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Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 240 - 250, 27.06.2025

Olusola Aremu Yetunde Isimi Kokonne Ekere Olawale Agbaje Olubunmi Olayemi , Musiliu Adedokun Martins Emeje

https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.141

Abstract

References

  • [1] Ogunsina BS, Koya OA, Adeosun OO. Deformation and fracture of dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis) under uni-axial compressive loading. Int. Agrophys. 2008; 22(3): 249–253.
  • [2} Ayivor JE, Debrah SK, Nuviadenu C, Forson A. Evaluation of elemental contents of Wild Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruit in Ghana. Adv J Food Sci Tech. 2011; 3(5): 381-384.
  • [3] Ekpe OO, Umoh IB, Eka OU. Effect of a typical rural processing method on the proximate composition and amino acid profile of bush mango seeds (Irvingia gabonensis). Afr J Food Agr Nutr Dev. 2007; 7(1): 1-12.
  • [4] Ndamitso MM, Mathew JT, Shaba EY, Salihu AB, Ogunmiloro OJ. Comparative nutritional compositions of Irvingia gabonensis (Wild bush mango) seeds and Abelmoschus esculaentus (Okra) pods. Nig J Chem Res. 2012; 17: 50-58.
  • [5] Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SR. The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon. Lipids Health Dis. 2005; 4: 12. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Njoku OU, Ugwuanyi JO. Nutritional and toxicology ical properties of Dika fat (Irvingia gabonensis). J Herbs Spices Med Plt. 1997; 4(4): 53-58. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Onimawo IA, Oteno F, Orokpo G, Akubor PI. Physicochemical and nutrient evaluation of African bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seeds and pulp. Plt foods Hum Nutr. 2003; 58: 1-6. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Onojah PK, Musa F, Ugwuowo EN. Comparative studies on the proximate composition and anti-nutrient content of the cotyledons of two species of Irvingia (Ogbono) sold in Anyigba main market, Kogi State, Nigeria. J Chem Soc. 2018; 43(2): 98-107.
  • [9] Sahoré AD, Koffi LB, Kouamé, AM. Technical sheet of Irvingia gabonensis seeds preparation in Ivory Coast. Am J Food Sci Tech. 2013; 1(3): 42-44.
  • [10] Adamson I, Okafor C, Abu-Bakare A. Erythrocyte membrane ATPases in diabetes: Effect of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonensis). Enzyme. 1986; 36: 212-215. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Adamson I, Okafor C, Abu-Bakare A. A supplement of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonensis) improves treatment of type II diabetics. West Afric J Med. 1990; 9: 108-115.
  • [12] Kuyooro SE, Abam EO, Agbede, EB. Hypolipidemic effects of Irvingia gabonensis- supplemented diets in male albino rats. Biochem Anal Biochem. 2017; 6(2): 1-5. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Ngondi JL, Djiotsa EJ, Fossouo Z, Oben J. Hypoglycaemic effect of the methanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on streptozotocin diabetic rats. Afr J Trad Cam. 2006; 3(4): 74-77.
  • [14] Isimi CY, Kunle O, Bangudu AB. Some emulsifying and suspending properties of the mucilage extracted from kernels of Irvingia gabonensis. Boll Chim Farm. 2000; 139: 199–204.
  • [15] Ndjouenkeu R, Akingbala J, Oguntimein G. Emulsifying properties of three African food hydrocolloids: okra (Hibiscus esculentus), dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis) and khan (Belschmiedia sp.). Plant Food Hum Nutr (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum). 1997; 51: 245-255. [CrossRef}
  • [16] Odeku OA, Patani B. Evaluation of dika nut mucilage (Irvingia gabonensis) as a binding agent in metronidazole tablet formulation. Pharm Dev Technol. 2005; 10: 439-446. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Onyechi JO, Udeala OK. The tableting properties of dika fat lubricant. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1990; 16: 1203–1216. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Udeala OK, Onyechi JO, Agu SI. Preliminary evaluation of dika fat, a new tablet lubricant. J Pharma Pharmacol. 1980; 32: 6-9. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Onyechi JO. Preformulation compatibility screening of dika fat-drug mixtures using differential scanning calorimetry. Bioresearch. 2009; 7(1): 465–469. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Ofoefule SI, Chukwu A, Okore VC, Ugwah MO. Use of dika fat in the formulation of sustained release frusemide encapsulated granules. Boll Chim Farm. 1997; 136: 646.
  • [21] Okore VC. Effect of dika fat content of a barrier film coating on the kinetics of drug release from swelling polymeric systems. Boll Chim Farm. 2000; 139: 21–25.
  • [22] Boylan CJ, Swarbrick J. Ency Pharm Tech. 2002; 1(2): 932-955.
  • [23] Cantisani C, Ricci S, Grieco T, Paolino G, Faina V, Silvestri E, Calvieri S. Topical promethazine side effects: our experience and review of the literature. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 151509. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Ofoefule SI, Chukwu A, Nwankwo C, Orisakwe, OE. In-Vitro Properties of Ciprofloxacin Suppositories Formulated with Glycerogelatin and Theobroma Oil Bases. Boll Chim Farmaceutico. 1998; 137(9): 341-344.
  • [25] British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Office: MHRA, 151 Buckingham Palace road, London SW1W9SZ 2013.
  • [26] Azhgikhin IS. Determination of the hardness of suppository bases using Kaminskii’s device. Aptechn Delo. 1965; 14: 14-19.
  • [27] Lund W. The Pharmaceutical codex, Principles and practice of Pharmaceutics. The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1994, pp. 170-176.
  • [28] Taylor O, Igwilo C I, Adeoye DI, Awosika OO. In vitro release of paracetamol from various suppository formulations of purified shea butter. J Pharm Sci Pharm Prac. 1993; 2: 93-99.
  • [29] Kaewnopparat S, Kaewnopparat N. Formulation and Evaluation of Vaginal Suppositories Containing Lactobacillus. WASET. 2009; 55: 640-643.
  • [30] Sahoo CK, Sudhakar M, Ramana DV, Satyanarayana K. A Discussion on quality control of suppositories. MJPMS. 2017; 6(3): 16-18.
  • [31] Carter SJ. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students. CBS Pub., Delhi, 1987, pp. 231-252.
  • [32] Hosny E. Formulation, in-vitro release and ex-vivo spasmolytic effects of mebeverine hydrochloride suppositories containing polycarbophil or polysorbate 80. Int J Pharm. 1996; 142(2): 163-168. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Realdon N, Ragazzi E, Ragazzi E. Effect of drug solubility on in vitro availability rate from suppositories with polyethylene glycol excipients. Pharmazie. 2001; 56: 163–167.
  • [34] Okubanjo OO, Odeku OA. Effect of interacting variables on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate suppositories. Acta Pharm Sci. 2009; 51(3): 281-288.
  • [36] Adebayo AS, Akala EO. Kinetics model for the in vitro release of an hydrophilic drug (Amodiaquine) from fat-based Suppositories. Int J Arts Technol. 2005; 2: 1-11.
  • [36] Attama AA, Ezeabasili SI, Adikwu MU. In vitro release of salicylic acid from suppositories formulated with blends of goat fat and palm kernel oil. J Pharm Res Dev. 2000; 5: 17-22.

Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations

Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 240 - 250, 27.06.2025

Olusola Aremu Yetunde Isimi Kokonne Ekere Olawale Agbaje Olubunmi Olayemi , Musiliu Adedokun Martins Emeje

https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.141

Abstract

A study has been made on the formulation and evaluation of promethazine hydrochloride suppositories using dika fat (DF) from Irvingia gabonensis seeds as a base comparatively with both water and fatty soluble bases. Rectal suppositories containing promethazine hydrochloride (25 mg) in pre-calibrated mould were prepared by fusion method using DF, macrogol (MG), cocoa butter (CB) and cocoa butter + 10%w/w (weight by weight) beeswax (CBW) as bases. Thereafter the suppositories were characterized using parameters such as appearance, crushing strength, weight variation, melting point, pH, liquefaction time, content uniformity, and in vitro release in accordance with standard procedures. Results obtained indicated that the bases used generally could be ranked in the order of DF > CB > MG > CBW in terms of favourable physicochemical properties investigated. The foregoing indicates that DF has promising potential and could be a substitute suppository base in the formulation of promethazine hydrochloride suppositories

Keywords

Formulation suppositories promethazine hydrochloride Dika fat

References

  • [1] Ogunsina BS, Koya OA, Adeosun OO. Deformation and fracture of dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis) under uni-axial compressive loading. Int. Agrophys. 2008; 22(3): 249–253.
  • [2} Ayivor JE, Debrah SK, Nuviadenu C, Forson A. Evaluation of elemental contents of Wild Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruit in Ghana. Adv J Food Sci Tech. 2011; 3(5): 381-384.
  • [3] Ekpe OO, Umoh IB, Eka OU. Effect of a typical rural processing method on the proximate composition and amino acid profile of bush mango seeds (Irvingia gabonensis). Afr J Food Agr Nutr Dev. 2007; 7(1): 1-12.
  • [4] Ndamitso MM, Mathew JT, Shaba EY, Salihu AB, Ogunmiloro OJ. Comparative nutritional compositions of Irvingia gabonensis (Wild bush mango) seeds and Abelmoschus esculaentus (Okra) pods. Nig J Chem Res. 2012; 17: 50-58.
  • [5] Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SR. The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon. Lipids Health Dis. 2005; 4: 12. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Njoku OU, Ugwuanyi JO. Nutritional and toxicology ical properties of Dika fat (Irvingia gabonensis). J Herbs Spices Med Plt. 1997; 4(4): 53-58. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Onimawo IA, Oteno F, Orokpo G, Akubor PI. Physicochemical and nutrient evaluation of African bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seeds and pulp. Plt foods Hum Nutr. 2003; 58: 1-6. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Onojah PK, Musa F, Ugwuowo EN. Comparative studies on the proximate composition and anti-nutrient content of the cotyledons of two species of Irvingia (Ogbono) sold in Anyigba main market, Kogi State, Nigeria. J Chem Soc. 2018; 43(2): 98-107.
  • [9] Sahoré AD, Koffi LB, Kouamé, AM. Technical sheet of Irvingia gabonensis seeds preparation in Ivory Coast. Am J Food Sci Tech. 2013; 1(3): 42-44.
  • [10] Adamson I, Okafor C, Abu-Bakare A. Erythrocyte membrane ATPases in diabetes: Effect of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonensis). Enzyme. 1986; 36: 212-215. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Adamson I, Okafor C, Abu-Bakare A. A supplement of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonensis) improves treatment of type II diabetics. West Afric J Med. 1990; 9: 108-115.
  • [12] Kuyooro SE, Abam EO, Agbede, EB. Hypolipidemic effects of Irvingia gabonensis- supplemented diets in male albino rats. Biochem Anal Biochem. 2017; 6(2): 1-5. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Ngondi JL, Djiotsa EJ, Fossouo Z, Oben J. Hypoglycaemic effect of the methanol extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on streptozotocin diabetic rats. Afr J Trad Cam. 2006; 3(4): 74-77.
