Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 149 - 162

Adnan Aldemir , Ali Rıza Kul

https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1607300

Abstract

References

  • Aldemir, A., Turan, A., Kul, A.R., Koyuncu, H. (2023). Comprehensive investigation of Basic Red 46 removal by pinecone adsorbent: experimental, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 383(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04456-6
  • Aldemir, A., Kul, A.R., & Elik, H. (2019). Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigation into methylene blue adsorption onto pinecone powder. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 14(4), 183–192. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jieas/issue/50520/651362
  • Alipanahpour Dil, E., Ghaedi, M., Asfaram, A., Mehrabi, F., Bazrafshan, A.A., & Tayebi, L. (2019). Synthesis and application of Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Basic Red 46 dye. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 58, 104702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104702
  • Almendros, A.I., Martín-Lara, M.A., Ronda, A., Pérez, A., Blázquez, G. & Calero, M. (2015). Physico-chemical characterization of pine cone shell and its use as biosorbent and fuel. Bioresource Technology, 196, 406-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.109
  • Ayhan, N.N., Aldemir, A., Özgüven, A. (2024). Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater by chemical coagulation method: determination of optimum removal conditions using experimental design. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 41,121-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-023-00358-3
  • Bayram, O., Köksal, E., Göde, F., & Pehlivan, E. (2021). Decolorization of water through removal of methylene blue and malachite green on biodegradable magnetic Bauhinia variagata fruits. International Journal of Phytoremediation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1937931
  • Bensalah, J., Berradi, M., Habsaoui, A., Allaoui, M., Essebaai, H., El Khattabi, O., … Rifi, E. H. (2021). Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of cationic dyes by the cationic artificial resin Amberlite®IRC50. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 7468–7472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.028
  • Bhowmik, S., Chakraborty, V., Das, P. (2021). Batch adsorption of indigo carmine on activated carbon prepared from sawdust: A comparative study and optimization of operating conditions using Response Surface Methodology, Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 3(1), 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsurfi.2021.100011
  • Bouatay, F., Meksi, N., Adeel, S., Salah, F., & Mhenni, F. (2016). Dyeing behavior of the cellulosic and jute fibers with cationic dyes: process development and optimization using statistical analysis. Journal of Natural Fibers, 13(4), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2015.1043685
  • De Gisi, S., Lofrano, G., Grassi, M., Notarnicola, M. (2016). Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 9(1), 10-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.002
  • Deniz, F., & Karaman, S. (2011). Removal of Basic Red 46 dye from aqueous solution by pine tree leaves. Chemical Engineering Journal, 170(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.029
  • Deniz, F., & Saygideger, S.D. (2010). Investigation of adsorption characteristics of Basic Red 46 onto gypsum: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Desalination, 262(1–3), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.062
  • Deniz, F., & Saygideger, S.D. (2011). Removal of a hazardous azo dye (Basic Red 46) from aqueous solution by princess tree leaf. Desalination, 268(1–3), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.043
  • Dutta, S., Gupta, B., Srivastava, S.K., & Gupta, A.K. (2021). Recent advances on the removal of dyes from wastewater using various adsorbents: A critical review. Materials Advances, 2(14), 4497–4531. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00354b
  • Ergüt, M., & Özer, A. (2019). Green synthesis of pd/fe3o4 bimetallic nanoparticles: Catalytic in-situ generations of H2O2 for heterogeneous fenton-like decolorization of basic red 46 and direct red 23. Desalination and Water Treatment, 172, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24972
  • Ersingün, D., Aldemir, A. (2024). Design and two step process optimization of a reactive distillation column for improving production amount of ethyl acetate and water. Desalination Water Treatment, 317,100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100117
  • Heydari, A., Asl, A.H., Asadollahzadeh, M., Torkaman, R. (2023). Optimization of synthesis conditions for preparation of radiation grafted polymeric fibers and process variables of adsorption with response surface methodology. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 155, 104468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104468
  • Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., Lau, S.Y. (2018). Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 4676–4697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060
  • Kopaç, T., & Sulu, E. (2019). Comparison of the adsorption behavior of Basic Red 46 textile dye on various activated carbons obtained from Zonguldak coal. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 34(3), 1227–1240. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.460518
  • Kul, A.R., Koyuncu, H., Turan, A., Aldemir, A. (2023). Comparative research of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for neutral red adsorption by activated carbon prepared from apple peel. Water Air Soil Pollution 383:1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06392-8
  • Langeroodi, N.S., Farhadravesh, Z., & Khalaji, A.D. (2018). Optimization of adsorption parameters for Fe (III) ions removal from aqueous solutions by transition metal oxide nanocomposite. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11(4), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1526329
  • Mtshatsheni, K.N.G., Ofomaja, A.E., Naidoo, E.B. (2019). Synthesis and optimization of reaction variables in the preparation of pine-magnetite composite for removal of methylene blue dye. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2019.05.002
  • Nguyen, D.T.C., Vo, D.V.N., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, T.T.T., Nguyen, L.T.T., Tran, T.V., (2022). Optimization of tetracycline adsorption onto zeolitic–imidazolate framework based carbon using response surface methodology. Surfaces and Interfaces 28, 101549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101549.
  • Özbay, N., Yargiç, A.Ş., Yarbay-Şahin, R.Z., & Önal, E. (2013). Full factorial experimental design analysis of reactive dye removal by carbon adsorption. Journal of Chemistry, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/234904
  • Paredes-Quevedo, L.C., González-Caicedo, C., Torres-Luna, J.A., & Carriazo, J.G. (2021). Removal of a Textile Azo-Dye (Basic Red 46) in Water by Efficient Adsorption on a Natural Clay. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 232(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04968-2
  • Raj, R.S., Krishnan, K.A. (2024). Multi-stage batch adsorption of acephate onto cauliflower like Fe3O4-MMT: Characterization and statistical optimization using response surface methodology. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 21, 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100949
  • Regti, A., Laamari, M.R., Stiriba, S.E., & El Haddad, M. (2017). Use of response factorial design for process optimization of basic dye adsorption onto activated carbon derived from Persea species. Microchemical Journal, 130, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.08.012
  • Salleh, M.A.M., Mahmoud, D.K., Karim, W.A.W.A., & Idris, A. (2011). Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review. Desalination, 280(1–3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.019
  • Shi, Y., Chang, Q., Zhang, T., Song, G., Sun, Y., Ding, G. (2022). A review on selective dye adsorption by different mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(1), 108639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108639
  • Sarioglu, M., & Bisgin, T. (2010). Decolorization of Basic Red 46 and Methylene Blue by anaerobic sludge: Biotic and abiotic processes. Desalination and Water Treatment, 23(1–3), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1951
  • Shoushtarian, F., Moghaddam, M.R.A., & Kowsari, E. (2020). Efficient regeneration/reuse of graphene oxide as a nanoadsorbent for removing basic Red 46 from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113386
  • Umpuch, C., Fakthaisongdechakul, T. (2024). Application of response surface methodology for optimization of reactive black 5 removal by gelatin beads containing TTAB modified montmorillonite clay. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9, 100758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100758
  • Yagub, M.T., Sen, T.K., Afroze, S., & Ang, H.M. (2014). Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 209, 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.002
  • Yang, X., Zhu, W., Song, Y., Zhuang, H., & Tang, H. (2021). Removal of cationic dye BR46 by biochar prepared from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat straw: A study on adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and isotherm. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 340, 116617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116617

