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Derebaşı (Kaçkar Dağı) Kaya Buzulunun Jeomorfolojisi Ve Kinematik Özellikleri

Year 2025, Issue: 14, 74 - 96, 15.04.2025

Serdar Yeşilyurt

https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1633480
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kaya buzulları, yüksek dağlık ortamlarda önemli periglasyal yer şekilleri olup, permafrost dağılımının ve iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin belirlenmesinde kritik göstergelerden biridir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin en geniş periglasyal alanlarından biri olan Kaçkar Dağları’ndaki Derebaşı Kaya Buzulu’nun jeomorfolojik özelliklerini ve kinematik davranışlarını incelemektedir. GNSS destekli İHA fotogrametrisi kullanılarak yüksek çözünürlüklü Sayısal Yüzey Modelleri (SYM) ve ortofotolar üretilmiş ve 2023-2024 yılları arasındaki yıllık hareket, yüzey deformasyonu ve aktivite durumu analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, Derebaşı Kaya Buzulu’nun aktif, inaktif ve relikt bölümler içeren karmaşık bir morfolojiye sahip olduğunu ve hem glasyal (buz çekirdekli) hem de periglasyal (permafrost) süreçler tarafından şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Kaya buzulunun 3. lobu (LB3), yıllık maksimum 60 cm yatay hareket hızıyla en aktif bölüm olarak belirlenirken, LB1’in cephe kısmı bitki örtüsü ve durağan topoğrafyası ile relikt kaya buzulu karakteri sergilemektedir. LB1’in orta bölümü, derin sırt-oluk yapılarıyla permafrost hareketinin izlerini taşırken, LB3’ün dışbükey gövde yapısı ve düzgün yüzeyi buz çekirdeğinin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Kinematik analizler, topoğrafik kısıtlamalar ve döküntü beslenmesi ile şekillenen heterojen hareket paternlerini ortaya koymuştur. LB1’de sıkıştırmalı akışa bağlı deformasyon yapıları gözlenirken, LB3’te gerilmeli deformasyon desenleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca bölgedeki dağ permafrostunun güncel alt sınırının yaklaşık 2900 m olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Tespit edilen hareketler permafrost istikrarsızlığına işaret etse de, tek yıllık gözlem periyodu uzun vadeli eğilimler hakkında kesin sonuçlar çıkarmaya yetmemektedir. Bu araştırma, Derebaşı Kaya Buzulu’nun yüksek çözünürlüklü kinematik değerlendirmesini sağlayarak, jeomorfolojik evrimi ve iklim değişikliğine duyarlılığı konusunda önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların uzun vadeli izleme programları, jeofizik araştırmalar ve sondaj incelemelerini içermesi, döküntü altı buz içeriğinin, permafrost kararlılığının ve kaya buzullarının iklim değişikliğine uzun vadeli tepkisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Buz Çekirdeği Cephe Dikliği Dağ Permafrostu İHA Fotogrametrisi Periglasyal

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

122Y373

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 122Y373 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir. Projeye verdiği destekten ötürü TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

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Geomorphology and Kinematic Characteristics of the Derebaşı Rock Glacier, Mt. Kaçkar

Year 2025, Issue: 14, 74 - 96, 15.04.2025

Serdar Yeşilyurt

https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1633480
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Rock glaciers are significant periglacial landforms that play a crucial role in high mountain environments, acting as indicators of permafrost distribution and climate change impacts. This study investigates the geomorphological characteristics and kinematic behavior of the Derebaşı Rock Glacier (DRG), located in the Eastern Black Sea Mountains, one of the most extensive periglacial regions in Türkiye. Using GNSS-supported UAV photogrammetry, high-resolution Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and orthophotos were generated to analyze the annual movement, surface deformation, and activity status of the rock glacier between 2023 and 2024. The results reveal that the DRG exhibits a complex morphology consisting of active, inactive, and relict sections, shaped by both glacial (ice-core) and periglacial (permafrost) processes. The LB3 is identified as the most active part of the rock glacier, with a maximum annual horizontal movement of 60 cm, while LB1’s front section is classified as relict, characterized by a subdued topography and vegetation cover. The LB1’s mid-section exhibits deep parallel ridge-trough structures, indicative of permafrost creep, whereas LB3’s convex shape and smooth surface suggest an ice-core presence. The kinematic analysis indicates heterogeneous movement patterns influenced by topographic constraints and debris supply, with compression-induced flow structures in LB1 and tensile deformation patterns in LB3. The study also estimates that the current lower boundary of mountain permafrost in the region is approximately 2900 m. While the detected movements suggest possible permafrost instability, the single-year observation period limits conclusive assessments of long-term trends. This research provides the first high-resolution kinematic assessment of the Derebaşı Rock Glacier, offering essential insights into its geomorphological evolution and climate sensitivity in Türkiye. Future studies incorporating long-term monitoring programs, geophysical surveys, and borehole investigations will be essential to better understand the subsurface ice content, permafrost stability, and the long-term response of rock glaciers to climate change.

Keywords

Front Slope Ice core Mountain Permafrost Periglacial UAV Photogrammetry

Project Number

122Y373

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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Glaciology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serdar Yeşilyurt 0000-0002-2896-9644

Project Number 122Y373
Early Pub Date February 17, 2025
Publication Date April 15, 2025
Submission Date February 4, 2025
Acceptance Date February 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Yeşilyurt, S. (2025). Derebaşı (Kaçkar Dağı) Kaya Buzulunun Jeomorfolojisi Ve Kinematik Özellikleri. Jeomorfolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi(14), 74-96. https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1633480

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