Abstract
Premedication, also known as the preparation phase, is the administration of drugs to patients before chemotherapy to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients. Metoclopramide, ranitidine and pheniramine are some of these drugs. Metoclopramide is a routine antiemetic for nausea and vomiting caused by antineoplastic drugs, especially cisplatin, due to its effect on the medulla chemoreceptor trigger zone. Ranitidine, which belongs to the histamine receptor 2 (H2) antagonist family, is a widely used drug clinically to control gastrointestinal symptoms. Pheniramine is an antagonist against allergic symptoms caused by inappropriate histamine release to reduce edema, pruritus and redness. Sometimes patients are given premedication drugs before radiological examination. In this study, photon interaction parameters of some premedication drugs (metoclopramide, ranitidine hydrochloride, and pheniramine) were investigated, namely mass attenuation coefficient (µρ), effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Nel), exposure and absorption accumulation factors (EBF and EABF). Maximum µρ values for all drugs were found at low gamma energies. It was found that ranitidine hydrochloride has the highest Zeff values in almost the entire energy range due to the presence of S and Cl. In addition, ranitidine hydrochloride showed the lowest EBF and EABF values, indicating that the material does not emit much radiation to the environment.
Keywords
: Buildup factors effective atomic number mass attenuation coefficients premedication drugs
References
- [1] R. Albibi, R. W. McCallum, “Metoclopramide: pharmacology and clinical application,”. Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 98, no.1, pp. 86-95, 1983.
- [2] Y. Chen, M. Zhang, X. Ji, J. Zhao, S. Qin, Y. Ji, R. Fan, Y. Liu, P. Lu, “The anti-cancer effect of metoclopramide on triple-negative breast cancer cells,” Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 76, no.4, pp. 172-174, 2021. doi: 10.1691/ph.2021.0977
- [3] E. M. McGovern, J. Grevel, S. M. Bryson, “Pharmacokinetics of high-dose metoclopramide in cancer patients,” Clinical pharmacokinetics, vol. 11, pp. 415-424, 1986.
- [4] S. Mishra, H. Soni, “Preformulation Studies of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride: Fundamental Part of Formulation Design,” EASJ Pharm & Pharmacol, vol. 1, no.6, pp. 164-169, 2019.
- [5] R. D. Bezerra, M. M. Silva, A. I. Morais, J. A. Osajima, M. R. Santos, C. Airoldi, E. C. Silva Filho, “Phosphated cellulose as an efficient biomaterial for aqueous drug ranitidine removal,” Materials, vol. 7, no.12, pp. 7907-7924, 2014. doi:10.3390/ma7127907
- [6] H.J. Kang, “Do Ranitidine and Nizatidine Increase the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer?” (Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School, Yonsei University), 2022.
- [7] A. Vila-Leahey, S. A. Oldford, P. A. Marignani, J. Wang, I. D. Haidl, J. S. Marshall, “Ranitidine modifies myeloid cell populations and inhibits breast tumor development and spread in mice,” Oncoimmunology,vol. 5, no.7, pp. 1-13, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1151591
- [8] S. E. Dereci, “Investigation of coagulation removal properties of ranitidine and naproxen,” (Master's thesis, Institute of Science). 2010.
- [9] N. A. Buckley, I. M. Whyte, A. H. Dawson, D. A. Cruickshank, “Pheniramine—a much abused drug,” Medical journal of Australia, vol. 160, no.4, pp. 188-192, 1994.
- [10] O. Saatcioglu, C. Evren, “A case of pheniramine dependence. Substance Abuse,” vol. 26, no.1, pp. 45-47, 2006. doi:10.1300/J465v26n01_06
- [11] F. Hacıoğlu, “Side-by-Side Chromatographic Analysis of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Pheniramine Maleate, Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol and Related Compounds,” Istanbul University Health Sciences Institute (Doctoral Thesis), 2022.
- [12] H. S. Makhdoom, A. I. Abid, M. Mujahid, S. Afzal, K. Sultana, N. Hussain, K. Barkat, “Assessment of pheniramine in alternative biological matrices by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,” Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, vol.20, pp. 1291-1302, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00795-7
- [13] T. Tuğrul, “Investigation of mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, and effective electron density for some molecules: study on chemotherapy drugs,” Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 131, pp. 758-764, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2020.1838040
- [14] A. S. Michalowski, “On radiation damage to normal tissues and its treatment: II. Anti-inflammatory drugs,” Acta Oncologica, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 139-157, 1994. https://doi.org/10.3109/02841869409098397
- [15] G. B. Hiremath, N. H. Ayachit, N. M. Badiger, “Investigation of shielding properties of gamma and neutrons in some natural radioprotective drugs,” Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, vol.179, no. 3-4, pp. 344-357, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2023.2278138.
- [16] U. Akbaba, E. Şakar, M. I. Sayyed, B. Alim, Ö. F. Özpolat, “Evaluation of photon interaction parameters of Anti-HIV drugs,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol.201, no. 110441, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110441
- [17] B. T. Hill, “Antitumor drug radiation interactions,” CRC Press, 2018.
- [18] H. B. Stone, C. N. Coleman, M. S Anscher, W. H. McBride, “Effects of radiation on normal tissue: consequences and mechanisms,” The lancet oncology, vol.4, no. 9, pp. 529-536, 2003.
- [19] M. I. Sayyed, S. A. Issa, S. H. Auda, “Assessment of radio-protective properties of some anti-inflammatory drugs,” Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 100, pp. 297-308, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.07.003
- [20] L. Gerward, N. Guilbert, K. B. Jensen, H. Levring, “X-ray absorption in matter. Reengineering XCOM,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol.60, no.1-2, pp. 23-24, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00324-8
- [21] L. Gerward, N. Guilbert, K. B. Jensen, H. Levring, “WinXCom—a program for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients,” Radiation physics and chemistry, vol. 71, no.3-4, pp. 653-654, 2004. doi.10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.040
- [22] S. Gowda, S. Krishnaveni, R. Gowda, “Studies on effective atomic numbers and electron densities in amino acids and sugars in the energy range 30-1333 keV,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, vol. 239, no.4, pp. 361–369, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.05.048
- [23] F. C. Hila, A. V. Amorsolo Jr, A. M. V. Javier-Hila, N. R. D. Guillermo, “A simple spreadsheet program for calculating mass attenuation coefficients and shielding parameters based on EPICS2017 and EPDL97 photoatomic libraries,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 177, no. 109122, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109122
- [24] F. C. Hila, A. Asuncion-Astronomo, C. A. M. Dingle, J. F. M. Jecong, A. M. V. Javier-Hila, M. B. Z. Gili, A. V. Amorsolo Jr, “EpiXS: A Windows-based program for photon attenuation, dosimetry and shielding based on EPICS2017 (ENDF/B-VIII) and EPDL97 (ENDF/B-VI. 8)” Radiation Physics and Chemistry,vol. 182, no.109331,2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109331
- [25] H. E. Yıldız, “Ionizing electromagnetic radiation interaction properties of some antihypertensive drugs. Journal of Medicine and Applied Sciences,” vol. 2, no.2, pp. 29-36, 2022.
- [26] T. Çakır, “Determining the photon interaction parameters of iodine compounds as contrast agents for use in radiology,” Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no.1, pp.252-259, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2020.1731065
- [27] G. B. Hiremath, G. V. Muddapur, H. T. Srinivasa, N. H. Ayachit, N. M. Badiger. “Investigation of gamma and neutron interaction parameters of synthesized diketone derivatives as potential anti-cancer,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 333, no.11, pp. 5425-5434,2024.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Radiophysics |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 7, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 20, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 061 |
