Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 31, 1 - 9, 16.05.2017

Funda Atila

Abstract

References

  • Adenipekun, CO and Okunlade, OA, (2012)Biodegradation of Rattan Wood and Maize Stovers by Pleurotus ostreatus. Natural Science, 10 (5): 49-57.
  • Akinfemi A, Adu OA, Adebiyi OA (2009). Use of white-rot-fungi in upgrading maize straw and the resulting impact on chemical composition and invitro digestibility. Livestock Research for Rural Development, Vol: 21. lrrd21/10/akin21162.htm http://www.lrrd.org/
  • Alemawor F, Victoria PD, Emmanuel OKO, James HO (2009). Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on cocoa pod husk composition: Influence of fermentation period and Mn2+ supplementation on the fermentation process. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9): 1950-1958.
  • Anonymous (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT Database on Agriculture. Rome, Italy: 2016 http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/Q/QC/S
  • Baeta-Hall L, Saagua MC, Bartolomeu ML, Anselmo AM , Rosa MF (2005). Bio-degradation of olive oil husks in composting aerated piles. Bioresource Technology, 96: 69–78.
  • Belewu, MA, Belewu KY (2005). Cultivation of Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) on banana Leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4 (12): 1401-1403.
  • Chen J, Fales SL, Varga GA, Royse DJ (1995). Biodegradation of Cell wall component of Maize Stover colonized by white rot fungi and resulting Impact on In Vitro Digestibility. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 68: 91-98.
  • Duchaufour P (1970). Precis de Pedologie. Masson & Cia, Paris. Eren E, Pekşen A (2016). Türkiye’de kültür mantarı sektörünün durumu ve geleceğine bakış. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Tecnology, 4(3):189-196.
  • Figlas D, González Matute R, Curvetto N (2007). Cultivation of culinary-medicinal Lion’s Mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull:Fr) Pers on substrate containing sunflowerwer seed hulls. International Journal of Medical Mushrooms, 9, 67- 73.
  • Gadd GM (1995) Signal transduction in fungi. In: Gow, A.R., Gadd, G.M. (Eds.), The Growing Fungus. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, pp. 183–210.
  • Garg A (2013). Evaluation Of Different Agricultural Residues For Productivity And Morphological Variations In Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). Internet Journal of Microbiology, 12:1.
  • Gume B, Muleta D, Abate D, (2013). Evaluation of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research , 7(20): 2228-2237.
  • Hatakka A (1994). Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi: production and role in lignin degradation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 13: 125–130.
  • He HQ, Bao DP, Wen MZ, Lu XM (1995). Test on cultivation Pleurotus ostreatus with different formula of straw and cotton seed hulls. Journal of Anhui Agrotechnical Teach College, 9:36–44.
  • Jahromi MF, Liang JB, Rosfarizan M, Goh YM, Shokryazdan P, Ho YW (2011). Efficiency of rice straw lignocelluloses degradability by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 74135 in solid state fermentation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21): 4428-4435.
  • Jonathan SG, Fasidi IO (2001). Effect of carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources on growth of Psathyerella atroumbonata Pegler), a Nigerian edible mushroom. Food Chemistry, 72: 479-483.
  • Jonathan SG (2002). Vegetatative growth requirements and antimicrobial activities of some higher fungi in Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis,University of Ibadan, Nigeria.p.268.
  • Jonathan SG, Akinfemi A, Adenipekun CO (2010). Biodegradation and in-vitro digestibility of maize husk treated with edible fungi (Pleurotus tuber-regium and Lentinus subnudus) from Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9(4): 742-750.
  • Jonathan SG, Adeoyo OR (2011). Effect of environmental and nutritional factors on mycelia biomass yield of ten Nigerian mushrooms during cellulase and amylase production. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10 (9): 28912899.
  • Kacar B, İnal A (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara. Kuforiji OO, Fasidi IO (2004). Effect of Volvariella volvacea cultivation on the components of the substrates. Journal of Applied Science, 7: 4292-4299.
  • Kuforiji OO, Fasidi, IO (2008). Enzyme activities of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer, cultivated on selected agricultural wastes. Bioresource Technology, 99: 4275-4278.
  • Lee CY, Park JE, Kim BB, Kim SM, Ro HS (2009). Determination of Mineral Components in the Cultivation Substrates of Edible Mushrooms and Their Uptake into Fruiting Bodies. Mycobiology, 37(2) : 109-113.