  • [14] Isimi CY, Kunle O, Bangudu AB. Some emulsifying and suspending properties of the mucilage extracted from kernels of Irvingia gabonensis. Boll Chim Farm. 2000; 139: 199–204.
  • [15] Ndjouenkeu R, Akingbala J, Oguntimein G. Emulsifying properties of three African food hydrocolloids: okra (Hibiscus esculentus), dika nut (Irvingia gabonensis) and khan (Belschmiedia sp.). Plant Food Hum Nutr (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum). 1997; 51: 245-255. [CrossRef}
  • [16] Odeku OA, Patani B. Evaluation of dika nut mucilage (Irvingia gabonensis) as a binding agent in metronidazole tablet formulation. Pharm Dev Technol. 2005; 10: 439-446. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Onyechi JO, Udeala OK. The tableting properties of dika fat lubricant. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1990; 16: 1203–1216. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Udeala OK, Onyechi JO, Agu SI. Preliminary evaluation of dika fat, a new tablet lubricant. J Pharma Pharmacol. 1980; 32: 6-9. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Onyechi JO. Preformulation compatibility screening of dika fat-drug mixtures using differential scanning calorimetry. Bioresearch. 2009; 7(1): 465–469. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Ofoefule SI, Chukwu A, Okore VC, Ugwah MO. Use of dika fat in the formulation of sustained release frusemide encapsulated granules. Boll Chim Farm. 1997; 136: 646.
  • [21] Okore VC. Effect of dika fat content of a barrier film coating on the kinetics of drug release from swelling polymeric systems. Boll Chim Farm. 2000; 139: 21–25.
  • [22] Boylan CJ, Swarbrick J. Ency Pharm Tech. 2002; 1(2): 932-955.
  • [23] Cantisani C, Ricci S, Grieco T, Paolino G, Faina V, Silvestri E, Calvieri S. Topical promethazine side effects: our experience and review of the literature. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 151509. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Ofoefule SI, Chukwu A, Nwankwo C, Orisakwe, OE. In-Vitro Properties of Ciprofloxacin Suppositories Formulated with Glycerogelatin and Theobroma Oil Bases. Boll Chim Farmaceutico. 1998; 137(9): 341-344.
  • [25] British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Office: MHRA, 151 Buckingham Palace road, London SW1W9SZ 2013.
  • [26] Azhgikhin IS. Determination of the hardness of suppository bases using Kaminskii’s device. Aptechn Delo. 1965; 14: 14-19.
  • [27] Lund W. The Pharmaceutical codex, Principles and practice of Pharmaceutics. The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1994, pp. 170-176.
  • [28] Taylor O, Igwilo C I, Adeoye DI, Awosika OO. In vitro release of paracetamol from various suppository formulations of purified shea butter. J Pharm Sci Pharm Prac. 1993; 2: 93-99.
  • [29] Kaewnopparat S, Kaewnopparat N. Formulation and Evaluation of Vaginal Suppositories Containing Lactobacillus. WASET. 2009; 55: 640-643.
  • [30] Sahoo CK, Sudhakar M, Ramana DV, Satyanarayana K. A Discussion on quality control of suppositories. MJPMS. 2017; 6(3): 16-18.
  • [31] Carter SJ. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students. CBS Pub., Delhi, 1987, pp. 231-252.
  • [32] Hosny E. Formulation, in-vitro release and ex-vivo spasmolytic effects of mebeverine hydrochloride suppositories containing polycarbophil or polysorbate 80. Int J Pharm. 1996; 142(2): 163-168. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Realdon N, Ragazzi E, Ragazzi E. Effect of drug solubility on in vitro availability rate from suppositories with polyethylene glycol excipients. Pharmazie. 2001; 56: 163–167.
  • [34] Okubanjo OO, Odeku OA. Effect of interacting variables on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate suppositories. Acta Pharm Sci. 2009; 51(3): 281-288.
  • [36] Adebayo AS, Akala EO. Kinetics model for the in vitro release of an hydrophilic drug (Amodiaquine) from fat-based Suppositories. Int J Arts Technol. 2005; 2: 1-11.
  • [36] Attama AA, Ezeabasili SI, Adikwu MU. In vitro release of salicylic acid from suppositories formulated with blends of goat fat and palm kernel oil. J Pharm Res Dev. 2000; 5: 17-22.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Olusola Aremu

