Year 2021,
Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 27.06.2025
Seda Rençber
,
Ece Özcan Bülbül
Neslihan Üstündağ
,
Zeynep Senyiğit
References
- Üstündağ Okur N, Yozgatlı V, Okur ME, Yoltaş A, Siafaka PI. Improving Therapeutic Efficacy of Voriconazole
Against Fungal Keratitis: Thermo-Sensitive In Situ Gels as Ophthalmic Drug Carriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol.
2019; 49: 323–333. [CrossRef]
- Üstündaǧ Okur N, Yoltas A, Yozgatli V. Development and Characterization of Voriconazole Loaded In Situ Gel
Formulations for Ophthalmic Application. Turkish J Pharm Sci. 2016; 13: 311–317. [CrossRef]
- Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Batur Ş, Yoltaş A, Genç E, Pertek S, et al. Evaluation of In Situ Gel Containing Pycnogenol for
Cutaneous Wound Healing. Medeniyet Med J. 2019; 34: 67–75.[CrossRef]
- Aksu NB, Yozgatlı V, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Yoltaş A, Üstündağ Okur N. Preparation and Evaluation of QbD Based
Fusidic Acid Loaded In Situ Gel Formulations for Burn Wound Treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019; 52: 110–
121.[CrossRef]
- The International Pharmacopoeia - Ninth Edition - Ophthalmic Preparations. 2019.
Sandle T. Sterile Ophthalmic Preparations and Contamination Control. J GXP Compliance. 2014; 18(3).
Brun-Graeppi AKAS, Richard C, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Narita T, Ducouret G, et al. The Effect of Sterilization
Methods on the Thermo-Gelation Properties of Xyloglucan Hydrogels. Polym Degrad Stab. 2010; 95(2): 254–259.
[CrossRef]
- Cooper RC, Yang H. Hydrogel-Based Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Emerging Fabrication Strategies,Applications,
and Bench-to-Bedside Manufacturing Considerations. J Control Release. 2019; 306: 29–39. [CrossRef]
- Aldrich DS, Bach CM, Brown W, Chambers W, Fleitman J, Hunt D, et al. Ophthalmic Preparations. Stimuli to Revis
Process. 2013; 39(5): 1–21.
Imperiale JC, Acosta GB, Sosnik A. Polymer-Based Carriers for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. J Control Release. 2018;
285: 106–141. [CrossRef]
- Galante R, Pinto TJA, Colaço R, Serro AP. Sterilization of Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review. J
Biomed Res. 2018; 106(6): 2472–2492.
[12] Soliman KA, Ullah K, Shah A, Jones DS, Singh TRR. Poloxamer-Based In Situ Gelling Thermoresponsive Systems
for Ocular Drug Delivery Applications. Drug Discov Today. 2019; 24(8): 1575–1586. [CrossRef]
- Lihong W, Xin C, Yongxue G, Yiying B, Gang C. Thermoresponsive Ophthalmic Poloxamer/Tween/Carbopol In
Situ Gels of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Fluconazole: Preparation and In Vitro – In Vivo Evaluation. Drug Dev Ind
Pharm. 2014; 40: 1402–1410.[CrossRef
- Asasutjarit R, Thanasanchokpibull S, Fuongfuchat A, Veeranondha S. Optimization and Evaluation of
Thermoresponsive Diclofenac Sodium Ophthalmic In Situ Gels. Int J Pharm. 2011; 411(1-2): 128–135. [CrossRef]
- Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Tadros MI, Abd-Elsalam WH. Promising Ion-Sensitive In Situ Ocular Nanoemulsion
Gels of Terbinafine Hydrochloride: Design, In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Estimation of the Ocular
Irritation and Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Aqueous Humor of Rabbits. Int J Pharm. 2013; 443(1-2): 293–305.
[CrossRef]
- Burak J, Grela KP, Pluta J, Karolewicz B, Marciniak DM. Impact of Sterilisation Conditions the Rheological
Properties of Thermoresponsive Pluronic F-127-Based Gels for the Ophthalmic Use. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res
2018; 75(2): 471–481.
