal swimmers assessed from anthropometric and bio-energetic characteristics." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 66(5): 467-471.
- Gola R, Urbanik C, Iwańska D, Madej A (2014). "Relationship between muscle strength and front crawl swimming velocity." Human Movement, 15(2): 110-115.
- Grimston SK, Hay JG (1986). "Relationships among anthropometric and stroking characteristics of college swimmers." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18(1): 60- 68.
- Holm I, Ludvigsen P, Steen H (1994). "Isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps ratios: normal values and reproducibility in sport students." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 4(4): 141-145.
- Juárez Santos-García D, González-Ravé JM, Legaz Arrese A, Portillo Yabar LJ, Clemente Suárez VJ, Newton RU (2013). "Acute effects of two resisted exercises on 25 m swimming performance." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21(1): 29-35.
- Knechtle B, Baumann B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T (2010). "Speed during training and anthropometric measures in relation to race performance by male and female open-water ultra-endurance swimmers." Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(2): 463-474.
- Malliou P, Ispirlidis I, Beneka A, Taxildaris K, Godolias G (2003). "Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3): 165-169.
- Mameletzi D, Siatras Th (2003). "Sex differences in isokinetic strength and power of knee muscles in 10–12 year old swimmers." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(4): 231-237.
- Mameletzi D, Siatras Th, Tsalis G, Kellis S (2003). "The relationship between lean body mass and isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors in young male and female swimmers." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3): 159-163.
- Rosene JM, Fogarty TD, Mahaffey BL (2001). "Isokinetic hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes." Journal of Athletic Training, 36(4): 378.
- Sharp RL, Troup JP, Costill DL (1982). "Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(1): 53-56.
- Tsiokanos A, Kellis E, Jamurtas A, Kellis S (2002). "The relationship between jumping performance and isokinetic strength of hip and knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 10(2): 107-116.
- Yamamura C, Zushi S, Takata K, Ishiko T, Matsui N, Kitagawa K (1999). "Physiological characteristics of well-trained synchronized swimmers in relation to performance scores." International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(04): 246-251.
- Zampagni ML, Casino D, Benelli P, Visani A, Marcacci M, De Vito G (2008). "Anthropometric and strength variables to predict freestyle performance times in elite master swimmers." The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4): 1298-1307.
Year 2017,
Volume 5 - Issue 2, 68 - 75, 30.06.2017
Abstract
References
- Aagaard P, Simonsen EB, Trolle M, Bangsbo J, Klausen K (1995). "Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio: influence from joint angular velocity, gravity correction and contraction mode." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 154(4): 421-427.
- Çakır Atabek H, Sönmez GA, Yilmaz İ (2009). "The relationship between isokinetic strength of knee extensors/flexors, jumping and anaerobic performance." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 17(2): 79-83.
- Bassa H, Michailidis H, Kotzamanidis C, Siatras T, Chatzikotoulas K (2002). "Concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee torque in pre-pubeiscent male gymnasts." Journal of Human Movement Studies, 42(3): 213-227.
- Bober T, Pietraszewski B (1996). "Strength of muscle groups in swimmers." Biology of Sport, 13: 155-164.
- Duche P, Falgairette G, Bedu M, Lac G, Robert A, Coudert J (1993). "Analysis of performance of prepubertal swimmers assessed from anthropometric and bio-energetic characteristics." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 66(5): 467-471.
- Gola R, Urbanik C, Iwańska D, Madej A (2014). "Relationship between muscle strength and front crawl swimming velocity." Human Movement, 15(2): 110-115.
- Grimston SK, Hay JG (1986). "Relationships among anthropometric and stroking characteristics of college swimmers." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18(1): 60- 68.
- Holm I, Ludvigsen P, Steen H (1994). "Isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps ratios: normal values and reproducibility in sport students." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 4(4): 141-145.
- Juárez Santos-García D, González-Ravé JM, Legaz Arrese A, Portillo Yabar LJ, Clemente Suárez VJ, Newton RU (2013). "Acute effects of two resisted exercises on 25 m swimming performance." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21(1): 29-35.
- Knechtle B, Baumann B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T (2010). "Speed during training and anthropometric measures in relation to race performance by male and female open-water ultra-endurance swimmers." Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(2): 463-474.
- Malliou P, Ispirlidis I, Beneka A, Taxildaris K, Godolias G (2003). "Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3): 165-169.
- Mameletzi D, Siatras Th (2003). "Sex differences in isokinetic strength and power of knee muscles in 10–12 year old swimmers." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(4): 231-237.
- Mameletzi D, Siatras Th, Tsalis G, Kellis S (2003). "The relationship between lean body mass and isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors in young male and female swimmers." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3): 159-163.
- Rosene JM, Fogarty TD, Mahaffey BL (2001). "Isokinetic hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes." Journal of Athletic Training, 36(4): 378.
- Sharp RL, Troup JP, Costill DL (1982). "Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(1): 53-56.
- Tsiokanos A, Kellis E, Jamurtas A, Kellis S (2002). "The relationship between jumping performance and isokinetic strength of hip and knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors." Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 10(2): 107-116.
- Yamamura C, Zushi S, Takata K, Ishiko T, Matsui N, Kitagawa K (1999). "Physiological characteristics of well-trained synchronized swimmers in relation to performance scores." International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(04): 246-251.
- Zampagni ML, Casino D, Benelli P, Visani A, Marcacci M, De Vito G (2008). "Anthropometric and strength variables to predict freestyle performance times in elite master swimmers." The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4): 1298-1307.
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume 5 - Issue 2 |
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).