The Production of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA/PEG Nanoparticle for The Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Year 2023,
Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 2399 - 2404, 28.06.2025
Ece Guler
Muhammet Emin Çam
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the world. This neurodegenerative disease affects 6.5 million people's lives by leading to functional impairments such as memory loss and cognitive regression. In the treatment of AD, there is no drug for radical treatment in the worldwide. Current treatment strategies provide relief to the symptoms. Therefore, curcumin (CUR) was preferred as a promising alternative therapeutic approach in this study. By using the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, PLGA/PEG nanoparticles were produced and CUR was loaded to these nanoparticles (CNP). After that, the chemical structures and morphologies of CNP and PNP were analyzed by using FTIR and SEM. As a result, it was proven that these nanoparticles were produced by using PLGA and PEG polymers and CUR was loaded to these nanoparticles successfully.
References
- [1] Ayodele T, Rogaeva E, Kurup JT, Beecham G, Reitz C. Early-onset alzheimer’s disease: what is missing in research? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2021; 21(2): 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-020-01090-y
- [2] Pentkowski NS, Rogge-Obando KK, Donaldson TN, Bouquin SJ, Clark BJ. Anxiety and alzheimer’s disease: Behavioral analysis and neural basis in rodent models of alzheimer’s-related neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021; 127: 647-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.005
- [3] 2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(4):700-789. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12638
- [4] Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: A review. AIMS Neurosci. 2021; 8(1): 86-132. https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2021005
- [5] Kaur A, Nigam K, Bhatnagar I, Sukhpal H, Awasthy S, Shankar S, Tyagi A, Dang S. Treatment of Alzheimer's diseases using donepezil nanoemulsion: an intranasal approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2020;10(6):1862-1875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00754-z
- [6] Al Harthi S, Alavi SE, Radwan MA, El Khatib MM, AlSarra IA. Nasal delivery of donepezil HCl-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46032-y
- [7] Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci. 2001; 21: 8370-8377. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-21-08370.2001
- [8] Tang M, Taghibiglou C. The mechanisms of action of curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimer's Dis. 2017; 58: 1003-1016. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170188
- [9] Voulgaropoulou S, Van Amelsvoort T, Prickaerts J, Vingerhoets C. The effect of curcumin on cognition in Alzheimer’s disease and healthy aging: A systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Brain Res. 2019;1725:146476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146476
- [10] Ege D. Action mechanisms of curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease and its brain targeted delivery. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(12):3332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123332
- [11] Kirtane AR, Verma M, Karandikar P, Furin J, Langer R, Traverso G. Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases. Nat Nanotechnol. 2021; 16: 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00866-8
- [12] Malik S, Muhammad K, Waheed Y. Nanotechnology: A revolution in modern industry. Molecules. 2023;28(2):661. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020661
- [13] Farokhzad OC, Langer R. Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery. ACS Nano. 2009; 3(1): 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900002m
- [14] Zhang L, Webster TJ. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials: promises for improved tissue regeneration. Nano Today. 2009; 4: 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2008.10.014
- [15] Gelperina S, Kisich K, Iseman MD, Heifets L. The potential advantages of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172: 1487-1490. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200504-613PP
- [16] Lou J, Zhang L, Zheng G. Advancing cancer immunotherapies with nanotechnology. Advanced Therapeutics. 2019; 2: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.201800128
- [17] Zhi K, Raji B, Nookala AR, Khan MM, Nguyen XH, Sakshi S, Pourmotabbed T, Yallapu MM, Kochat H, Tadrous E, Pernell S, Kumar S. PLGA nanoparticle-based formulations to cross the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery: From R&D to cGMP. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(4):500. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040500
- [18] Erzengin S, Guler E, Eser E, Polat EB, Gunduz O, Cam ME. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 3D printed sodium alginate/polyethylene glycol scaffolds for sublingual delivery of insulin: Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022; 204: 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.030
- [19] Charmi J, Nosrati H, Amjad JM, Mohammadkhani R, Danafar H. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated graphene oxide nanosheets for controlled release curcumin delivery. Heliyon. 2019; 5(4):e01466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01466
- [20] Wang F, Sun Z, Yin J, Xu L. Preparation, characterization and properties of porous PLA/PEG/Curcumin composite nanofibers for antibacterial application. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019;9(4):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040508
- [21] Balakrishnan K, Casimeer SC, Ghidan AY, Ghethan FY, Venkatachalam K, Singaravelu A. Bioformulated hesperidin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles counteract the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in cancer cells. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. 2021; 31: 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01746-9
- [22] Bhatt P, Fnu G, Bhatia D, Shahid A, Sutariya V. Nanodelivery of resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for age-related macular degeneration. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(8):291. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01836-4
- [23] Aydin S, Kabaoglu I, Guler E, Topal F, Hazar-Yavuz AN, Ekentok C, Tatar E, Gürbüz F, Gündüz O, Çam ME. A comparison study of fiber diameter's effect on characteristic features of donepezil/curcumin-loaded polycaprolactone/polylactic acid nanofibers. Macromol Mater Eng. 307: 2100855. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100855
- [24] Roy S, Rhim J-W. Preparation of antimicrobial and antioxidant gelatin/curcumin composite films for active food packaging application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020;188:110761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110761
- [25] Abreu-Rejón AD, Herrera-Kao W, May-Pat A, Ávila-Ortega A, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Uribe-Calderón JA, Cervantes-Uc JM. Effect of PEG grafting density on surface properties of polyurethane substrata and the viability of osteoblast and fibroblast cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2022;33(6):45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-022-06668-1
- [26] Pereira ED, Cerruti R, Fernandes E, Peña L, Saez V, Pinto JC, Ramon JA, Oliveira GE, De Souza Junior FG. Influence of PLGA and PLGA-PEG on the dissolution profile of oxaliplatin. Polímeros. 2016; 26: 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2323
- [27] Singh G, Kaur T, Kaur R, Kaur A. Recent biomedical applications and patents on biodegradable polymer-PLGA. Int J Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2014; 1: 30-42.
- [28] Ismail E, Sabry D, Mahdy H, Khalil M. Synthesis and characterization of some ternary metal complexes of curcumin with 1, 10-phenanthroline and their anticancer applications. J Sci Res. 2014; 6(3): 509-519. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.18750
- [29] Topal F, Ertas B, Guler E, Gurbuz F, Ozcan GS, Aydemir O, Böcekci VG, Duruksu G, Şahin Cam C, Yazir Y, Gürbüz O, Cam ME. A novel multi-target strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment via sublingual route: Donepezil/memantine/curcumin-loaded nanofibers. Biomater Adv. 2022; 138: 212870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212870
- [30] Dong X. Current strategies for brain drug delivery. Theranostics. 2018; 8: 1481-1493. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.21254
- [31] Doğan M, Gurgah F. Preparation of resveratrol containing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles and investigation of its cytotoxic effect in C6 glioma cells. J Pharm Res. 2022; 26(4): 911-919. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.189
- [32] Cam ME, Ertas B, Alenezi H, Hazar-Yavuz AN, Cesur S, Ozcan GS, Ekentok C, Guler E, Katsakouli C, Demirbas Z, Akakin D, Eroglu MS, Kabasakal L, Gunduz O, Edirisinghe M. Accelerated diabetic wound healing by topical application of combination oral antidiabetic agents-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;119:111586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111586