[17] Ni J, Guo M, Cao Y, Lei L, Liu K, Wang B, et al. Discovery, Synthesis of Novel Fusidic Acid Derivatives Possessed
Amino-Terminal Groups at the 3-Hydroxyl Position with Anticancer Activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2019; 162: 122–131.
[CrossRef]
- Akinpelu OI, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM, Mhlongo NN. Drug Repurposing : Fusidic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of
M . Tuberculosis FtsZ Polymerization – Insight from DFT Calculations , Molecular Docking and Molecular
Dynamics Simulations. Tuberculosis. 2020; 121: 101920. [CrossRef]
- Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Yozgatlı V, Aksu NB, Yoltaş A, Orak D, et al. Evaluation of Burn Wound Healing Activity of
Novel Fusidic Acid Loaded Microemulsion Based Gel in Male Wistar Albino Rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020; 28: 338–348.
[CrossRef]
- Biedenbach DJ, Rhomberg PR, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Spectrum of Activity, Mutation Rates, Synergistic
Interactions, and the Effects of pH and Serum Proteins for Fusidic Acid (CEM-102). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.
2010; 66(3): 301–307. [CrossRef]
- Bochot A, Fattal E, Grossiord JL, Puisieux F, Couvreur P. Characterization of a New Ocular Delivery System Based
on a Dispersion of Liposomes in a Thermosensitive Gel. Int J Pharm. 1998; 162: 119–127. [CrossRef]
- Youssef NAHA, Kassem AA, Farid RM, Ismail FA, EL-Massik MAE, Boraie NA. A Novel Nasal Almotriptan
Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Mucoadhesive In Situ Gel Formulation for Brain Targeting: Preparation,
Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2018; 548: 609–624. [CrossRef]
- Pagano C, Giovagnoli S, Perioli L, Tiralti MC, Ricci M. Development and Characterization of Mucoadhesive-
Thermoresponsive Gels for The Treatment of Oral Mucosa Diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020; 142: 105125. [CrossRef]
- Makwana SB, Patel VA, Parmar SJ. Development and Characterization of In-Situ Gel for Ophthalmic Formulation
Containing Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. Results Pharma Sci. 2016; 6: 1–6. [CrossRef]
- Pawar SD, Pawar RG, Gadhave M V., Jadhav SL, Gaikwad DD. Controlled Release In Situ Forming Gatifloxacin
HCL Hydrogel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Int Res J Pharm. 2012; 3: 86–89.
- Patel N, Thakkar V, Metalia V, Baldaniya L, Gandhi T, Gohel M. Formulation and Development of Ophthalmic In
Situ Gel for the Treatment Ocular Inflammation and Infection Using Application of Quality by Design Concept.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2016; 42: 1406–1423.[CrossRef]
- Güven UM, Berkman MS, Şenel B, Yazan Y. Development and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Thermo-Sensitive In
Situ Gelling Systems for Ocular Allergy. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2019; 55: 1–11. [CrossRef]
- Karatas A, Boluk A, Hilal Algan A. Poloxamer/Chitosan In Situ Gelling System for Ocular Delivery of Ofloxacin.
Curr Drug Ther. 2014; 9(4): 219–225. [CrossRef]
- Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of an In Situ Forming Gel System for Sustained
Delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 38: 271–277.
- Li L, Guo D, Guo J, Song J, Wu Q, Liu D, et al. Thermosensitive In-Situ Forming Gels for Ophthalmic Delivery of
Tea Polyphenols. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 46: 243–250.[CrossRef].
- Rençber S, Karavana SY, Şenyiğit ZA, Eraç B, Limoncu MH, Baloğlu E. Mucoadhesive In Situ Gel Formulation for
Vaginal Delivery of Clotrimazole: Formulation, Preparation, and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol.
2017; 22(4): 551–561. [CrossRef]
- Chang JY, Oh YK, Choi H gon, Kim YB, Kim CK. Rheological Evaluation of Thermosensitive and Mucoadhesive
Vaginal Gels in Physiological Conditions. Int J Pharm. 2002; 241(1): 155–163. [CrossRef]
- Kaur H, Loyee S, Garg R. Formulation and Evaluation of In-Situ Ocular Gel of Gatifloxacin. Int J Pharma Res Heal
Sci. 2016;4(5):1365–1370. [CrossRef]
- Mandal S, Thimmasetty MK, Prabhushankar G, MS G. Formulation and Evaluation of an In Situ Gel-Forming
Ophthalmic Formulation of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012; 2(2): 78–82. [CrossRef]
- Swain GP, Patel S, Gandhi J, Shah P. Development of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Loaded In-Situ Gel for the
Treatment of Periodontitis: In-Vitro Drug Release Study and Antibacterial Activity. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res.
