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The Effect of Organizational Silence on Burnout: A Meta Analysis Approach

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 157 - 170, 22.07.2025

Gökçe Akdemir Ömür , İ. İlker Çitli , Mesut Öztırak , Hüseyin Çiçeklioğlu , Ayşe Meriç Yazıcı

Abstract

This study was conducted by meta-analysis method to examine the effect of organisational silence on burnout. In the study, 3111 studies were accessed as a result of searching the ‘OpenAlex’ and ‘scholar.google’ databases with the keywords ‘silence’ and ‘burnout’ in the period covering the years 2020-2025. The 15 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analysed with a total sample size of 3869. The analyses were performed using CMA 3.0 (Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0) software. Q and I2 test results showed that there was a high level of variance (heterogeneity) among the analysed studies (Q =488.70, I2=97.13). Therefore, meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. According to the findings, it was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between organisational silence and burnout (r=0,635, p<0,05). In the analyses performed with Fisher's Z transformation, it was seen that confidence intervals supported this relationship. Egger's test, Duval and Tweedie's cut and add test, Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation were used for bias analysis and it was concluded that there was no publication bias. Funnel Plot analyses also show that the risk of bias is low.

Keywords

organizational silene burnout meta analysis

References

  • Ainger, T. J., Bensalem‐Owen, M., Fong-Isariyawongse, J., & Luedke, M. W. (2024). Of hearth and home: Professional wellness after hours. Epilepsy Currents. 25(2), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/15357597241237375
  • Akın, U., & Ulusoy, T. (2016). The relationship between organizational silence and burnout among academicians: A research on universities in Turkey. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(2), 46-58.
  • Al-Rousan, M. A. M., & Omoush, M. M. (2018). The effect of organizational silence on burnout: A field study on workers at Jordanian five star hotels. Journal of Management and Strategy, 9(3), 114. doi:10.5430/jms.v9n3p114
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Bayes, A., Tavella, G., & Parker, G. (2021). The biology of burnout: Causes and consequences. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 22(9), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1907713
  • Bemana, F., Shokrpour, N., & Seif, M. (2013). The relationship between antecedents (job stressors) and burnout in Iranian nurses. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(12), 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1907713
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., & Rothstein, H. (2007). Meta-analysis: Fixed effect vs. random effects. Meta-analysis. com, 1, 30.
  • CMA. (2024a). Common Mistakes: Heterogeneity. https://meta-analysis.com/download/commonmistakes/Common%20Mistakes%20-%20Heterogeneity.pdf
  • CMA. (2024b). Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 3.0 Manual. https://meta-analysis.com/download/Meta-Analysis%20Manual%20V3.pdf
  • Demir, N. (2009). Tükenmişlik sendromunun örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi. Öneri Dergisi, 8(32), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.696194
  • Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.26279183
  • Durmuş, İ. (2022). In Terms Of Ethical Climate Theory: Organizational Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Alienation, And Organizational Silence Modeling, Ö. K. Tüfekci & L. Akbaş (Ed.), Global Social Science Research: Theoretical and Empirical Evaluations (p. 17-46). Klaipeda: SRA Academic Publishing.
  • Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  • Faisal, S., Elsayed, I. G. S., Ahmad, M. S., Nayyab, D. E., Fatima, A., Murtaza, G., & Ahmed, I. (2024). Burnout among medical professionals: Analyzing factors, effects, and coping strategies. International Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice, 6(5), 37-46.
  • Haraisa, Y. E. A. (2021). The influence of organizational silence on job burnout: A practical study on shipping companies in jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 16(10), 29. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v16n10p29
  • Harmanci Seren, A. K., Topcu, İ., Eskin Bacaksiz, F., Unaldi Baydin, N., Tokgoz Ekici, E., & Yildirim, A. (2018). Organisational silence among nurses and physicians in public hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(7-8), 1440-1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14294
  • Kang, M. J. (2019). Concept analysis of burnout in nurses in long-term care hospitals. Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, 24(2), 116-123. DOI: 10.2478/fon-2020-0034
  • Khakpour, A. (2025). Role of organizational silence in predicting job burnout and its components: A case study of Malayer University employees. Occupational Medicine, 16 (4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/tkj.v16i4.17558
  • Knoll, M., Hall, R. J., & Weigelt, O. (2019). A longitudinal study of the relationships between four differentially motivated forms of employee silence and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(5), 572-589. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000143
  • Knoll, M., & van Dick, R. (2013). Do I hear the whistle...? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4
  • Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2019). The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284
  • Lainidi, O., Johnson, J., Griffin, B., Koutsimani, P., Mouratidis, C., Keyworth, C. ,O’Connor, D.B. (2025). Associations between burnout, employee silence and voice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2509074.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach burnout inventory: Third edition. In C. P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources (pp. 191–218). Scarecrow Education.
  • Modnalizade, Z. ve Javaheri, S.G. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between organizational cynicism and job burnout with the mediating role of organizational silence in lifeguards of tehran municipal pools. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion, 16 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ohhp.v6i1.9368
  • Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
  • Nonnis, M., Agus, M., Frau, G., Urban, A., & Cortese, C. G. (2023). Job seekers’ burnout and engagement: A qualitative study of long-term unemployment in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(11), 5968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115968
  • NouriSamarin Sh, Arshadi N, Hashemi, S.E, Naami, A. (2021). The ausal relationship of the centralized decision-making and workplace mobbing with job burnout considering the mediating role of organizational silence. Psychological Methods and Models, 11 (42), 73- 87.
  • Pinder, C., & Harlos, K. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
  • Salvagioni, D. A. J., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & de Andrade, S. M. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS ONE, 12(10), e0185781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
  • Scheepers, R. A., van den Broek, T., Cramm, J. M., Finkenflügel, H., & Nieboer, A. P. (2023). Changes in work conditions and well-being among healthcare professionals in long-term care settings in the netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Human Resources for Health, 21(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00847-z
  • Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27, 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450510611997
  • Wang, D. S., & Hsieh, C. C. (2013). The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee silence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(4), 333-356. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.4.613
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme Yağar, S. (2023). The effects of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave and job performance levels of nurses. Work (Reading, Mass.), 75(2), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210192

