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Thermal and Corrosion Properties of Binary Al-Ce alloys

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 36, 30.07.2025

Sezgin Cengiz , Yunus Azaklı , Kral Ali Coşan , Ebru Ceylan , Aytekin Uzunoğlu , Mehmet Tarakçı , Yücel Gencer

Abstract

In this study, binary Al-xCe (x = 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 18 wt.%) alloys were synthesized, and the effect of cerium (Ce) on microstructures, thermal, and corrosion properties was systematically investigated. XRD analyses revealed the presence of α-Al and Al₁₁Ce₃ phases in the alloys. The addition of Ce significantly reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion, decreasing from approximately 28.09 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ to 26.50 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹. The addition of Ce, especially at low concentrations, adversely affected the corrosion resistance of Al by introducing structural defects into the matrix. The increase in Ce content in the alloys led to an enhancement in its hardness.

Keywords

Aluminum cerium Al-Ce alloy thermal expansion corrosion

Ethical Statement

The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest to this work. The work is in its current state is original, unpublished and not being considered for publication elsewhere.

Supporting Institution

GEBZE TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Project Number

GTÜ BAP A105-61

Thanks

Acknowledges financial support of Gebze Technical University through the program number BAP A105-61. The authors would like to express their thanks to technicians Ahmet Nazim and Adem Sen for their technical assistance in performing the analytical measurements during the experimental SEM, EDS, and XRD studies.

References

  • Abboud, J., & Mazumder, J. (2020). Developing of nano sized fibrous eutectic silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy by laser remelting. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69072-1
  • Aydın, F. (2023). A review of recent developments in the corrosion performance of aluminium matrix composites. In Journal of Alloys and Compounds (Vol. 949). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169508
  • CENGİZ, S. (2020). Farklı Miktarlarda Seryum ve Silisyum İçeren Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.723326
  • Cengiz, S. (2020). Synthesis of eutectic Al–18Ce alloy and effect of cerium on the PEO coating growth. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.122897
  • Cengiz, S., Aboulfadl, H., & Thuvander, M. (2023). Effect of Ce addition on microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. Materials Today Communications, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105518
  • Chang, Z., Liu, L., Sui, Z., Yan, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Yang, M. (2024). Effect of Aging Temperature on Pitting Corrosion of AA6063 Aluminum Alloy. Metals and Materials International, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01587-4
  • Chen, X., Wang, Z., Yu, S., & Li, G. (2024). Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in NaCl solution Using a mixture of alkanol amine and calcium nitrite: Electrochemical and microscopic evaluation. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 19(11), 100802. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100802
  • Czerwinski, F. (2020). Thermal stability of aluminum alloys. In Materials (Vol. 13, Issue 15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153441
  • Czerwinski, F. (2021). Current trends in automotive lightweighting strategies and materials. Materials, 14(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216631
  • Czerwinski, F., & Amirkhiz, B. S. (2020). On the Al-Al11Ce3 eutectic transformation in aluminum-cerium binary alloys. Materials, 13(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204549
  • de Sousa Araujo, J. V., Milagre, M. X., Ferreira, R. O., de Souza Carvalho Machado, C., de Abreu, C. P., & Costa, I. (2020). Microstructural Characteristics of the Al Alloys: The Dissimilarities Among the 2XXX Alloys Series used in Aircraft Structures. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-020-00688-5
  • Du, Y., Chang, Y. A., Huang, B., Gong, W., Jin, Z., Xu, H., Yuan, Z., Liu, Y., He, Y., & Xie, F.-Y. (2003). Diffusion coefficients of some solutes in fcc and liquid Al: critical evaluation and correlation. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 363(1–2), 140–151.
  • Fan, S., Chen, M., Jiang, K., Lan, Y., & Rong, G. (2023). The effects of Cu and Mg contents on the thermal stability of 6XXX-series aluminum alloy. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132221148909
  • Gao, M. C., Ünlü, N., Shiflet, G. J., Mihalkovic, M., & Widom, M. (2005). Reassessment of Al-Ce and Al-Nd binary systems supported by critical experiments and first-principles energy calculations. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 36(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0001-y
  • Noori, Mohsen., yousefpour, Mardali., Abdollah-Pour, Hassan., & Pishbin, Hassan. (2025). Influence of current density on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on pure Zr. Results in Engineering, 26, 105204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105204
  • Sims, Z. C., Rios, O. R., Weiss, D., Turchi, P. E. A., Perron, A., Lee, J. R. I., Li, T. T., Hammons, J. A., Bagge-Hansen, M., Willey, T. M., An, K., Chen, Y., King, A. H., & McCall, S. K. (2017). High performance aluminum-cerium alloys for high-temperature applications. Materials Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00391a
  • Van Der Hoeven, J. A., Zhuang, L., Schepers, B., De Smet, P., & Baekelandt, J. P. (2002). A new 5xxx series alloy developed for automotive applications. SAE Technical Papers. https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2128
  • Wang, L., Makhlouf, M., & Apelian, D. (1995). Aluminium die casting alloys: Alloy composition, microstructure, and properties-performance relationships. International Materials Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1995.40.6.221
  • Weiss, D. (2019). Improved High-Temperature Aluminum Alloys Containing Cerium. In Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-3884-2
  • Weiss, D., Rios, O., Sims, Z., McCall, S., & Ott, R. (2017). Casting Characteristics of High Cerium Content Aluminum Alloys. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_28 Zamani, M. (2015). Al-Si Cast Alloys -Microstructure and Mechanical Properties at Ambient and Elevated Temperature. Jönköping University.
  • Zhang, X., Sui, Y., Jiang, Y., & Wang, Q. (2022). Effect of Ce on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu Alloy. Metals, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030371
  • Zhou, X., & Xiong, H. (2022). Corrosion behavior of Al-Ce alloys in 3.5%NaCl solution. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 17. https://doi.org/10.20964/2022.02.06
  • Zhu, H., & Li, J. (2024). Advancements in corrosion protection for aerospace aluminum alloys through surface treatment. In International Journal of Electrochemical Science (Vol. 19, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100487