2019; 9(3): 190–200. [CrossRef]
- Baloglu E, Karavana SY, Senyigit ZA, Guneri T. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poloxamer Mixtures as a
Mucoadhesive Gel Base. Pharm Dev Technol. 2011; 16(6): 627–636. [CrossRef]
- Baloglu E, Karavana SY, Senyigit ZA, Hilmioglu-Polat S, Metin DY, Zekioglu O, et al. In-Situ Gel Formulations of
Econazole Nitrate: Preparation and In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011; 63: 1274–1282.
[CrossRef]
- Abouhussein DMN, Khattab A, Bayoumi NA, Mahmoud AF, Sakr TM. Brain Targeted Rivastigmine Mucoadhesive
Thermosensitive In Situ Gel: Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, Radiolabeling, In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and
Biodistribution. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 43: 129–140. [CrossRef]
- Siafaka P, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Er S, Cağlar EŞ, Okur NÜ. Design and Characterization of Nanocarriers Loaded with
Levofloxacin for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity; Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Release and Oral Acute
Toxicity. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2019; 55: 1–13. [CrossRef]
- Bilensoy E, Rouf MA, Vural I, Şen M, Hıncal AA. Mucoadhesive, Thermosensitive, Prolonged-Release Vaginal Gel
for Clotrimazole : β-Cyclodextrin Complex. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006; 7(2): 1–7. [CrossRef]
- Choi HG, Jung JH, Ryu JM, Yoon SJ, Oh YK, Kim CK. Development of In Situ-Gelling and Mucoadhesive
Acetaminophen Liquid Suppository. Int J Pharm .1998; 165(1): 33–44. [CrossRef]
- Jones DS, Woolfson AD, Djokic J. Texture Profile Analysis of Bioadhesive Polymeric Semisolids: Mechanical Characterization and Investigation of Interactions Between Formulation Components. J Appl Polym Sci. 1996;61(12): 2229–2234. [CrossRef]
- Üstündaǧ-Okur N, Gökçe EH, Bozbiyik DI, Eǧrilmez S, Özer Ö, Ertan G. Preparation and In Vitro-In Vivo
Evaluation of Ofloxacin Loaded Ophthalmic Nano Structured Lipid Carriers Modified with Chitosan
Oligosaccharide Lactate for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014; 63: 204–215. [CrossRef]
- [Özcan Bülbül E, Mesut B, Cevher E, Öztaş E, Özsoy Y. Product Transfer from Lab-Scale to Pilot-Scale of Quetiapine
Fumarate Orodispersible Films Using Quality by Design Approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019; 54: 101358.
[CrossRef]
- Dash S, Murthy PN, Nath L, Chowdhury P. Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery
Systems. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res. 2010; 67: 217–223.
- Aksu B, Yurdasiper A, Ege MA, Okur NÜ, Karasulu HY. Development and Comparative Evaluation of Extended
Release Indomethacin Capsules. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 7(30): 2201–2209.
- Costa P, Lobo JMS. Modeling and Comparison of Dissolution Profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001; 13(2): 123–133.
