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Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 2218 - 2241, 28.06.2025

Muhammed Trawally

Abstract

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consist of an enzyme family of eleven groups responsible for the hydrolytic breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cAMP and cGMP are important secondary messengers that regulate physiological functions. The widespread expression of PDE3 in tissues and organs makes it an attractive therapeutic target. For decades, PDE3 inhibitors have been acknowledged as significant pharmaceutical agents in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders due to their inotropic and vasodilatory actions. Emerging data, however, suggests that the potential therapeutic application of PDE3 inhibitors has gone beyond their traditional cardiovascular applications. This comprehensive review aims to explore the non-cardiovascular developments related to PDE3 inhibitors, exploring their mechanism of action, and clinical trials.

Keywords

phosphodiesterase PDE3 inhibitors drug repositioning respiratory disease anti-inflammatory disease anticancer COVID-19

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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Muhammed Trawally 0000-0002-0041-4612

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 27 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Trawally, M. (2025). Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(6), 2218-2241. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512
AMA Trawally M. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. July 2025;27(6):2218-2241. doi:10.29228/jrp.512
Chicago Trawally, Muhammed. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27, no. 6 (July 2025): 2218-41. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512.
EndNote Trawally M (July 1, 2025) Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 6 2218–2241.
IEEE M. Trawally, “Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2218–2241, 2025, doi: 10.29228/jrp.512.
ISNAD Trawally, Muhammed. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/6 (July 2025), 2218-2241. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512.
JAMA Trawally M. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:2218–2241.
MLA Trawally, Muhammed. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 6, 2025, pp. 2218-41, doi:10.29228/jrp.512.
Vancouver Trawally M. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(6):2218-41.