A bibliometric analysis of the literature from the past to the present on the use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery

İbrahim Tevfik Gülşen; Ruşen Erdem; Yavuz Selim Genç; Emine Gülşen

doi:10.32322/jhsm.1650514

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A bibliometric analysis of the literature from the past to the present on the use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 395 - 404, 30.05.2025

İbrahim Tevfik Gülşen , Ruşen Erdem , Yavuz Selim Genç , Emine Gülşen

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1650514

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to investigate the publication characteristics of academic work centred around artificial intelligence (AI) in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in detail.
Methods: In this analysis, the VOSviewer software and the Bibliometrix Biblioshiny R-package were employed for the purposes of bibliometric investigation and data visualisation.
Results: Between 1991 and 2024, 842 articles were published, averaging 12.33 citations per article. China topped the list with 200 articles, succeeded by the U.S. with 183 and South Korea with 121. Seoul National University authored the highest number of publications (47), succeeded by Peking University (36) and the University of North Carolina (34). Seoul National University (807) and the Catholic University of Leuven (567) ranked highest in citation impact. Jacobs Reinhilde was the most prolific author, with 22 publications, and alongside Dinggang Shen and Adriaan Van Gerven, had the greatest citation counts of 544, 491, and 476, respectively. The most used keywords were “artificial intelligence,” “deep learning,” “machine learning,” “orthodontics,” “convolutional neural network,” “orthognathic surgery,” “dentistry,” “cephalometry,” “CBCT,” and “cephalometric analysis.”
Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis illustrates that AI has swiftly become an expanding research subject in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, attracting considerable interest from the scientific community. The thorough investigation indicates that AI is essential, especially in cephalometric evaluations, diagnostic procedures, and treatment strategies.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, bibliometrics, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery

