Research Article
Determination of Copper in Hydroponic Nutrient Solutions by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Flow Injection Analysis
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient that plays an important role in the growth of plants. A spectrophotometric analysis method has been developed to determine Cu2+ in hydroponic nutrient solutions. 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR), 1-(2 pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) ligands were studied as co-complexants that will enable determination of Cu2+. Each microelement has an optimum pH value at which it forms a complex with the ligand. By studying the effect of pH on the metal-ligand complex, the optimum pH values at which maximum absorbances were obtained were determined. The interference effects of foreign ions in the nutrient solution were examined. 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) complexes were found to be more resistant to foreign ion interference. For this reason, validation studies of the method developed for 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) complexes were carried out. Afterwards, the developed method was adapted to the flow injection analysis system. The procedure is simple, rapid and reliable. This method was successfully applied to the determination of copper in hydroponic nutrient solutions.
Thanks
Seda Karapinar acknowledges the grant provided to her by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) in the frame of 2244 Industrial PhD Fellowship Program for PhD Students.
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Year 2025,
Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 53 - 64
Abstract
References
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- 3. Putra PA, Yuliando H. Soilless culture system to support water use efficiency and product quality: A review. Agric Agric Sci Procedia [Internet]. 2015;3:283–8. Available from: <URL>.
- 4. Li H, Cheng Z. Hoagland nutrient solution promotes the growth of cucumber seedlings under light-emitting diode light. Acta Agric Scand Sect B — Soil Plant Sci [Internet]. 2015 Jan 2;65(1):74–82. Available from: <URL>.
- 5. Nazir F, Hussain A, Fariduddin Q. Hydrogen peroxide modulate photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants under copper stress. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2019 Sep;230:544–58. Available from: <URL>.
- 6. Zhang D, Liu X, Ma J, Yang H, Zhang W, Li C. Genotypic differences and glutathione metabolism response in wheat exposed to copper. Environ Exp Bot [Internet]. 2019 Jan;157:250–9. Available from: <URL>.
- 7. Lillo F, Ginocchio R, Ulriksen C, Dovletyarova EA, Neaman A. Evaluation of connected clonal growth of Solidago chilensis as an avoidance mechanism in copper-polluted soils. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2019 Sep;230:303–7. Available from: <URL>.
- 8. Ameh T, Sayes CM. The potential exposure and hazards of copper nanoparticles: A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2019 Oct;71:103220. Available from: <URL>.
- 9. Akmese B, Aydin R, Asan A. A simple flow injection spectrophotometric procedure for direct determination of copper(II) in environmental samples. Asian J Chem [Internet]. 2014;26(12):3653–6. Available from: <URL>.
- 10. Prasertboonyai K, Liawraungrath B, Pojanakaroon T, Liawraungrath S. Mercury(II) determination in commercial cosmetics and local Thai traditional medicines by flow injection spectrophotometry. Int J Cosmet Sci [Internet]. 2016 Feb 2;38(1):68–76. Available from: <URL>.
- 11. Locatelli M, Kabir A, Perrucci M, Ulusoy S, Ulusoy HI, Ali I. Green profile tools: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Sample Prep [Internet]. 2023 May;6:100068. Available from: <URL>.
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- 16. Granado-Castro MD, Díaz-de-Alba M, Chinchilla-Real I, Galindo-Riaño MD, García-Vargas M, Casanueva-Marenco MJ. Coupling liquid membrane and flow-injection technique as an analytical strategy for copper analysis in saline water. Talanta [Internet]. 2019 Jan;192:374–9. Available from: <URL>.
- 17. Purachat B, Liawruangrath S, Sooksamiti P, Rattanaphani S, Buddhasukh D. Univariate and simplex optimization for the flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of copper using nitroso-R salt as a complexing agent. Anal Sci [Internet]. 2001 Mar 23;17(3):443–8. Available from: <URL>.
- 18. Youngvises N, Suwannasaroj K, Jakmunee J, AlSuhaimi A. Multi-reverse flow injection analysis integrated with multi-optical sensor for simultaneous determination of Mn(II), Fe(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) in natural waters. Talanta [Internet]. 2017 May;166:369–74. Available from: <URL>.
- 19. Ni Y, Wang Y, Kokot S. Application of multivariate calibration methods for the simultaneous multiwavelength spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) in mixtures. Anal Lett [Internet]. 2007 May;40(6):1209–26. Available from: <URL>.
- 20. Ghasemi E, Kaykhaii M. Determination of zinc, copper, and mercury in water samples by using novel micro cloud point extraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Eurasian J Anal Chem [Internet]. 2016 Dec 27;12(4):313–24. Available from: <URL>.
There are 20 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Flow Analysis |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | January 1, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | March 6, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2 |
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