Yetunde Isimi

Kokonne Ekere

Olawale Agbaje

Olubunmi Olayemi

Musiliu Adedokun

Martins Emeje

Publication Date June 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aremu, O., Isimi, Y., Ekere, K., Agbaje, O., et al. (2025). Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 24(2), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.141
AMA Aremu O, Isimi Y, Ekere K, Agbaje O, Olayemi O, Adedokun M, Emeje M. Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations. J. Res. Pharm. June 2025;24(2):240-250. doi:10.35333/jrp.2020.141
Chicago Aremu, Olusola, Yetunde Isimi, Kokonne Ekere, Olawale Agbaje, Olubunmi Olayemi, Musiliu Adedokun, and Martins Emeje. “Comparative Evaluation of Irvingia Gabonensis Seed Fat Extract and Other Bases in Promethazine Hydrochloride Suppository Formulations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24, no. 2 (June 2025): 240-50. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.141.
EndNote Aremu O, Isimi Y, Ekere K, Agbaje O, Olayemi O, Adedokun M, Emeje M (June 1, 2025) Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24 2 240–250.
IEEE O. Aremu, Y. Isimi, K. Ekere, O. Agbaje, O. Olayemi, M. Adedokun, and M. Emeje, “Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 240–250, 2025, doi: 10.35333/jrp.2020.141.
ISNAD Aremu, Olusola et al. “Comparative Evaluation of Irvingia Gabonensis Seed Fat Extract and Other Bases in Promethazine Hydrochloride Suppository Formulations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 24/2 (June 2025), 240-250. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.141.
JAMA Aremu O, Isimi Y, Ekere K, Agbaje O, Olayemi O, Adedokun M, Emeje M. Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;24:240–250.
MLA Aremu, Olusola et al. “Comparative Evaluation of Irvingia Gabonensis Seed Fat Extract and Other Bases in Promethazine Hydrochloride Suppository Formulations”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 24, no. 2, 2025, pp. 240-5, doi:10.35333/jrp.2020.141.
Vancouver Aremu O, Isimi Y, Ekere K, Agbaje O, Olayemi O, Adedokun M, Emeje M. Comparative evaluation of Irvingia gabonensis seed fat extract and other bases in promethazine hydrochloride suppository formulations. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;24(2):240-5.