References

Rajaraman V. JohnMcCarthy-father of artificial intelligence. Resonance. 2014;19:198-207.
Li JO, Liu H, Ting DSJ, et al. Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a global perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021;82:100900. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100900
Mohammad-Rahimi H, Sohrabniya F, Ourang SA, et al. Artificial intelligence in endodontics: data preparation, clinical applications, ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions. Int Endod J. 2024;57(11):1566-1595. doi:10.1111/iej.14128
O’Leary DE. Artificial intelligence and big data. IEEE Intell Syst. 2013; 28:96-99.
Abesi F, Jamali AS, Zamani M. Accuracy of artificial intelligence in the detection and segmentation of oral and maxillofacial structures using cone-beam computed tomography images: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pol J Radiol. 2023;88:e256-e263. doi:10.5114/pjr.2023. 127624
Wong KF, Lam XY, Jiang Y, Yeung AWK, Lin Y. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles. Head Face Med. 2023;19(1):38. doi:10.1186/s13005-023-00383-0
Yamashiro T, Ko CC. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(Suppl 2):3-5. doi:10.1111/ocr.12543
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Vishwanathaiah S, et al. Scope and performance of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making-a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):482-492. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020. 05.022
Bouletreau P, Makaremi M, Ibrahim B, Louvrier A, Sigaux N. Artificial intelligence: applications in orthognathic surgery. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;120(4):347-354. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.001
Stehrer R, Hingsammer L, Staudigl C, et al. Machine learning based prediction of perioperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(11):1676-1681. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2019. 08.005
Chung M, Lee J, Song W, et al. Automatic registration between dental cone-beam CT and scanned surface via deep pose regression neural networks and clustered similarities. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2020; 39(12):3900-3909. doi:10.1109/TMI.2020.3007520
Bajjad AA, Gupta S, Agarwal S, Pawar RA, Kothawade MU, Singh G. Use of artificial intelligence in determination of bone age of the healthy individuals: a scoping review. J World Fed Orthod. 2024;13(2):95-102. doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.10.001
Raza A, Munir K, Almutairi MS, Sehar R. Novel transfer learning-based deep features for diagnosis of Down syndrome in children using facial images. IEEE Access. 2024.
Thompson DF, Walker CK. A descriptive and historical review of bibliometrics with applications to medical sciences. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(6):551-559. doi:10.1002/phar.1586
Hamadallah HH, Alturki KN, Alsulaimani M, Othman A, Altamimi AO. Cleft lip and palate research trends in Saudi Arabia: a bibliometric analysis. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e52085. doi:10.7759/cureus.52085
Tarazona-Alvarez B, Lucas-Dominguez R, Paredes-Gallardo V, Alonso-Arroyo A, Vidal-Infer A. A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in the field of lingual orthodontics. Head Face Med. 2019;15(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13005-019-0207-7
Ferrillo M, Nucci L, Gallo V, et al. Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited articles from 2012 to 2022. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(5):591-602. doi:10.2319/010923-18.1
He X, Huang Z, Yang Y, et al. A bibliometric analysis of clear aligner treatment (CAT) from 2003 to 2023. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e63348. doi:10. 7759/cureus.63348
Lam XY, Ren J, Yeung AWK, Lin Y. The 100 most-cited randomised controlled trials in orthodontics: a bibliometric study. Int Dent J. 2024; 74(4):868-875. doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.010
van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2010;84(2):523-538. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Aria M, Cuccurullo C. Bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11:959-975.
Monill-González A, Rovira-Calatayud L, d’Oliveira NG, Ustrell-Torrent JM. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: where are we now? A scoping review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(Suppl 2):6-15. doi:10.1111/ocr. 12517
Bichu YM, Hansa I, Bichu AY, Premjani P, Flores-Mir C, Vaid NR. Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics: a scoping review. Prog Orthod. 2021;22(1):18. doi:10.1186/s40510-021-00361-9
Liu J, Zhang C, Shan Z. Application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics: current state and future perspectives. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(20):2760. doi:10.3390/healthcare11202760
Khanagar SB, Alfouzan K, Awawdeh M, Alkadi L, Albalawi F, Alghilan MA. Performance of artificial intelligence models designed for diagnosis, treatment planning, and predicting prognosis of orthognathic surgery (OGS): a scoping review. Appl Sci. 2022;12:5581.
Snider V, Homsi K, Kusnoto B, et al. Clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence driven remote monitoring technology for assessment of patient oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024;165(5):586-592. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.12. 008
Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44-56. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
Shan T, Tay FR, Gu L. Application of artificial intelligence in dentistry. J Dent Res. 2021;100(3):232-244. doi:10.1177/0022034520969115
Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, et al. A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal. 2017;42:60-88. doi:10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005
Ching T, Himmelstein DS, Beaulieu-Jones BK, et al. Opportunities and obstacles for deep learning in biology and medicine. J R Soc Interface. 2018;15(141):20170387. doi:10.1098/rsif.2017.0387
Knox J. Artificial intelligence and education in China. Learn Media Technol. 2020;45:298-311.
Spampinato C, Palazzo S, Giordano D, Aldinucci M, Leonardi R. Deep learning for automated skeletal bone age assessment in X-Ray images. Med Image Anal. 2017;36:41-51. doi:10.1016/j.media.2016.10.010
Schwendicke F, Golla T, Dreher M, Krois J. Convolutional neural networks for dental image diagnostics: a scoping review. J Dent. 2019;91: 103226. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103226
Payer C, Štern D, Bischof H, Urschler M. Integrating spatial configuration into heatmap regression based CNNs for landmark localization. Med Image Anal. 2019;54:207-219. doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.03.007
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Maganur PC, et al. Developments, application, and performance of artificial intelligence in dentistry-a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):508-522. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020. 06.019
Arık SÖ, Ibragimov B, Xing L. Fully automated quantitative cephalometry using convolutional neural networks. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2017;4(1):014501. doi:10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.014501
Hung K, Montalvao C, Tanaka R, Kawai T, Bornstein MM. The use and performance of artificial intelligence applications in dental and maxillofacial radiology: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49(1):20190107. doi:10.1259/dmfr.20190107
Fourcade A, Khonsari RH. Deep learning in medical image analysis: a third eye for doctors. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;120(4):279-288. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.002
Park JH, Hwang HW, Moon JH, et al. Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: part 1-comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(6):903-909. doi:10.2319/022019-127.1
Hwang HW, Park JH, Moon JH, et al. Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: part 2-might it be better than human? Angle Orthod. 2020;90(1):69-76. doi:10.2319/022019-129.1
Kunz F, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Zeman F, Boldt J. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics : Evaluation of a fully automated cephalometric analysis using a customized convolutional neural network. J Orofac Orthop. 2020;81(1):52-68. doi:10.1007/s00056-019-00203-8
Xu X, Liu C, Zheng Y. 3D tooth segmentation and labeling using deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2019; 25(7):2336-2348. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2018.2839685
Xie X, Wang L, Wang A. Artificial neural network modeling for deciding if extractions are necessary prior to orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(2):262-266. doi:10.2319/111608-588.1
Yu HJ, Cho SR, Kim MJ, Kim WH, Kim JW, Choi J. automated skeletal classification with lateral cephalometry based on artificial intelligence. J Dent Res. 2020;99(3):249-256. doi:10.1177/0022034520901715
Cui Z, Fang Y, Mei L, et al. A fully automatic AI system for tooth and alveolar bone segmentation from cone-beam CT images. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2096. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29637-2
Lee JH, Yu HJ, Kim MJ, Kim JW, Choi J. Automated cephalometric landmark detection with confidence regions using Bayesian convolutional neural networks. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):270. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01256-7
Torosdagli N, Liberton DK, Verma P, Sincan M, Lee JS, Bagci U. Deep geodesic learning for segmentation and anatomical landmarking. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2019;38(4):919-931. doi:10.1109/TMI.2018.2875814
Patcas R, Bernini DAJ, Volokitin A, Agustsson E, Rothe R, Timofte R. Applying artificial intelligence to assess the impact of orthognathic treatment on facial attractiveness and estimated age. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48(1):77-83. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.010
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Ortodonti ve ortognatik cerrahide yapay zekanın kullanımına dair geçmişten günümüze literatürün bibliyometrik analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 395 - 404, 30.05.2025