  • Liu H (2009) Utilization of spent mushroom substrate in China. http://www.cefa.org.cn/html/2009/10/14/181.html
  • Lopez, MJ, Elorrieta, MA, Vargas-Garcia, MC, Suarez-Estrella and F, Moreno, J, (2002). The effect of aeration on the biotransformation of lignocellulosic wastes by white-rot fungi. Bioresource Technology, 81 (2): 123–129.
  • Matute, RG, Figlas D, Curvetto N (2010). Sunflower seed hull based compost for Agaricus blazei Murrill cultivation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64: 742- 747.
  • Medina E, Paredes C, Bustamante MA, Moral R, Moreno-Caselles J (2012). Relationships between soil physic-chemical, chemical and biological properties in a soil amended with spent mushroom substrate. Geoderma, 173-174: 152-161.
  • Membrillo I, Sánchez C, Meneses M, Favela E, Loera O (2011).Particle geometry affects differentially substrate composition and enzyme profiles by Pleurotus ostreatus growing on sugar cane bagasse. Bioresource Technology, 102: 1581–1586.
  • Obodai M, Cleland-Okine J, Vowotor KA (2003). Comparative study on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotecnology, 30: 146-149.
  • Pala SA, Wani A, Boda RH, Wani BA (2014). Mushroom refinement endeavor auspicate non green revolution in the offing. Nusantara Bioscience, 6 (2): 173-185.
  • Peksen, A, Yakupoglu, G, Yakupoglu , T, Gulser, C, Ozturk, E and Ozdemir, N, (2011).Changes in chemical compositions of substrates before and after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27: 637–642.
  • Philippoussis A, Zervakis G, Diamantopoulou P (2001). Bioconversion of agricultural lignocellulosic wastes through the cultivation of the edible mushrooms Agrocybe aegenita, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus spp. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 17: 191-200.
  • Philippoussis A, Diamantopoulou P, Israilides C (2007). Production of functional food from the sporophores of the medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes through exploitation of lingocellulosic agricultural residues. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 59(3): 216–219.
  • Philippoussis A, Diamantopoulou P, Zervakis G (2002). Monitoring of mycelium growth and fructification of Lentinula edodes on several agricultural residues. In: S´anchez JE, Huerta G, Montiel E (eds), Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, UAEM, Cuernavaca.
  • Rajarathnam S, Bano Z (1989). Pleurotus mushrooms Biotransforma-tions of natural lignocellulotic waste. Critical Reviews Food Science Nutrition. 28:31–123.
  • Rajput R, Prasad G, Chopra AK (2009). Scenario of solid waste management in present Indian context. Caspian Journal of Envirenmental Science, 7: 45–53.
  • Ramasamy K, Kandaswamy TK (1976). Effect of certain amendments on cellulases and yield of straw mushroom. Indian Journal of Mushrooms, 2: 8-12.
  • Royse D, Sanchez-Vazquez JE (2003). Influence of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on shiitake (Lentinula edodes) yield and mushroom size. Bioresource Technology, 90: 225–228.
  • Sharma S, Yadav RKP, Pokhrel CP (2013). Growth and Yield of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates. Journal on New Biological Reports, 2(1): 03-08.
  • Thomas M, van Vliet T, van der Poel AFB (1998). Physical Quality of Pelleted Animal Feed: 3. Contribution of Feedstuff Components. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 76: 59-78.
  • Tisdale TE, Miyasaka SC, Hemmes DE (2006). Cultivation of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on wood substrates in Hawaii. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22: 201–206.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nostarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrion. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
  • Wang D, Sakoda A, Suzuki M (2001). Biological efficiency and Nutritional Value of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated on Spent Beer Grain. Bioresource Technology, 78: 293-300.
  • Yang WJ, Guo FL, Wan Z (2013). Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 20: 333–338.
  • Yildiz S, Yildiz UC, Gezer ED, Temiz A (2002). Some lignocellulosic wastes used as raw material in cultivation of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture mushroom. Process Biochemistry. 38: 301–106.
  • Zadrazil F, Brunnert H (1982). Solid state fermentation of lignocellulose containing plant residues with Sporotrichum pulverlentium. Nov. and Dichotimus squalens (Karsl) Reid. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16: 45- 51.
  • Zhang CK, Gong F, Sheng XF, Li DS, Feng YJ (1996). Ventilation fermentation of cotton seed hulss population dynmics of microflora and biochemical change furing fermentation. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Ed. Royse, Penn State Univ. ISBN 1883956-01-3.

Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer

Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 31, 1 - 9, 16.05.2017

Funda Atila

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various substrates on spawn running time, yield and biological efficiency (BE) of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) , compositional changes of substrates after growth mushroom and to evaluate its potential use as a feedstock. In the study, chickpea straw (CS) was used as basal substrate (80 %), while some of agricultural wastes such as cotton seed hulls (CSH), olive press cake (OPC), sunflower seed press cake (SPC) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) were added at the rate of 20 % to basal substrate. It was determinated that all of agricultural wastes tested in the study, except SBP, are economically viable alternatives for P. ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) growers. On the other hand, the increment in ash, N, P, K, Mg, Fe and Mn content and the decrease in moisture, pH, C, C:N, Zn and Cu, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of substrates were observed after mushroom production. According to this results, we can suggest that CSH, OPC and SPC can be used as a additive material for P. ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) cultivation and spent mushroom substrates may be a valuable material as a feedstock, because of higher nutritional content and digestibility.

Keywords

Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom growing substrates Spent mushroom substrate Lignocellulosic content Macro element content Micro element content

References

  • Adenipekun, CO and Okunlade, OA, (2012)Biodegradation of Rattan Wood and Maize Stovers by Pleurotus ostreatus. Natural Science, 10 (5): 49-57.
  • Akinfemi A, Adu OA, Adebiyi OA (2009). Use of white-rot-fungi in upgrading maize straw and the resulting impact on chemical composition and invitro digestibility. Livestock Research for Rural Development, Vol: 21. lrrd21/10/akin21162.htm http://www.lrrd.org/
  • Alemawor F, Victoria PD, Emmanuel OKO, James HO (2009). Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on cocoa pod husk composition: Influence of fermentation period and Mn2+ supplementation on the fermentation process. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9): 1950-1958.
  • Anonymous (2016). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT Database on Agriculture. Rome, Italy: 2016 http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/Q/QC/S
  • Baeta-Hall L, Saagua MC, Bartolomeu ML, Anselmo AM , Rosa MF (2005). Bio-degradation of olive oil husks in composting aerated piles. Bioresource Technology, 96: 69–78.
  • Belewu, MA, Belewu KY (2005). Cultivation of Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) on banana Leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4 (12): 1401-1403.
  • Chen J, Fales SL, Varga GA, Royse DJ (1995). Biodegradation of Cell wall component of Maize Stover colonized by white rot fungi and resulting Impact on In Vitro Digestibility. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 68: 91-98.
  • Duchaufour P (1970). Precis de Pedologie. Masson & Cia, Paris. Eren E, Pekşen A (2016). Türkiye’de kültür mantarı sektörünün durumu ve geleceğine bakış. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Tecnology, 4(3):189-196.
  • Figlas D, González Matute R, Curvetto N (2007). Cultivation of culinary-medicinal Lion’s Mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull:Fr) Pers on substrate containing sunflowerwer seed hulls. International Journal of Medical Mushrooms, 9, 67- 73.
  • Gadd GM (1995) Signal transduction in fungi. In: Gow, A.R., Gadd, G.M. (Eds.), The Growing Fungus. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, pp. 183–210.
  • Garg A (2013). Evaluation Of Different Agricultural Residues For Productivity And Morphological Variations In Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). Internet Journal of Microbiology, 12:1.
  • Gume B, Muleta D, Abate D, (2013). Evaluation of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research , 7(20): 2228-2237.