Örgütsel Sessizliğin Tükenmişlik Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Meta Analiz Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 157 - 170, 22.07.2025

Gökçe Akdemir Ömür , İ. İlker Çitli , Mesut Öztırak , Hüseyin Çiçeklioğlu , Ayşe Meriç Yazıcı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, örgütsel sessizliğin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla meta-analiz yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, “OpenAlex” ve “scholar.google” veri tabanlarında 2020-2025 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde “silence” ve “burnout” anahtar kelimeleriyle yapılan taramalar sonucunda 3111 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Belirlenen dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine uygun 15 çalışma, toplam 3869 örneklem ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler, CMA 3.0 (Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0) yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Q ve I2 test sonuçları, incelenen çalışmalar arasında yüksek düzeyde varyans (heterojenlik) olduğunu göstermiştir (Q =488,70, I2=97,13). Bu nedenle, rassal etkili model kullanılarak meta-analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre örgütsel sessizlik ile tükenmişlik arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (r=0,635, p<0,05). Fisher’s Z dönüşümü ile yapılan analizlerde, güven aralıklarının bu ilişkiyi desteklediği görülmüştür. Yanlılık analizi için Egger testi, Duval ve Tweedie’nin kes ve ekle testi, Begg ve Mazumdar sıralama korelasyonu gibi yöntemlerden yararlanılmış ve yayın yanlılığının olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Funnel Plot analizleri de yanlılık riskinin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