İbrahim Tevfik Gülşen , Ruşen Erdem , Yavuz Selim Genç , Emine Gülşen

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1650514

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ortodonti ve ortognatik cerrahi alanında yapay zeka temelli akademik çalışmaların yayın özelliklerini ayrıntılı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntemler: Bibliyometrik analiz ve veri görselleştirme amacıyla VOSviewer yazılımı ve Bibliometrix Biblioshiny R paketi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: 1991 ile 2024 yılları arasında toplam 842 makale yayımlanmış olup, makale başına ortalama atıf sayısı 12,33’tür. Çin 200 makale ile en fazla yayın yapan ülke olurken, onu 183 makale ile ABD ve 121 makale ile Güney Kore takip etmiştir. En fazla yayına sahip kurumlar 47 makale ile Seul Ulusal Üniversitesi, 36 makale ile Pekin Üniversitesi ve 34 makale ile Kuzey Karolina Üniversitesi olmuştur. Seul Ulusal Üniversitesi (807 atıf) ve Katolik Leuven Üniversitesi (567 atıf) en yüksek atıf etkisine sahip kurumlardır. Jacobs Reinhilde, 22 yayınla en üretken yazar olurken, Dinggang Shen ve Adriaan Van Gerven ile birlikte en yüksek atıf alan araştırmacılar arasında yer almış ve sırasıyla 544, 491 ve 476 atıf almışlardır. En sık kullanılan anahtar kelimeler "yapay zeka", "derin öğrenme", "makine öğrenimi", "ortodonti", "evrişimli sinir ağı", "ortognatik cerrahi", "diş hekimliği", "sefalometri", "cbct" ve "sefalometrik analiz" olmuştur.

Sonuç: Bu bibliyometrik analiz, yapay zekanın ortodonti ve ortognatik cerrahi alanında hızla genişleyen bir araştırma konusu haline geldiğini ve bilim dünyasında büyük ilgi gördüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Yapılan detaylı inceleme, yapay zekanın özellikle sefalometrik değerlendirmeler, tanısal süreçler ve tedavi stratejileri açısından kritik bir role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Yapay zeka, Bibliyometrik analiz, Ortodonti, Ortognatik cerrahi