  • Hatakka A (1994). Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi: production and role in lignin degradation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 13: 125–130.
  • He HQ, Bao DP, Wen MZ, Lu XM (1995). Test on cultivation Pleurotus ostreatus with different formula of straw and cotton seed hulls. Journal of Anhui Agrotechnical Teach College, 9:36–44.
  • Jahromi MF, Liang JB, Rosfarizan M, Goh YM, Shokryazdan P, Ho YW (2011). Efficiency of rice straw lignocelluloses degradability by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 74135 in solid state fermentation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21): 4428-4435.
  • Jonathan SG, Fasidi IO (2001). Effect of carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources on growth of Psathyerella atroumbonata Pegler), a Nigerian edible mushroom. Food Chemistry, 72: 479-483.
  • Jonathan SG (2002). Vegetatative growth requirements and antimicrobial activities of some higher fungi in Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis,University of Ibadan, Nigeria.p.268.
  • Jonathan SG, Akinfemi A, Adenipekun CO (2010). Biodegradation and in-vitro digestibility of maize husk treated with edible fungi (Pleurotus tuber-regium and Lentinus subnudus) from Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9(4): 742-750.
  • Jonathan SG, Adeoyo OR (2011). Effect of environmental and nutritional factors on mycelia biomass yield of ten Nigerian mushrooms during cellulase and amylase production. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10 (9): 28912899.
  • Kacar B, İnal A (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara. Kuforiji OO, Fasidi IO (2004). Effect of Volvariella volvacea cultivation on the components of the substrates. Journal of Applied Science, 7: 4292-4299.
  • Kuforiji OO, Fasidi, IO (2008). Enzyme activities of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer, cultivated on selected agricultural wastes. Bioresource Technology, 99: 4275-4278.
  • Lee CY, Park JE, Kim BB, Kim SM, Ro HS (2009). Determination of Mineral Components in the Cultivation Substrates of Edible Mushrooms and Their Uptake into Fruiting Bodies. Mycobiology, 37(2) : 109-113.
  • Liu H (2009) Utilization of spent mushroom substrate in China. http://www.cefa.org.cn/html/2009/10/14/181.html
  • Lopez, MJ, Elorrieta, MA, Vargas-Garcia, MC, Suarez-Estrella and F, Moreno, J, (2002). The effect of aeration on the biotransformation of lignocellulosic wastes by white-rot fungi. Bioresource Technology, 81 (2): 123–129.
  • Matute, RG, Figlas D, Curvetto N (2010). Sunflower seed hull based compost for Agaricus blazei Murrill cultivation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64: 742- 747.
  • Medina E, Paredes C, Bustamante MA, Moral R, Moreno-Caselles J (2012). Relationships between soil physic-chemical, chemical and biological properties in a soil amended with spent mushroom substrate. Geoderma, 173-174: 152-161.
  • Membrillo I, Sánchez C, Meneses M, Favela E, Loera O (2011).Particle geometry affects differentially substrate composition and enzyme profiles by Pleurotus ostreatus growing on sugar cane bagasse. Bioresource Technology, 102: 1581–1586.
  • Obodai M, Cleland-Okine J, Vowotor KA (2003). Comparative study on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotecnology, 30: 146-149.
  • Pala SA, Wani A, Boda RH, Wani BA (2014). Mushroom refinement endeavor auspicate non green revolution in the offing. Nusantara Bioscience, 6 (2): 173-185.
  • Peksen, A, Yakupoglu, G, Yakupoglu , T, Gulser, C, Ozturk, E and Ozdemir, N, (2011).Changes in chemical compositions of substrates before and after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27: 637–642.
  • Philippoussis A, Zervakis G, Diamantopoulou P (2001). Bioconversion of agricultural lignocellulosic wastes through the cultivation of the edible mushrooms Agrocybe aegenita, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus spp. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 17: 191-200.
  • Philippoussis A, Diamantopoulou P, Israilides C (2007). Production of functional food from the sporophores of the medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes through exploitation of lingocellulosic agricultural residues. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 59(3): 216–219.