örgütsel sessizlik tükenmişlik meta analiz

References

  • Ainger, T. J., Bensalem‐Owen, M., Fong-Isariyawongse, J., & Luedke, M. W. (2024). Of hearth and home: Professional wellness after hours. Epilepsy Currents. 25(2), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/15357597241237375
  • Akın, U., & Ulusoy, T. (2016). The relationship between organizational silence and burnout among academicians: A research on universities in Turkey. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(2), 46-58.
  • Al-Rousan, M. A. M., & Omoush, M. M. (2018). The effect of organizational silence on burnout: A field study on workers at Jordanian five star hotels. Journal of Management and Strategy, 9(3), 114. doi:10.5430/jms.v9n3p114
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Bayes, A., Tavella, G., & Parker, G. (2021). The biology of burnout: Causes and consequences. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 22(9), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1907713
  • Bemana, F., Shokrpour, N., & Seif, M. (2013). The relationship between antecedents (job stressors) and burnout in Iranian nurses. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(12), 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2021.1907713
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., & Rothstein, H. (2007). Meta-analysis: Fixed effect vs. random effects. Meta-analysis. com, 1, 30.
  • CMA. (2024a). Common Mistakes: Heterogeneity. https://meta-analysis.com/download/commonmistakes/Common%20Mistakes%20-%20Heterogeneity.pdf
  • CMA. (2024b). Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 3.0 Manual. https://meta-analysis.com/download/Meta-Analysis%20Manual%20V3.pdf
  • Demir, N. (2009). Tükenmişlik sendromunun örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi. Öneri Dergisi, 8(32), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.696194
  • Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.26279183
  • Durmuş, İ. (2022). In Terms Of Ethical Climate Theory: Organizational Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Alienation, And Organizational Silence Modeling, Ö. K. Tüfekci & L. Akbaş (Ed.), Global Social Science Research: Theoretical and Empirical Evaluations (p. 17-46). Klaipeda: SRA Academic Publishing.
  • Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  • Faisal, S., Elsayed, I. G. S., Ahmad, M. S., Nayyab, D. E., Fatima, A., Murtaza, G., & Ahmed, I. (2024). Burnout among medical professionals: Analyzing factors, effects, and coping strategies. International Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice, 6(5), 37-46.
  • Haraisa, Y. E. A. (2021). The influence of organizational silence on job burnout: A practical study on shipping companies in jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 16(10), 29. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v16n10p29
  • Harmanci Seren, A. K., Topcu, İ., Eskin Bacaksiz, F., Unaldi Baydin, N., Tokgoz Ekici, E., & Yildirim, A. (2018). Organisational silence among nurses and physicians in public hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(7-8), 1440-1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14294
  • Kang, M. J. (2019). Concept analysis of burnout in nurses in long-term care hospitals. Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, 24(2), 116-123. DOI: 10.2478/fon-2020-0034
  • Khakpour, A. (2025). Role of organizational silence in predicting job burnout and its components: A case study of Malayer University employees. Occupational Medicine, 16 (4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/tkj.v16i4.17558
  • Knoll, M., Hall, R. J., & Weigelt, O. (2019). A longitudinal study of the relationships between four differentially motivated forms of employee silence and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(5), 572-589. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000143
  • Knoll, M., & van Dick, R. (2013). Do I hear the whistle...? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4
  • Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2019). The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284
  • Lainidi, O., Johnson, J., Griffin, B., Koutsimani, P., Mouratidis, C., Keyworth, C. ,O’Connor, D.B. (2025). Associations between burnout, employee silence and voice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2509074.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach burnout inventory: Third edition. In C. P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources (pp. 191–218). Scarecrow Education.
  • Modnalizade, Z. ve Javaheri, S.G. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between organizational cynicism and job burnout with the mediating role of organizational silence in lifeguards of tehran municipal pools. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion, 16 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ohhp.v6i1.9368
  • Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
  • Nonnis, M., Agus, M., Frau, G., Urban, A., & Cortese, C. G. (2023). Job seekers’ burnout and engagement: A qualitative study of long-term unemployment in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(11), 5968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115968
  • NouriSamarin Sh, Arshadi N, Hashemi, S.E, Naami, A. (2021). The ausal relationship of the centralized decision-making and workplace mobbing with job burnout considering the mediating role of organizational silence. Psychological Methods and Models, 11 (42), 73- 87.
  • Pinder, C., & Harlos, K. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
  • Salvagioni, D. A. J., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & de Andrade, S. M. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS ONE, 12(10), e0185781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
  • Scheepers, R. A., van den Broek, T., Cramm, J. M., Finkenflügel, H., & Nieboer, A. P. (2023). Changes in work conditions and well-being among healthcare professionals in long-term care settings in the netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Human Resources for Health, 21(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00847-z
  • Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27, 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450510611997
  • Wang, D. S., & Hsieh, C. C. (2013). The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee silence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(4), 333-356. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.4.613
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme Yağar, S. (2023). The effects of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave and job performance levels of nurses. Work (Reading, Mass.), 75(2), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-210192
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organisational Behaviour
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökçe Akdemir Ömür 0000-0002-5327-8474

İ. İlker Çitli 0000-0003-1915-7721

Mesut Öztırak 0000-0003-4828-7293

Hüseyin Çiçeklioğlu 0000-0003-3922-6755

Ayşe Meriç Yazıcı 0000-0001-6769-2599

Early Pub Date July 21, 2025
Publication Date July 22, 2025
Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date June 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akdemir Ömür, G., Çitli, İ. İ., Öztırak, M., Çiçeklioğlu, H., et al. (2025). The Effect of Organizational Silence on Burnout: A Meta Analysis Approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2), 157-170.
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