Research Article
Year 2020,
Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 361 - 367, 27.06.2025
Abstract
References
- [1] How to Investigate Drug Use in Health Facilities: Selected Drug Use Indicators - EDM Research Series No. 007 [Internet]. Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal A World Health Organization resource. 1993 [cited 24 February 2020]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2289e/ .
- [2] Parveen Z, Gupta S, Kumar D, Hussain S. Drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing, patient care and health facility indicators in a primary and secondary health care facility. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6 (Online First). [CrossRef]
- [3] Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar M, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, Baig U, Scahill S. WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Springer Plus. 2016; 5(1): 1-7. [CrossRef]
- [4] Shelat PR, Kumbar SK. Analysis of Out Door Patients' Prescriptions According to World Health Organization (WHO) Prescribing Indicators Among Private Hospitals in Western India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(3): FC01–FC4. [CrossRef]
- [5] Demeke B, Molla F, Assen A, Melkam W, Abrha S, Masresha B, Asefa T. Evaluation of drugs utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in Ayder referral hospital, Northern Ethiopia. IJPSR. 2015; 6(2): 343-347.
- [6] Siva Prasad P, Thippe Rudra J, Vasanthi P, Sushitha U, Jaffar Sadiq M, Narayana G. Assessment of drug use pattern using World Health Organization core drug use indicators at Secondary Care Referral Hospital of South India. CHRISMED J Health Res. 2015; 2(3): 223-228. [CrossRef]
- [7] Medical Council of India: Circular on Generic Medicine, 2017. Available from: https://old.mciindia.org/circulars/Public-Notice-Generic-Drugs-21.04.2017.pdf [accessed on December 23, 2019].
- [8] Rana P, Roy V. Generic medicines: issues and relevance for global health. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 29(6): 529- 542. [CrossRef]
- [9] Risk R, Naismith H, Burnett A, Moore SE, Cham M, Unger S. Rational prescribing in paediatrics in a resource-limited setting. Arch Dis Child. 2013; 98(7): 503–509. [CrossRef]
- [10] Olayemi SO, Akinyede AA, Oreagba AI. Prescription pattern at primary health care centres in Lagos State. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2006; 13(3): 220–224.
- [11] Trap B, Hansen EH, Hogerzeil HV. Prescription habits of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors in Zimbabwe. Health Policy Plan. 2002; 17(3): 288–295. [CrossRef]
- [12] Tamuno I. Traditional medicine for HIV infected patients in antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(2): 152–155. [CrossRef]
- [13] The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines - WHO Technical Report Series, No. 914: Annex 1 The 12th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines [Internet]. Apps.who.int. 2019 [accessed 23 December 2019]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/12.html
- [14] El Mahalli AA, Akl OA, Al-Dawood SF, Al-Nehab AA, Al-Kubaish HA, Al-Saeed S, Elkahky AA, Salem AM. WHO/INRUD patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. E Medıterr Health J. 2012; 18(11): 1086-1090. [CrossRef]
- [15] Koley M, Saha S, Arya JS, Choubey G, Ghosh S, Purkait R, Mondal R, Kundu B, Mukherjee R. A study on drug utilization and prescription habits of physicians in a government homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. J Integr Med. 2013; 11(5): 305-313. [CrossRef]
- [16] Fereja TH, Lenjesa JL. Analysis of rational use of drugs as of facility indicators and patient care indicators practices at four selected hospitals of west Ethiopia: Policy Implication. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 9(3): 48-52. [CrossRef]
- [17] Akl OA, El Mahalli AA, Elkahky AA, Salem AM. WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2014; 9(1): 54–64. [CrossRef]
- [18] Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines No. 5). September 2002 [Internet]. Apps.who.int.2020 [cited 22 February 2020]. Available from https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh3011e/
Assessment of rational use of drugs using World Health Organization prescribing and patient care indicators in a tertiary care hospital
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the rational use of drug use using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing and patient care indicators in a tertiary care hospital. 180 prescriptions were analyzed. 636 drugs were prescribed in total. The mean age group of patients was 37.14±19.54 years. 93.3 % of prescriptions contain less than or equal to five drugs. Anti-ulcer drugs, vitamin supplements, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most commonly prescribed. The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.53, 29.77% drugs were prescribed by generic names, 2.77% prescriptions contain injection formulations, 31.66% prescriptions contain antibiotics, and 96.85% drugs are from essential drugs list. The average consultation time and dispensing time were 4.57 mins and 175.8 secs respectively. The percentage of drugs dispensed was 83.82%, the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 0%, and the percentage of patients knowing the correct dose was 67.77%. Except for the percentage of injections prescribed, remaining prescribing indicators should be improved to reach optimal value suggested by WHO. Except for dispensing time, remaining patient care indicators should be improved to reach optimal value suggested by WHO. A clinical pharmacist can help improve rational drug use by improving scores of the indicators where ever possible.
