Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 5, 1391 - 1399, 28.06.2025

Shabrina Nubla Robiatul Adawiyah Muhamad Sahlan Mulyati Tugiran Ni Made Candra Widyantari

Abstract

Fungal infections become a serious problem, especially in developing countries. Antifungal drug classes that have developed shows some limitation due to poor selectivity, toxicity, and high resistance. Propolis is a natural resinous substance from flower buds, trees, and resinous exudates collected by bees. Propolis has several therapeutic properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral. This study explores antifungal activity of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EEP) Lombok against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antifungal activity test were carried out with 2 different methods, agar diffusion and microdilution to see EEP Lombok’s ability to inhibit fungal growth. In addition, this study analyzes phytochemical contents of Propolis Lombok by characterizing its substance and calculating the total phenolic content. The result shows the total polyphenol content of Lombok’s EEP is around 222-278 mgGAE/g meanwhile total polyphenol content is 512-1100 mg QE/g. Based on the antifungal tests, propolis samples showed antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans species. Propolis Lombok agar diffusion test showed an inhibition growth against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. While for microdilution test, propolis extract only affects C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans growth.

Keywords

Propolis Antifungal Phytochemical Analysis Candida sp Cryptococcus sp

References

  • [1] Pahlavani N, Malekahmadi M, Firouzi S, Rostami D, Sedaghat A, Moghaddam AB, Ferns G, Navashenaq JG, Reazvani R, Safarian M, Ghayour- Mobarhan M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of Propolis in inflammation, oxidative stress and glycemic control in chronic diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2020; 17(1):65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-020-00485-5
  • [2] Miyata R, Sahlan M, Ishikawa Y, Hashimoto H, Honda S, Kumazawa S. Propolis components from stingless bees collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. J Nat Prod. 2019; 22;82(2):205–210. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00541
  • [3] Riendriasari S, Buchori D, Hidayat P. Jenis Kelulut (stingless bee) yang Dibudidayakan dan Sumber Pakan pada Tipe Penggunaan Lahan yang Berbeda di Pulau Lombok. IPB Repository. 2019. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/100217
  • [4] Riendriasari S, Krisnawati. Produksi Propolis Mentah Lebah Madu Trigona spp. Di Pulau Lombok. J Hut Trop. 2017; 1(1): 71–75. http://doi.org/10.32522/ujht.v1i1.797
  • [5] Mizuno S, Miyata R, Mukaide K, Honda S, Sukito A, Sahlan M, Taniguchi, Kumazawa S. New compound from the plant origin of propolis from Lombok, Indonesia and its antibacterial activity. Res Chem.2022; 4, 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100276
  • [6] Desvita H, Faisal M, Mahidin, Suhendrayatna. Antimicrobial potential of wood vinegar from cocoa pod shells (Theobroma cacao L.) against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Mater Today Proc. 2022; 63(1): S210-S213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.410
  • [7] Spadari C de C, de Bastiani FWM da S, Lopes LB, Ishida K. Alginate nanoparticles as non-toxic delivery system for miltefosine in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019; 14:5187–5199. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FIJN.S205350
  • [8] Rodrigues CF, Silva S, Henriques M. Candida glabrata: A review of its features and resistance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 33: 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-2009-3
  • [9] Pfaller M.A, Diekema DJ, Gibbs DL, Newell VA, Ellis D, Tullio V, Rodloff A, Fu W, Ling TA. Results from the artemis disk global antifungal surveillance study, 1997 to 2007: A 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida species to fluconazole and voriconazole as determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48(4): 1366–1377. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02117-09
  • [10] Berkow, E. and Lockhart, S. Fluconazole resistance in candida species: A current perspective. Infect Drug Resist. 2017; 10: 237–245. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FIDR.S118892
  • [11] Ellis, D. Amphotericin B: Spectrum and resistance. J Antimicrob Chem. 2002; 49(suppl_1): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/49.suppl_1.7
  • [12] Zaragoza, O, Mihu C, Casadevall A, Nosanchuk JD. Effect of amphotericin B on capsule and cell size in Cryptococcus neoformans during murine infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2005; 49(10): 4358–4361. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.10.4358-4361.2005.
  • [13] Liu X, Ma Z, Zhang J, Yang L. Antifungal compounds against Candida ınfections from traditional Chinese Medicine. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2017%2F4614183
  • [14] Faria NCG, Kim JH, Gonçalves LAP, Martins M de L, Chan KL, Campbell BC. Enhanced activity of antifungal drugs using natural phenolics against yeast strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011;52(5):506–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03032.x.
  • [15] Suastari Rahayu R, Eka Suprihatin I, Susanah RW. Identıfıkası Pewarna Merah K3 (CI 15585) Dalam Produk Kosmetık Sedıaan Perona Mata Secara LC-MS/MS. Cakra Kimia (Indones E-J Appl Chem). 2017; 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.24843/CK.2017.v05.i01.p05
  • [16] Farida, S., Sahlan, M., Rohmatin E, Adawiyah R. The beneficial effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020; 27(1): 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.010
  • [17] Wibowo A, Widjiastuti I, Saraswati W. Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) Ekstrak Propolis Lawang terhadap Candida albicans. J Conserv Dent. 2017; 7(1): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v7i1.2017.37-42
  • [18] Rosas EC, Correa LB, das Graças Henriques M. Antiinflammatory properties of schinus terebinthifolius and its use in arthritic conditions. In: Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases 2019; 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813820-5.00028-3
  • [19] Böke Sarıkahya N, Gören AC, Sümer Okkalı G, Çöven FO, Orman B, Kırcı D, Yücel B, Kışla D, Demirci B, Altun M, Önem AN, Nalbantsoy A. Chemical composition and biological activities of propolis samples from different geographical regions of Turkey. Phytochem Lett. 2021; 44: 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2021.06.008
  • [20] Lutpiatina L. Efektivitas Ektrak Propolis Lebah Kelulut (Trigona Spp) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus Aureus dan Candida Albicans. Jurnal Skala Kesehatan. 2016; 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31964/jsk.v6i1.32
  • [21] Whaley SG, Berkow EL, Rybak JM, Nishimoto AT, Barker KS, Rogers PD. Azole antifungal resistance in Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida species. Front Microbiol. 2017; 7:2173. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02173  
  • [22] Pratami DK, Mun’im A, Sundowo A, Sahlan M. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula bee. Pharmacog J. 2017;10(1):128–135. http://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.1.23
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Pharmacology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Shabrina Nubla 0009-0003-8554-4444