References

Rajaraman V. JohnMcCarthy-father of artificial intelligence. Resonance. 2014;19:198-207.
Li JO, Liu H, Ting DSJ, et al. Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a global perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021;82:100900. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100900
Mohammad-Rahimi H, Sohrabniya F, Ourang SA, et al. Artificial intelligence in endodontics: data preparation, clinical applications, ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions. Int Endod J. 2024;57(11):1566-1595. doi:10.1111/iej.14128
O’Leary DE. Artificial intelligence and big data. IEEE Intell Syst. 2013; 28:96-99.
Abesi F, Jamali AS, Zamani M. Accuracy of artificial intelligence in the detection and segmentation of oral and maxillofacial structures using cone-beam computed tomography images: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pol J Radiol. 2023;88:e256-e263. doi:10.5114/pjr.2023. 127624
Wong KF, Lam XY, Jiang Y, Yeung AWK, Lin Y. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles. Head Face Med. 2023;19(1):38. doi:10.1186/s13005-023-00383-0
Yamashiro T, Ko CC. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(Suppl 2):3-5. doi:10.1111/ocr.12543
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Vishwanathaiah S, et al. Scope and performance of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making-a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):482-492. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020. 05.022
Bouletreau P, Makaremi M, Ibrahim B, Louvrier A, Sigaux N. Artificial intelligence: applications in orthognathic surgery. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;120(4):347-354. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.001
Stehrer R, Hingsammer L, Staudigl C, et al. Machine learning based prediction of perioperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(11):1676-1681. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2019. 08.005
Chung M, Lee J, Song W, et al. Automatic registration between dental cone-beam CT and scanned surface via deep pose regression neural networks and clustered similarities. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2020; 39(12):3900-3909. doi:10.1109/TMI.2020.3007520
Bajjad AA, Gupta S, Agarwal S, Pawar RA, Kothawade MU, Singh G. Use of artificial intelligence in determination of bone age of the healthy individuals: a scoping review. J World Fed Orthod. 2024;13(2):95-102. doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.10.001
Raza A, Munir K, Almutairi MS, Sehar R. Novel transfer learning-based deep features for diagnosis of Down syndrome in children using facial images. IEEE Access. 2024.
Thompson DF, Walker CK. A descriptive and historical review of bibliometrics with applications to medical sciences. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(6):551-559. doi:10.1002/phar.1586
Hamadallah HH, Alturki KN, Alsulaimani M, Othman A, Altamimi AO. Cleft lip and palate research trends in Saudi Arabia: a bibliometric analysis. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e52085. doi:10.7759/cureus.52085
Tarazona-Alvarez B, Lucas-Dominguez R, Paredes-Gallardo V, Alonso-Arroyo A, Vidal-Infer A. A bibliometric analysis of scientific production in the field of lingual orthodontics. Head Face Med. 2019;15(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13005-019-0207-7
Ferrillo M, Nucci L, Gallo V, et al. Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited articles from 2012 to 2022. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(5):591-602. doi:10.2319/010923-18.1
He X, Huang Z, Yang Y, et al. A bibliometric analysis of clear aligner treatment (CAT) from 2003 to 2023. Cureus. 2024;16(6):e63348. doi:10. 7759/cureus.63348
Lam XY, Ren J, Yeung AWK, Lin Y. The 100 most-cited randomised controlled trials in orthodontics: a bibliometric study. Int Dent J. 2024; 74(4):868-875. doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.010
van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2010;84(2):523-538. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Aria M, Cuccurullo C. Bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11:959-975.
Monill-González A, Rovira-Calatayud L, d’Oliveira NG, Ustrell-Torrent JM. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: where are we now? A scoping review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(Suppl 2):6-15. doi:10.1111/ocr. 12517
Bichu YM, Hansa I, Bichu AY, Premjani P, Flores-Mir C, Vaid NR. Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics: a scoping review. Prog Orthod. 2021;22(1):18. doi:10.1186/s40510-021-00361-9
Liu J, Zhang C, Shan Z. Application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics: current state and future perspectives. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(20):2760. doi:10.3390/healthcare11202760
Khanagar SB, Alfouzan K, Awawdeh M, Alkadi L, Albalawi F, Alghilan MA. Performance of artificial intelligence models designed for diagnosis, treatment planning, and predicting prognosis of orthognathic surgery (OGS): a scoping review. Appl Sci. 2022;12:5581.