İkili Al-Ce Alaşımlarının Termal ve Korozyon Özellikleri

Year 2025, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 36, 30.07.2025

Sezgin Cengiz , Yunus Azaklı , Kral Ali Coşan , Ebru Ceylan , Aytekin Uzunoğlu , Mehmet Tarakçı , Yücel Gencer

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ikili Al-xCe (x = 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 ve 18 ağırlıkça %) alaşımları sentezlenmiş ve seryumun (Ce) mikro yapı, termal ve korozyon özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. XRD analizleri, alaşımlarda α-Al ve Al₁₁Ce₃ fazlarının varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Ce ilavesi, termal genleşme katsayısını önemli ölçüde azaltmış; bu değer yaklaşık 28,09 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹'den 26,50 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹'ye düşmüştür. Özellikle düşük konsantrasyonlardaki Ce ilavesi, matris içine yapısal kusurlar sokarak Al’nin korozyon direncini olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Alaşımlardaki Ce içeriğinin artması ise sertliğinde bir artışa neden olmuştur.

Keywords

Alüminyum seryum Al-Ce alaşımı termal genleşme korozyon

Project Number

GTÜ BAP A105-61

References

  • Abboud, J., & Mazumder, J. (2020). Developing of nano sized fibrous eutectic silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy by laser remelting. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69072-1
  • Aydın, F. (2023). A review of recent developments in the corrosion performance of aluminium matrix composites. In Journal of Alloys and Compounds (Vol. 949). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169508
  • CENGİZ, S. (2020). Farklı Miktarlarda Seryum ve Silisyum İçeren Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.723326
  • Cengiz, S. (2020). Synthesis of eutectic Al–18Ce alloy and effect of cerium on the PEO coating growth. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.122897
  • Cengiz, S., Aboulfadl, H., & Thuvander, M. (2023). Effect of Ce addition on microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. Materials Today Communications, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105518
  • Chang, Z., Liu, L., Sui, Z., Yan, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Yang, M. (2024). Effect of Aging Temperature on Pitting Corrosion of AA6063 Aluminum Alloy. Metals and Materials International, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01587-4
  • Chen, X., Wang, Z., Yu, S., & Li, G. (2024). Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in NaCl solution Using a mixture of alkanol amine and calcium nitrite: Electrochemical and microscopic evaluation. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 19(11), 100802. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100802
  • Czerwinski, F. (2020). Thermal stability of aluminum alloys. In Materials (Vol. 13, Issue 15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153441
  • Czerwinski, F. (2021). Current trends in automotive lightweighting strategies and materials. Materials, 14(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216631
  • Czerwinski, F., & Amirkhiz, B. S. (2020). On the Al-Al11Ce3 eutectic transformation in aluminum-cerium binary alloys. Materials, 13(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204549
  • de Sousa Araujo, J. V., Milagre, M. X., Ferreira, R. O., de Souza Carvalho Machado, C., de Abreu, C. P., & Costa, I. (2020). Microstructural Characteristics of the Al Alloys: The Dissimilarities Among the 2XXX Alloys Series used in Aircraft Structures. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-020-00688-5
