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Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 1244 - 1252, 28.06.2025

Wan Nur Maisarah Wan Rosli Tharmini Ravi Long Chiau Ming , Hanis Hanum Zulkifly

Abstract

Background: Thromboembolic (TE) complications are associated with the severity of the infection and are no less of a disease that contributes to the fatality of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TE complications, in-hospital mortality, and risk factors among ICU patients (stage 3, 4, 5) infected with COVID-19. Methodology: In this retrospective single-center cross-sectional study, 106 severe patients referred to intensive care units (ICUs) due to COVID-19 between February 2021 and December 2022 were included. All patients received a thromboprophylaxis agent. Results: Mean (SD) age 49.81(13.27), 50.9% were male, 68.9% Malays, mean (SD) (2-12) days of ICU admission with the most coexisting comorbidities being hypertension (44.3%), diabetes mellitus (33%), and obesity (60.3%). Of 106 patients, 51 (41.9%) developed pulmonary embolism (PE) and 27.5% died despite adequate thromboprophylaxis. In total, 51 (41.9%) developed TE event during their ICU admission. Significantly higher proportions of COVID-19 patients who developed complications of PE (77.8% vs 42%; p = 0.006) died. D-dimer, fibrinogen, white cell count (WCC), and troponin were significantly greater among those with TE events. Demographics, co-morbidities, other laboratory parameters and were similar in COVID- 19 patients with and without TE events. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of TE complications and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A high level of D-dimer, fibrinogen, white cell count, and troponin were associated with in-hospital TE events. It is apparent that routine chemical thromboprophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent TE complications in patients with severe COVID-19.

Keywords

COVID-19 thromboembolic complications venous thromboembolism prevalence of pulmonary embolism deep vein thrombosis laboratory findings

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There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Wan Nur Maisarah Wan Rosli 0009-0007-7843-7172

Tharmini Ravi 0009-0002-6005-8813

Long Chiau Ming 0000-0002-6971-1383

Hanis Hanum Zulkifly 0000-0002-8474-7317

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Wan Rosli, W. N. M., Ravi, T., Ming, L. C., Zulkifly, H. H. (2025). Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(4), 1244-1252.
AMA Wan Rosli WNM, Ravi T, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH. Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases. J. Res. Pharm. July 2025;28(4):1244-1252.
Chicago Wan Rosli, Wan Nur Maisarah, Tharmini Ravi, Long Chiau Ming, and Hanis Hanum Zulkifly. “Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 Stage 3-5 ICU Cases”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28, no. 4 (July 2025): 1244-52.
EndNote Wan Rosli WNM, Ravi T, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH (July 1, 2025) Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 4 1244–1252.
IEEE W. N. M. Wan Rosli, T. Ravi, L. C. Ming, and H. H. Zulkifly, “Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1244–1252, 2025.
ISNAD Wan Rosli, Wan Nur Maisarah et al. “Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 Stage 3-5 ICU Cases”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/4 (July 2025), 1244-1252.
JAMA Wan Rosli WNM, Ravi T, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH. Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:1244–1252.
MLA Wan Rosli, Wan Nur Maisarah et al. “Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 Stage 3-5 ICU Cases”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1244-52.
Vancouver Wan Rosli WNM, Ravi T, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH. Assessing Thromboembolic Complications and In- Hospital Mortality and Clinical Factors Affecting Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19 stage 3-5 ICU cases. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(4):1244-52.