Optimization of Removal Conditions for Basic Red 46 from Aqueous Solutions on Pinecone as an Eco-Friendly Adsorbent

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 149 - 162

Adnan Aldemir , Ali Rıza Kul

https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1607300

Abstract

Pinecone removal performance was investigated for Basic Red 46 (BR 46) adsorption and optimal removal conditions were determined with the response surface methodology (RSM). Initial BR 46 concentration (20-60 mg L-1), temperature (298 K-318 K) and contact time (10-180 min) were selected as independent variables and removal percentage of BR 46 values were used as dependent variables. The quadratic model of the response to the independent variables was developed and 3D plots were interpreted as per selected variables. The selected model and terms presenting the p<0.05 are significant and they are considered to be statistically significant with the interaction of the initial BR 46 concentration and contact time. Analysis of variance was used to examine the interaction of response with independent variables and the results evidencing that the model regression was acceptable. The reliability of optimization studies was evaluated with R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2 values which were obtained the 0.9792, 0.9604 and 0.8281, respectively. These determined R2 values were showed that high relationship between the predicted and calculated removal percentages. The removal percentage of BR 46 was obtained 64.43%, 70.78%, and 74.52% for 60 mg L-1 dye concentration at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K, respectively. The optimized conditions with DE program was obtained 55.20 mg L-1 initial BR 46 concentration, 151 min contact time and 314 K temperature for 74.15% removal percentage of BR 46.