Robiatul Adawiyah 0000-0002-4987-4839

Muhamad Sahlan 0000-0001-6360-3691

Mulyati Tugiran 0009-0008-7112-4816

Ni Made Candra Widyantari 0009-0009-8021-4474

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Nubla, S., Adawiyah, R., Sahlan, M., Tugiran, M., et al. (2025). Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(5), 1391-1399.
AMA Nubla S, Adawiyah R, Sahlan M, Tugiran M, Widyantari NMC. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp. J. Res. Pharm. July 2025;28(5):1391-1399.
Chicago Nubla, Shabrina, Robiatul Adawiyah, Muhamad Sahlan, Mulyati Tugiran, and Ni Made Candra Widyantari. “Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity Propolis Lombok Against Candida Sp and Cryptococcus Sp”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28, no. 5 (July 2025): 1391-99.
EndNote Nubla S, Adawiyah R, Sahlan M, Tugiran M, Widyantari NMC (July 1, 2025) Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 5 1391–1399.
IEEE S. Nubla, R. Adawiyah, M. Sahlan, M. Tugiran, and N. M. C. Widyantari, “Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1391–1399, 2025.
ISNAD Nubla, Shabrina et al. “Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity Propolis Lombok Against Candida Sp and Cryptococcus Sp”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/5 (July 2025), 1391-1399.
JAMA Nubla S, Adawiyah R, Sahlan M, Tugiran M, Widyantari NMC. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:1391–1399.
MLA Nubla, Shabrina et al. “Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity Propolis Lombok Against Candida Sp and Cryptococcus Sp”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 5, 2025, pp. 1391-9.
Vancouver Nubla S, Adawiyah R, Sahlan M, Tugiran M, Widyantari NMC. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity propolis Lombok against Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(5):1391-9.