[CrossRef]
- Üstündağ Okur N, Filippousi M, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çağlar EŞ, Yoltaş A, et al. A Novel Approach for Skin
Infections: Controlled Release Topical Mats of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Succinate) Blends Containing
Voriconazole. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 46: 74–86. [CrossRef]
Preparation and detailed characterization of fusidic acid loaded in situ gel formulations for ophthalmic application
Year 2021,
Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 27.06.2025
Seda Rençber
,
Ece Özcan Bülbül
Neslihan Üstündağ
,
Zeynep Senyiğit
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential usage of fusidic acid in situ ocular gels for bacterial conjunctivitis treatment. The in situ gelling systems were applied to improve the bioavailability and residence time of fusidic acid in the ocular mucosa. Temperature-triggered in situ ocular gel formulations were prepared by the cold method with Poloxamer 407 and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The in situ gels were evaluated for pH, clarity, gelation temperature, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and in vitro drug release. The gelation temperatures of fusidic acid loaded the formulations were between 29–33°C. All prepared in situ gels showed non- Newtonian pseudoplastic flow (shear thinning system) like tear fluid at 32 ± 0.1ºC. The results of in vitro dissolution studies showed that at least 65% of fusidic acid released in 12 hours. As a result of this study, it was concluded that fusidic acid loaded in situ gels might be offered as a promising ocular tool for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
References
- Üstündağ Okur N, Yozgatlı V, Okur ME, Yoltaş A, Siafaka PI. Improving Therapeutic Efficacy of Voriconazole
Against Fungal Keratitis: Thermo-Sensitive In Situ Gels as Ophthalmic Drug Carriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol.
2019; 49: 323–333. [CrossRef]
- Üstündaǧ Okur N, Yoltas A, Yozgatli V. Development and Characterization of Voriconazole Loaded In Situ Gel
Formulations for Ophthalmic Application. Turkish J Pharm Sci. 2016; 13: 311–317. [CrossRef]
- Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Batur Ş, Yoltaş A, Genç E, Pertek S, et al. Evaluation of In Situ Gel Containing Pycnogenol for
Cutaneous Wound Healing. Medeniyet Med J. 2019; 34: 67–75.[CrossRef]
- Aksu NB, Yozgatlı V, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Yoltaş A, Üstündağ Okur N. Preparation and Evaluation of QbD Based
Fusidic Acid Loaded In Situ Gel Formulations for Burn Wound Treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019; 52: 110–
121.[CrossRef]
- The International Pharmacopoeia - Ninth Edition - Ophthalmic Preparations. 2019.
Sandle T. Sterile Ophthalmic Preparations and Contamination Control. J GXP Compliance. 2014; 18(3).
Brun-Graeppi AKAS, Richard C, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Narita T, Ducouret G, et al. The Effect of Sterilization
Methods on the Thermo-Gelation Properties of Xyloglucan Hydrogels. Polym Degrad Stab. 2010; 95(2): 254–259.
[CrossRef]
- Cooper RC, Yang H. Hydrogel-Based Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Emerging Fabrication Strategies,Applications,
and Bench-to-Bedside Manufacturing Considerations. J Control Release. 2019; 306: 29–39. [CrossRef]
- Aldrich DS, Bach CM, Brown W, Chambers W, Fleitman J, Hunt D, et al. Ophthalmic Preparations. Stimuli to Revis
Process. 2013; 39(5): 1–21.
Imperiale JC, Acosta GB, Sosnik A. Polymer-Based Carriers for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. J Control Release. 2018;
285: 106–141. [CrossRef]
- Galante R, Pinto TJA, Colaço R, Serro AP. Sterilization of Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review. J
Biomed Res. 2018; 106(6): 2472–2492.
[12] Soliman KA, Ullah K, Shah A, Jones DS, Singh TRR. Poloxamer-Based In Situ Gelling Thermoresponsive Systems
for Ocular Drug Delivery Applications. Drug Discov Today. 2019; 24(8): 1575–1586. [CrossRef]
- Lihong W, Xin C, Yongxue G, Yiying B, Gang C. Thermoresponsive Ophthalmic Poloxamer/Tween/Carbopol In
Situ Gels of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Fluconazole: Preparation and In Vitro – In Vivo Evaluation. Drug Dev Ind
Pharm. 2014; 40: 1402–1410.[CrossRef
- Asasutjarit R, Thanasanchokpibull S, Fuongfuchat A, Veeranondha S. Optimization and Evaluation of
Thermoresponsive Diclofenac Sodium Ophthalmic In Situ Gels. Int J Pharm. 2011; 411(1-2): 128–135. [CrossRef]
- Tayel SA, El-Nabarawi MA, Tadros MI, Abd-Elsalam WH. Promising Ion-Sensitive In Situ Ocular Nanoemulsion
Gels of Terbinafine Hydrochloride: Design, In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Estimation of the Ocular
Irritation and Drug Pharmacokinetics in the Aqueous Humor of Rabbits. Int J Pharm. 2013; 443(1-2): 293–305.