  • Du, Y., Chang, Y. A., Huang, B., Gong, W., Jin, Z., Xu, H., Yuan, Z., Liu, Y., He, Y., & Xie, F.-Y. (2003). Diffusion coefficients of some solutes in fcc and liquid Al: critical evaluation and correlation. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 363(1–2), 140–151.
  • Fan, S., Chen, M., Jiang, K., Lan, Y., & Rong, G. (2023). The effects of Cu and Mg contents on the thermal stability of 6XXX-series aluminum alloy. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132221148909
  • Gao, M. C., Ünlü, N., Shiflet, G. J., Mihalkovic, M., & Widom, M. (2005). Reassessment of Al-Ce and Al-Nd binary systems supported by critical experiments and first-principles energy calculations. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 36(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0001-y
  • Noori, Mohsen., yousefpour, Mardali., Abdollah-Pour, Hassan., & Pishbin, Hassan. (2025). Influence of current density on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on pure Zr. Results in Engineering, 26, 105204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105204
  • Sims, Z. C., Rios, O. R., Weiss, D., Turchi, P. E. A., Perron, A., Lee, J. R. I., Li, T. T., Hammons, J. A., Bagge-Hansen, M., Willey, T. M., An, K., Chen, Y., King, A. H., & McCall, S. K. (2017). High performance aluminum-cerium alloys for high-temperature applications. Materials Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00391a
  • Van Der Hoeven, J. A., Zhuang, L., Schepers, B., De Smet, P., & Baekelandt, J. P. (2002). A new 5xxx series alloy developed for automotive applications. SAE Technical Papers. https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2128
  • Wang, L., Makhlouf, M., & Apelian, D. (1995). Aluminium die casting alloys: Alloy composition, microstructure, and properties-performance relationships. International Materials Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1995.40.6.221
  • Weiss, D. (2019). Improved High-Temperature Aluminum Alloys Containing Cerium. In Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-3884-2
  • Weiss, D., Rios, O., Sims, Z., McCall, S., & Ott, R. (2017). Casting Characteristics of High Cerium Content Aluminum Alloys. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_28 Zamani, M. (2015). Al-Si Cast Alloys -Microstructure and Mechanical Properties at Ambient and Elevated Temperature. Jönköping University.
  • Zhang, X., Sui, Y., Jiang, Y., & Wang, Q. (2022). Effect of Ce on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Al-5Mg-3Zn-1Cu Alloy. Metals, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030371
  • Zhou, X., & Xiong, H. (2022). Corrosion behavior of Al-Ce alloys in 3.5%NaCl solution. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 17. https://doi.org/10.20964/2022.02.06
  • Zhu, H., & Li, J. (2024). Advancements in corrosion protection for aerospace aluminum alloys through surface treatment. In International Journal of Electrochemical Science (Vol. 19, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2024.100487
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Characterization
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sezgin Cengiz

Yunus Azaklı

Kral Ali Coşan 0000-0002-5463-2674

Ebru Ceylan

Aytekin Uzunoğlu

Mehmet Tarakçı 0000-0002-0289-770X

Yücel Gencer

Project Number GTÜ BAP A105-61
Publication Date July 30, 2025
Submission Date July 7, 2025
Acceptance Date July 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Cengiz, S., Azaklı, Y., Coşan, K. A., Ceylan, E., et al. (2025). Thermal and Corrosion Properties of Binary Al-Ce alloys. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 2(2), 31-36.