References
- [1] How to Investigate Drug Use in Health Facilities: Selected Drug Use Indicators - EDM Research Series No. 007 [Internet]. Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal A World Health Organization resource. 1993 [cited 24 February 2020]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2289e/ .
- [2] Parveen Z, Gupta S, Kumar D, Hussain S. Drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing, patient care and health facility indicators in a primary and secondary health care facility. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6 (Online First). [CrossRef]
- [3] Atif M, Azeem M, Sarwar M, Shahid S, Javaid S, Ikram H, Baig U, Scahill S. WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators and prescribing trends of antibiotics in the Accident and Emergency Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan. Springer Plus. 2016; 5(1): 1-7. [CrossRef]
- [4] Shelat PR, Kumbar SK. Analysis of Out Door Patients' Prescriptions According to World Health Organization (WHO) Prescribing Indicators Among Private Hospitals in Western India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(3): FC01–FC4. [CrossRef]
- [5] Demeke B, Molla F, Assen A, Melkam W, Abrha S, Masresha B, Asefa T. Evaluation of drugs utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in Ayder referral hospital, Northern Ethiopia. IJPSR. 2015; 6(2): 343-347.
- [6] Siva Prasad P, Thippe Rudra J, Vasanthi P, Sushitha U, Jaffar Sadiq M, Narayana G. Assessment of drug use pattern using World Health Organization core drug use indicators at Secondary Care Referral Hospital of South India. CHRISMED J Health Res. 2015; 2(3): 223-228. [CrossRef]
- [7] Medical Council of India: Circular on Generic Medicine, 2017. Available from: https://old.mciindia.org/circulars/Public-Notice-Generic-Drugs-21.04.2017.pdf [accessed on December 23, 2019].
- [8] Rana P, Roy V. Generic medicines: issues and relevance for global health. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 29(6): 529- 542. [CrossRef]
- [9] Risk R, Naismith H, Burnett A, Moore SE, Cham M, Unger S. Rational prescribing in paediatrics in a resource-limited setting. Arch Dis Child. 2013; 98(7): 503–509. [CrossRef]
- [10] Olayemi SO, Akinyede AA, Oreagba AI. Prescription pattern at primary health care centres in Lagos State. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2006; 13(3): 220–224.
- [11] Trap B, Hansen EH, Hogerzeil HV. Prescription habits of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors in Zimbabwe. Health Policy Plan. 2002; 17(3): 288–295. [CrossRef]
- [12] Tamuno I. Traditional medicine for HIV infected patients in antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(2): 152–155. [CrossRef]
- [13] The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines - WHO Technical Report Series, No. 914: Annex 1 The 12th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines [Internet]. Apps.who.int. 2019 [accessed 23 December 2019]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/12.html
- [14] El Mahalli AA, Akl OA, Al-Dawood SF, Al-Nehab AA, Al-Kubaish HA, Al-Saeed S, Elkahky AA, Salem AM. WHO/INRUD patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators at primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. E Medıterr Health J. 2012; 18(11): 1086-1090. [CrossRef]
- [15] Koley M, Saha S, Arya JS, Choubey G, Ghosh S, Purkait R, Mondal R, Kundu B, Mukherjee R. A study on drug utilization and prescription habits of physicians in a government homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. J Integr Med. 2013; 11(5): 305-313. [CrossRef]
- [16] Fereja TH, Lenjesa JL. Analysis of rational use of drugs as of facility indicators and patient care indicators practices at four selected hospitals of west Ethiopia: Policy Implication. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 9(3): 48-52. [CrossRef]
- [17] Akl OA, El Mahalli AA, Elkahky AA, Salem AM. WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2014; 9(1): 54–64. [CrossRef]
- [18] Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines No. 5). September 2002 [Internet]. Apps.who.int.2020 [cited 22 February 2020]. Available from https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh3011e/
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 27, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 24 Issue: 3 |