[CrossRef]
- Burak J, Grela KP, Pluta J, Karolewicz B, Marciniak DM. Impact of Sterilisation Conditions the Rheological
Properties of Thermoresponsive Pluronic F-127-Based Gels for the Ophthalmic Use. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res
2018; 75(2): 471–481.
[17] Ni J, Guo M, Cao Y, Lei L, Liu K, Wang B, et al. Discovery, Synthesis of Novel Fusidic Acid Derivatives Possessed
Amino-Terminal Groups at the 3-Hydroxyl Position with Anticancer Activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2019; 162: 122–131.
[CrossRef]
- Akinpelu OI, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM, Mhlongo NN. Drug Repurposing : Fusidic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of
M . Tuberculosis FtsZ Polymerization – Insight from DFT Calculations , Molecular Docking and Molecular
Dynamics Simulations. Tuberculosis. 2020; 121: 101920. [CrossRef]
- Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Yozgatlı V, Aksu NB, Yoltaş A, Orak D, et al. Evaluation of Burn Wound Healing Activity of
Novel Fusidic Acid Loaded Microemulsion Based Gel in Male Wistar Albino Rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020; 28: 338–348.
[CrossRef]
- Biedenbach DJ, Rhomberg PR, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Spectrum of Activity, Mutation Rates, Synergistic
Interactions, and the Effects of pH and Serum Proteins for Fusidic Acid (CEM-102). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.
2010; 66(3): 301–307. [CrossRef]
- Bochot A, Fattal E, Grossiord JL, Puisieux F, Couvreur P. Characterization of a New Ocular Delivery System Based
on a Dispersion of Liposomes in a Thermosensitive Gel. Int J Pharm. 1998; 162: 119–127. [CrossRef]
- Youssef NAHA, Kassem AA, Farid RM, Ismail FA, EL-Massik MAE, Boraie NA. A Novel Nasal Almotriptan
Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Mucoadhesive In Situ Gel Formulation for Brain Targeting: Preparation,
Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2018; 548: 609–624. [CrossRef]
- Pagano C, Giovagnoli S, Perioli L, Tiralti MC, Ricci M. Development and Characterization of Mucoadhesive-
Thermoresponsive Gels for The Treatment of Oral Mucosa Diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020; 142: 105125. [CrossRef]
- Makwana SB, Patel VA, Parmar SJ. Development and Characterization of In-Situ Gel for Ophthalmic Formulation
Containing Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. Results Pharma Sci. 2016; 6: 1–6. [CrossRef]
- Pawar SD, Pawar RG, Gadhave M V., Jadhav SL, Gaikwad DD. Controlled Release In Situ Forming Gatifloxacin
HCL Hydrogel for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Int Res J Pharm. 2012; 3: 86–89.
- Patel N, Thakkar V, Metalia V, Baldaniya L, Gandhi T, Gohel M. Formulation and Development of Ophthalmic In
Situ Gel for the Treatment Ocular Inflammation and Infection Using Application of Quality by Design Concept.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2016; 42: 1406–1423.[CrossRef]
- Güven UM, Berkman MS, Şenel B, Yazan Y. Development and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Thermo-Sensitive In
Situ Gelling Systems for Ocular Allergy. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2019; 55: 1–11. [CrossRef]
- Karatas A, Boluk A, Hilal Algan A. Poloxamer/Chitosan In Situ Gelling System for Ocular Delivery of Ofloxacin.
Curr Drug Ther. 2014; 9(4): 219–225. [CrossRef]
- Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of an In Situ Forming Gel System for Sustained
Delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 38: 271–277.
- Li L, Guo D, Guo J, Song J, Wu Q, Liu D, et al. Thermosensitive In-Situ Forming Gels for Ophthalmic Delivery of
Tea Polyphenols. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 46: 243–250.[CrossRef].
- Rençber S, Karavana SY, Şenyiğit ZA, Eraç B, Limoncu MH, Baloğlu E. Mucoadhesive In Situ Gel Formulation for
Vaginal Delivery of Clotrimazole: Formulation, Preparation, and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol.