Keywords

Adsorption Basic Red 46 Pinecone Response surface methodology Optimization Removal percentage

References

  • Aldemir, A., Turan, A., Kul, A.R., Koyuncu, H. (2023). Comprehensive investigation of Basic Red 46 removal by pinecone adsorbent: experimental, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 383(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04456-6
  • Aldemir, A., Kul, A.R., & Elik, H. (2019). Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigation into methylene blue adsorption onto pinecone powder. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 14(4), 183–192. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jieas/issue/50520/651362
  • Alipanahpour Dil, E., Ghaedi, M., Asfaram, A., Mehrabi, F., Bazrafshan, A.A., & Tayebi, L. (2019). Synthesis and application of Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Basic Red 46 dye. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 58, 104702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104702
  • Almendros, A.I., Martín-Lara, M.A., Ronda, A., Pérez, A., Blázquez, G. & Calero, M. (2015). Physico-chemical characterization of pine cone shell and its use as biosorbent and fuel. Bioresource Technology, 196, 406-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.109
  • Ayhan, N.N., Aldemir, A., Özgüven, A. (2024). Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater by chemical coagulation method: determination of optimum removal conditions using experimental design. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 41,121-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-023-00358-3
  • Bayram, O., Köksal, E., Göde, F., & Pehlivan, E. (2021). Decolorization of water through removal of methylene blue and malachite green on biodegradable magnetic Bauhinia variagata fruits. International Journal of Phytoremediation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1937931
  • Bensalah, J., Berradi, M., Habsaoui, A., Allaoui, M., Essebaai, H., El Khattabi, O., … Rifi, E. H. (2021). Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of cationic dyes by the cationic artificial resin Amberlite®IRC50. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 7468–7472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.028
  • Bhowmik, S., Chakraborty, V., Das, P. (2021). Batch adsorption of indigo carmine on activated carbon prepared from sawdust: A comparative study and optimization of operating conditions using Response Surface Methodology, Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 3(1), 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsurfi.2021.100011
  • Bouatay, F., Meksi, N., Adeel, S., Salah, F., & Mhenni, F. (2016). Dyeing behavior of the cellulosic and jute fibers with cationic dyes: process development and optimization using statistical analysis. Journal of Natural Fibers, 13(4), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2015.1043685
  • De Gisi, S., Lofrano, G., Grassi, M., Notarnicola, M. (2016). Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 9(1), 10-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2016.06.002
  • Deniz, F., & Karaman, S. (2011). Removal of Basic Red 46 dye from aqueous solution by pine tree leaves. Chemical Engineering Journal, 170(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.029
  • Deniz, F., & Saygideger, S.D. (2010). Investigation of adsorption characteristics of Basic Red 46 onto gypsum: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Desalination, 262(1–3), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.062
  • Deniz, F., & Saygideger, S.D. (2011). Removal of a hazardous azo dye (Basic Red 46) from aqueous solution by princess tree leaf. Desalination, 268(1–3), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.043
  • Dutta, S., Gupta, B., Srivastava, S.K., & Gupta, A.K. (2021). Recent advances on the removal of dyes from wastewater using various adsorbents: A critical review. Materials Advances, 2(14), 4497–4531. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00354b
  • Ergüt, M., & Özer, A. (2019). Green synthesis of pd/fe3o4 bimetallic nanoparticles: Catalytic in-situ generations of H2O2 for heterogeneous fenton-like decolorization of basic red 46 and direct red 23. Desalination and Water Treatment, 172, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24972
  • Ersingün, D., Aldemir, A. (2024). Design and two step process optimization of a reactive distillation column for improving production amount of ethyl acetate and water. Desalination Water Treatment, 317,100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100117
  • Heydari, A., Asl, A.H., Asadollahzadeh, M., Torkaman, R. (2023). Optimization of synthesis conditions for preparation of radiation grafted polymeric fibers and process variables of adsorption with response surface methodology. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 155, 104468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104468
  • Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., Lau, S.Y. (2018). Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 4676–4697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060
