Research Article
Comparison of Commercial Calendula officinalis L. Samples with Pharmacopeial Drug: Antiradical Activities and Chemical Profiles
Abstract
Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used as a potent anti-inflammatory medicinal plant. The commercial petal samples of marigold are mostly used as herbal tea for its sedative and oral health effects due to its anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. Its significant pharmacological activities are linked to the presence of distinct classes of compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, carotenoids, volatile oil, terpenoids and flavonoids. Taking into consideration that the amount and type of constituents could be variable in the commercial samples provided from Cyprus and Turkey compared to the standard due to various factors such as ecosystem and climate, time of harvesting, drying procedure and soil type, in this article the quality and safety of market samples was determined while ethanol and hexane extracts of standard and commercial C. officinalis samples were investigated for their anti-radical activity using ABTS and DPPH method. They both demonstrated dose-dependent manner anti-radical activity, further investigation by TPC (Total Phenolics Content) and HPLC provided evidence that both commercial and standard samples present similar fingerprint in terms of composition, and the total phenol equivalent to Gallic acid is not significantly different (P<0.05); therefore, both samples can be considered to be good and safe antiradical candidates used alternatively with the pharmacopeial drug.
References
- [1] Barnes J. Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy. Vol 4. 15th ed.; 2010. [CrossRef]
- [2] Ruffa MJ, Ferraro G, Wagner ML, Calcagno ML, Campos RH, Cavallaro L. Cytotoxic effect of Argentine medicinal plant extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(3):335-339. [CrossRef]
- [3] Sharrif Moghaddasi Mohammad. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) medicinal usage and cultivation. Sci Res Essays. 2012;7(14):1468-1472. [CrossRef]
- [4] Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: A review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310. [CrossRef]
- [5] Muley BP, Khadabadi SS, Banarase NB. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A review. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009;8(5):455-465. [CrossRef]
- [6] Karin Kraft, M.D, Christopher Hobbs, L.Ac. AHG. Pocket Guide to Herbal Medicine. 1st editio. (Jonathan Treasure, ed.). Druckhaus Götz, Ludwigsburg; 2011.
- [7] Pizza C, De Tommasi N. Sesquiterpene glycosides based on the alloaromaden- drane skeleton from Calendula arvensis. Phytochemistry. 1988;27(7):2205-2208. [CrossRef]
- [8] Directorate E. EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA. 8th ed.; 2013. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5790.815-b [CrossRef]
- [9] Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers. J Nat Prod. Published online 2006. [CrossRef]
- [10] Iauk L, Lo Bue AM, Milazzo I, Rapisarda A, Blandino G. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteria. Phyther Res. Published online 2003. [CrossRef]
- [11] Kalvatchev Z, Walder R, Garzaro D. Anti-HIV activity of extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers. Biomed Pharmacother. 1997;51(4):176-180. [CrossRef]
- [12] Varljen J, Lipták A, Wagner H. Structural analysis of a rhamnoarabinogalactan and arabinogalactans with immuno-stimulating activity from Calendula officinalis. Phytochemistry. Published online 1989. [CrossRef]
- [13] Gazim ZC, Rezende CM, Fraga SR, Svidzinski TIE, Cortez DAG. Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) growing in Brazil. Brazilian J Microbiol. Published online 2008. [CrossRef]
- [14] Zitterl-Eglseer K, Sosa S, Jurenitsch J, et al. Anti-oedematous activities of the main triterpendiol esters of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(2):139-144. [CrossRef]
- [15] Nikmehr B, Ghaznavi H, Rahbar A, Sadr S, Mehrzadi S. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves. Chin J Nat Med. 2014;12(6):423-427. [CrossRef]
- [16] Cruceriu D, Balacescu O, Rakosy E. Calendula officinalis: Potential Roles in Cancer Treatment and Palliative Care. Integr Cancer Ther. 2018;17(4):1068-1078. [CrossRef]
- [17] Samra Bashir1 2, , Khalid H Janbaz2 QJ and AHG. Studies on Spasmogenic and Spasmolytic Activities of Calendula officinalis Flowers Samra. Phyther Res. 2007;1208(May):1200-1208. [CrossRef]
- [18] Tung YT, Wu MF, Lee MC, Wu JH, Huang CC, Huang WC. Antifatigue activity and exercise performance of phenolic-rich extracts from calendula officinalis, ribes nigrum, and vaccinium myrtillus. Nutrients. 2019;11(8). [CrossRef]
- [19] Khalid KA, Teixeira da Silva JA. Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis L. flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam). 2010;126(2):297-305. [CrossRef]
- [20] Saini P, Al-Shibani N, Sun J, et al. Effects of Calendula officinalis on human gingival fibroblasts. Homeopathy. 2012;101(2):92-98. [CrossRef]
- [21] Nirmalkar Vaishali and RANDHIR Nayan. Isolation and Characterization of dandruff causing fungi & effect of some plant extracts on it. Life Sci. 2018;41(A9):79-83.
- [22] Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. Published online 2017. [CrossRef]
- [23] Danila AO, Gatea F, Radu GL. Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of selected medicinal herbs. Chem Nat Compd. 2011;47(1):22-26. [CrossRef]
- [24] Frum A. HPLC Determination of Polyphenols from Calendula officinalis L. Flowers. Acta Univ Cibiniensis Ser E Food Technol. 2018;21(2):97-101. [CrossRef]
- [25] Loescher CM, Morton DW, Razic S, Agatonovic-Kustrin S. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Calendula officinalis-Advantages and limitations. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014;98:52-59. [CrossRef]
- [26] Piccaglia R, Marotti M, Chiavari G, Gandini N. Effects of harvesting date and climate on the flavonoid and carotenoid contents of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Flavour Fragr J. 1997;12(2):85-90. [CrossRef]
- [27] Bakó E, Deli J, Tóth G. HPLC study on the carotenoid composition of Calendula products. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2002;53(1-3):241-250. [CrossRef]
- [28] Kishimoto S, Maoka T, Sumitomo K, Ohmiya A. Analysis of carotenoid composition in petals of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005;69(11):2122-2128. [CrossRef]
- [29] Preethi KC, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Antioxidant potential of an extract of Calendula officinalis flowers in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Biol. 2006;44(9):691-697. [CrossRef]
- [30] García-Risco MR, Mouhid L, Salas-Pérez L, et al. Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts. Published online 2017. [CrossRef]
- [31] Olennikov DN, Kashchenko NI. Componential profile and amylase inhibiting activity of phenolic compounds from Calendula officinalis L. leaves. Sci World J. 2014;2014. [CrossRef]
- [32] Ćetković GS, Djilas SM, Čanadanović-Brunet JM, Tumbas VT. Antioxidant properties of marigold extracts. Food Res Int. 2004;37(7):643-650. [CrossRef]
There are 32 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 28, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 4 |