  • Philippoussis A, Diamantopoulou P, Zervakis G (2002). Monitoring of mycelium growth and fructification of Lentinula edodes on several agricultural residues. In: S´anchez JE, Huerta G, Montiel E (eds), Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, UAEM, Cuernavaca.
  • Rajarathnam S, Bano Z (1989). Pleurotus mushrooms Biotransforma-tions of natural lignocellulotic waste. Critical Reviews Food Science Nutrition. 28:31–123.
  • Rajput R, Prasad G, Chopra AK (2009). Scenario of solid waste management in present Indian context. Caspian Journal of Envirenmental Science, 7: 45–53.
  • Ramasamy K, Kandaswamy TK (1976). Effect of certain amendments on cellulases and yield of straw mushroom. Indian Journal of Mushrooms, 2: 8-12.
  • Royse D, Sanchez-Vazquez JE (2003). Influence of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on shiitake (Lentinula edodes) yield and mushroom size. Bioresource Technology, 90: 225–228.
  • Sharma S, Yadav RKP, Pokhrel CP (2013). Growth and Yield of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates. Journal on New Biological Reports, 2(1): 03-08.
  • Thomas M, van Vliet T, van der Poel AFB (1998). Physical Quality of Pelleted Animal Feed: 3. Contribution of Feedstuff Components. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 76: 59-78.
  • Tisdale TE, Miyasaka SC, Hemmes DE (2006). Cultivation of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on wood substrates in Hawaii. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22: 201–206.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nostarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrion. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
  • Wang D, Sakoda A, Suzuki M (2001). Biological efficiency and Nutritional Value of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated on Spent Beer Grain. Bioresource Technology, 78: 293-300.
  • Yang WJ, Guo FL, Wan Z (2013). Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 20: 333–338.
  • Yildiz S, Yildiz UC, Gezer ED, Temiz A (2002). Some lignocellulosic wastes used as raw material in cultivation of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture mushroom. Process Biochemistry. 38: 301–106.
  • Zadrazil F, Brunnert H (1982). Solid state fermentation of lignocellulose containing plant residues with Sporotrichum pulverlentium. Nov. and Dichotimus squalens (Karsl) Reid. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16: 45- 51.
  • Zhang CK, Gong F, Sheng XF, Li DS, Feng YJ (1996). Ventilation fermentation of cotton seed hulss population dynmics of microflora and biochemical change furing fermentation. Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Ed. Royse, Penn State Univ. ISBN 1883956-01-3.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Biotechnology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Funda Atila

Publication Date May 16, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 11 Issue: 31

Cite

APA Atila, F. (2017). Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 11(31), 1-9.
AMA Atila F. Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer. JBES. May 2017;11(31):1-9.
Chicago Atila, Funda. “Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr) Kummer”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 11, no. 31 (May 2017): 1-9.
EndNote Atila F (May 1, 2017) Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 11 31 1–9.
IEEE F. Atila, “Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer”, JBES, vol. 11, no. 31, pp. 1–9, 2017.
ISNAD Atila, Funda. “Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr) Kummer”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 11/31 (May 2017), 1-9.
JAMA Atila F. Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer. JBES. 2017;11:1–9.
MLA Atila, Funda. “Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr) Kummer”. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, vol. 11, no. 31, 2017, pp. 1-9.
Vancouver Atila F. Biodegredation of Different Agro-Endustrial Wastes through the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr) Kummer. JBES. 2017;11(31):1-9.

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