2017; 22(4): 551–561. [CrossRef]
- Chang JY, Oh YK, Choi H gon, Kim YB, Kim CK. Rheological Evaluation of Thermosensitive and Mucoadhesive
Vaginal Gels in Physiological Conditions. Int J Pharm. 2002; 241(1): 155–163. [CrossRef]
- Kaur H, Loyee S, Garg R. Formulation and Evaluation of In-Situ Ocular Gel of Gatifloxacin. Int J Pharma Res Heal
Sci. 2016;4(5):1365–1370. [CrossRef]
- Mandal S, Thimmasetty MK, Prabhushankar G, MS G. Formulation and Evaluation of an In Situ Gel-Forming
Ophthalmic Formulation of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012; 2(2): 78–82. [CrossRef]
- Swain GP, Patel S, Gandhi J, Shah P. Development of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Loaded In-Situ Gel for the
Treatment of Periodontitis: In-Vitro Drug Release Study and Antibacterial Activity. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res.
2019; 9(3): 190–200. [CrossRef]
- Baloglu E, Karavana SY, Senyigit ZA, Guneri T. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poloxamer Mixtures as a
Mucoadhesive Gel Base. Pharm Dev Technol. 2011; 16(6): 627–636. [CrossRef]
- Baloglu E, Karavana SY, Senyigit ZA, Hilmioglu-Polat S, Metin DY, Zekioglu O, et al. In-Situ Gel Formulations of
Econazole Nitrate: Preparation and In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011; 63: 1274–1282.
[CrossRef]
- Abouhussein DMN, Khattab A, Bayoumi NA, Mahmoud AF, Sakr TM. Brain Targeted Rivastigmine Mucoadhesive
Thermosensitive In Situ Gel: Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, Radiolabeling, In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and
Biodistribution. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 43: 129–140. [CrossRef]
- Siafaka P, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Er S, Cağlar EŞ, Okur NÜ. Design and Characterization of Nanocarriers Loaded with
Levofloxacin for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity; Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Release and Oral Acute
Toxicity. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2019; 55: 1–13. [CrossRef]
- Bilensoy E, Rouf MA, Vural I, Şen M, Hıncal AA. Mucoadhesive, Thermosensitive, Prolonged-Release Vaginal Gel
for Clotrimazole : β-Cyclodextrin Complex. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006; 7(2): 1–7. [CrossRef]
- Choi HG, Jung JH, Ryu JM, Yoon SJ, Oh YK, Kim CK. Development of In Situ-Gelling and Mucoadhesive
Acetaminophen Liquid Suppository. Int J Pharm .1998; 165(1): 33–44. [CrossRef]
- Jones DS, Woolfson AD, Djokic J. Texture Profile Analysis of Bioadhesive Polymeric Semisolids: Mechanical Characterization and Investigation of Interactions Between Formulation Components. J Appl Polym Sci. 1996;61(12): 2229–2234. [CrossRef]
- Üstündaǧ-Okur N, Gökçe EH, Bozbiyik DI, Eǧrilmez S, Özer Ö, Ertan G. Preparation and In Vitro-In Vivo
Evaluation of Ofloxacin Loaded Ophthalmic Nano Structured Lipid Carriers Modified with Chitosan
Oligosaccharide Lactate for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014; 63: 204–215. [CrossRef]
- [Özcan Bülbül E, Mesut B, Cevher E, Öztaş E, Özsoy Y. Product Transfer from Lab-Scale to Pilot-Scale of Quetiapine
Fumarate Orodispersible Films Using Quality by Design Approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019; 54: 101358.
[CrossRef]
- Dash S, Murthy PN, Nath L, Chowdhury P. Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery
Systems. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res. 2010; 67: 217–223.
- Aksu B, Yurdasiper A, Ege MA, Okur NÜ, Karasulu HY. Development and Comparative Evaluation of Extended
Release Indomethacin Capsules. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 7(30): 2201–2209.
- Costa P, Lobo JMS. Modeling and Comparison of Dissolution Profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001; 13(2): 123–133.
[CrossRef]
- Üstündağ Okur N, Filippousi M, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Çağlar EŞ, Yoltaş A, et al. A Novel Approach for Skin
Infections: Controlled Release Topical Mats of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Succinate) Blends Containing
Voriconazole. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 46: 74–86. [CrossRef]