Snider V, Homsi K, Kusnoto B, et al. Clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence driven remote monitoring technology for assessment of patient oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024;165(5):586-592. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.12. 008
Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44-56. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
Shan T, Tay FR, Gu L. Application of artificial intelligence in dentistry. J Dent Res. 2021;100(3):232-244. doi:10.1177/0022034520969115
Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, et al. A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal. 2017;42:60-88. doi:10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005
Ching T, Himmelstein DS, Beaulieu-Jones BK, et al. Opportunities and obstacles for deep learning in biology and medicine. J R Soc Interface. 2018;15(141):20170387. doi:10.1098/rsif.2017.0387
Knox J. Artificial intelligence and education in China. Learn Media Technol. 2020;45:298-311.
Spampinato C, Palazzo S, Giordano D, Aldinucci M, Leonardi R. Deep learning for automated skeletal bone age assessment in X-Ray images. Med Image Anal. 2017;36:41-51. doi:10.1016/j.media.2016.10.010
Schwendicke F, Golla T, Dreher M, Krois J. Convolutional neural networks for dental image diagnostics: a scoping review. J Dent. 2019;91: 103226. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103226
Payer C, Štern D, Bischof H, Urschler M. Integrating spatial configuration into heatmap regression based CNNs for landmark localization. Med Image Anal. 2019;54:207-219. doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.03.007
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Maganur PC, et al. Developments, application, and performance of artificial intelligence in dentistry-a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):508-522. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020. 06.019
Arık SÖ, Ibragimov B, Xing L. Fully automated quantitative cephalometry using convolutional neural networks. J Med Imaging (Bellingham). 2017;4(1):014501. doi:10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.014501
Hung K, Montalvao C, Tanaka R, Kawai T, Bornstein MM. The use and performance of artificial intelligence applications in dental and maxillofacial radiology: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49(1):20190107. doi:10.1259/dmfr.20190107
Fourcade A, Khonsari RH. Deep learning in medical image analysis: a third eye for doctors. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;120(4):279-288. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.002
Park JH, Hwang HW, Moon JH, et al. Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: part 1-comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(6):903-909. doi:10.2319/022019-127.1
Hwang HW, Park JH, Moon JH, et al. Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: part 2-might it be better than human? Angle Orthod. 2020;90(1):69-76. doi:10.2319/022019-129.1
Kunz F, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Zeman F, Boldt J. Artificial intelligence in orthodontics : Evaluation of a fully automated cephalometric analysis using a customized convolutional neural network. J Orofac Orthop. 2020;81(1):52-68. doi:10.1007/s00056-019-00203-8
Xu X, Liu C, Zheng Y. 3D tooth segmentation and labeling using deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2019; 25(7):2336-2348. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2018.2839685
Xie X, Wang L, Wang A. Artificial neural network modeling for deciding if extractions are necessary prior to orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(2):262-266. doi:10.2319/111608-588.1
Yu HJ, Cho SR, Kim MJ, Kim WH, Kim JW, Choi J. automated skeletal classification with lateral cephalometry based on artificial intelligence. J Dent Res. 2020;99(3):249-256. doi:10.1177/0022034520901715
Cui Z, Fang Y, Mei L, et al. A fully automatic AI system for tooth and alveolar bone segmentation from cone-beam CT images. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2096. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29637-2
Lee JH, Yu HJ, Kim MJ, Kim JW, Choi J. Automated cephalometric landmark detection with confidence regions using Bayesian convolutional neural networks. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):270. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01256-7
Torosdagli N, Liberton DK, Verma P, Sincan M, Lee JS, Bagci U. Deep geodesic learning for segmentation and anatomical landmarking. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2019;38(4):919-931. doi:10.1109/TMI.2018.2875814
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
Journal Section	Original Article
Authors	İbrahim Tevfik Gülşen 0000-0002-1014-4417 Ruşen Erdem 0000-0002-5298-7949 Yavuz Selim Genç 0000-0003-0556-2830 Emine Gülşen 0000-0002-7968-2395
Publication Date	May 30, 2025
Submission Date	March 3, 2025
Acceptance Date	April 12, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA	Gülşen İT, Erdem R, Genç YS, Gülşen E. A bibliometric analysis of the literature from the past to the present on the use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. May 2025;8(3):395-404. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1650514

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