  • Kopaç, T., & Sulu, E. (2019). Comparison of the adsorption behavior of Basic Red 46 textile dye on various activated carbons obtained from Zonguldak coal. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 34(3), 1227–1240. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.460518
  • Kul, A.R., Koyuncu, H., Turan, A., Aldemir, A. (2023). Comparative research of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for neutral red adsorption by activated carbon prepared from apple peel. Water Air Soil Pollution 383:1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06392-8
  • Langeroodi, N.S., Farhadravesh, Z., & Khalaji, A.D. (2018). Optimization of adsorption parameters for Fe (III) ions removal from aqueous solutions by transition metal oxide nanocomposite. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 11(4), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1526329
  • Mtshatsheni, K.N.G., Ofomaja, A.E., Naidoo, E.B. (2019). Synthesis and optimization of reaction variables in the preparation of pine-magnetite composite for removal of methylene blue dye. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2019.05.002
  • Nguyen, D.T.C., Vo, D.V.N., Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, T.T.T., Nguyen, L.T.T., Tran, T.V., (2022). Optimization of tetracycline adsorption onto zeolitic–imidazolate framework based carbon using response surface methodology. Surfaces and Interfaces 28, 101549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101549.
  • Özbay, N., Yargiç, A.Ş., Yarbay-Şahin, R.Z., & Önal, E. (2013). Full factorial experimental design analysis of reactive dye removal by carbon adsorption. Journal of Chemistry, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/234904
  • Paredes-Quevedo, L.C., González-Caicedo, C., Torres-Luna, J.A., & Carriazo, J.G. (2021). Removal of a Textile Azo-Dye (Basic Red 46) in Water by Efficient Adsorption on a Natural Clay. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 232(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04968-2
  • Raj, R.S., Krishnan, K.A. (2024). Multi-stage batch adsorption of acephate onto cauliflower like Fe3O4-MMT: Characterization and statistical optimization using response surface methodology. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 21, 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100949
  • Regti, A., Laamari, M.R., Stiriba, S.E., & El Haddad, M. (2017). Use of response factorial design for process optimization of basic dye adsorption onto activated carbon derived from Persea species. Microchemical Journal, 130, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.08.012
  • Salleh, M.A.M., Mahmoud, D.K., Karim, W.A.W.A., & Idris, A. (2011). Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review. Desalination, 280(1–3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.019
  • Shi, Y., Chang, Q., Zhang, T., Song, G., Sun, Y., Ding, G. (2022). A review on selective dye adsorption by different mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(1), 108639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108639
  • Sarioglu, M., & Bisgin, T. (2010). Decolorization of Basic Red 46 and Methylene Blue by anaerobic sludge: Biotic and abiotic processes. Desalination and Water Treatment, 23(1–3), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1951
  • Shoushtarian, F., Moghaddam, M.R.A., & Kowsari, E. (2020). Efficient regeneration/reuse of graphene oxide as a nanoadsorbent for removing basic Red 46 from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113386
  • Umpuch, C., Fakthaisongdechakul, T. (2024). Application of response surface methodology for optimization of reactive black 5 removal by gelatin beads containing TTAB modified montmorillonite clay. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9, 100758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100758
  • Yagub, M.T., Sen, T.K., Afroze, S., & Ang, H.M. (2014). Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 209, 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.002
  • Yang, X., Zhu, W., Song, Y., Zhuang, H., & Tang, H. (2021). Removal of cationic dye BR46 by biochar prepared from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat straw: A study on adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and isotherm. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 340, 116617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116617
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Wastewater Treatment Processes, Separation Technologies
Journal Section Full-length articles
Authors

Adnan Aldemir 0000-0001-9884-0961

Ali Rıza Kul 0000-0001-9331-775X

Publication Date
Submission Date December 25, 2024
Acceptance Date April 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aldemir, A., & Kul, A. R. (n.d.). Optimization of Removal Conditions for Basic Red 46 from Aqueous Solutions on Pinecone as an Eco-Friendly Adsorbent. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 8(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1607300
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