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Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 139 - 157, 01.07.2025

Murat Oturakçı , Rabia Sultan Yıldırım , Büşra Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1545075

Abstract

References

  • Adeel-Farooq, R. M., Raji, J. O., & Qamri, G. M. (2023). Does financial development influence the overall natural environment? An environmental performance index (EPI) based insight from the ASEAN countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(6), 5123-5139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02258-x
  • Alhassan, A., Usman, O., Ike, G. N., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2020). Impact assessment of trade on environmental performance: accounting for the role of government integrity and economic development in 79 countries. Heliyon, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05046
  • Almarafi, B., Khudari, M., & Abdullah, A. (2023). A Critical Review of the Relationship Between Environmental Performance Index, Financial Development and Economic Growth. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(7), e02675. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i7.2675
  • American Lung Association. (2023, April 18). Sulfur Dioxide. Retrieved from https://www.lung.org/cleanair/ outdoors/what-makes-air-unhealthy/sulfur-dioxide
  • Bădîrcea, R. M., Doran, N. M., Manta, A. G., Puiu, S., Meghisan-Toma, G. M., & Doran, M. D. (2023). Linking financial development to environmental performance index—the case of Romania. Economic Research- Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2142635. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2142635
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, October 18). Disease Impact of Unsafe Water. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/disease-impact-of-unsafe-water.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, September 2). Health Effects of Lead Exposure. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/health-effects.htm
  • Chandrasekharan, I., Kumar, R. S., Raghunathan, S., & Chandrasekaran, S. (2013). Construction of environmental performance index and ranking of states. Current Science, 435-439. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24089743
  • Chen, C., Liu, G. G., Sun, Y., Gu, D., Zhang, H., Yang, H., . . . Yao, Y. (2020). Association between household fuel use and sleep quality in the oldest-old: Evidence from a propensity-score matched case-control study in Hainan, China. Environmental Research, 191, 110229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110229
  • Cojocaru Bărbieru, A. C., Mihaila, S., & Grosu, V. (2023, May). The Relationship Between the Environmental Performance Index and the GDP Growth Rate in Emerging Countries in Europe. In Conference on Sustainability and Cutting-Edge Business Technologies (pp. 348-356). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
  • Cracolici, M. F., Cuffaro, M., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). The Measurement of economic, social and Environmental Performance of Countries: A Novel approach. Social Indicators Research, 95(2), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9464-3
  • Debbi, S., Elisa, P., Nigel, B., Dan, P., & Eva, R. (2014). Factors influencing household uptake of improved solid fuel stoves in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(8), 8228–8250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110808228
  • Devadmin. (2021). PM2.5 Explained. Indoor Air Hygiene Institute. Retrieved from https://www.indoorairhygiene.org/pm2-5-explained/ Duit, A. (2005). Understanding environmental performance of states: An institution-centered approach and some difficulties. Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Fish Stock Status. https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/fss
  • Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Terrestrial biome protection (national weights). Retrieved from https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/tbn
  • Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Terrestrial biome protection (global weights). Retrieved from https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/tbg
  • Esty, D. C., & Porter, M. E. (2005). National environmental performance: an empirical analysis of policy results and determinants. Environment and Development Economics, 10(4), 391–434. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002275
  • European Environment Agency. (2018, October 29). Marine protected areas. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-protected-areas/marine-protected-areas
  • Fakher, H. A., & Abedi, Z. (2017). Relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in developing countries (based on environmental performance index). Environmental energy and economic research, 1(3), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.22097/eeer.2017.86464.1001
  • Forseth, I. (2010). Terrestrial Biomes. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10), 11. Geneva Environment Network. (n.d.). Sustainable Nitrogen Management and the Role of Geneva. Retrieved from https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-nitrogen-management-and-the-roleof- geneva/
  • Grafton, R. Q., & Knowles, S. (2004). Social Capital and National Environmental Performance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. The Journal of Environment & Development, 13(4), 336–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496504271417
  • Hsu, A., Lloyd, A., & Emerson, J. W. (2013). What progress have we made since Rio? Results from the 2012 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Pilot Trend EPI. Environmental Science & Policy, 33, 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.05.011
  • IEA. (2023, July 27). Global coal demand set to remain at record levels in 2023. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/news/global-coal-demand-set-to-remain-at-record-levels-in-2023
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2010). Household Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature Frying. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK385523/
  • Janishevski, L., Noonan-Mooney, K., Gidda, S. B., & Mulongoy, K. J. (2008). Protected areas in today's world: their values and benefits for the welfare of the planet. CBD Technical Series, (36).
  • Kordas, K., Ravenscroft, J., Cao, Y., & McLean, E. V. (2018). Lead Exposure in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Perspectives and Lessons on Patterns, Injustices, Economics, and Politics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112351
  • Lamb, W. F., Wiedmann, T., Pongratz, J., Andrew, R. M., Crippa, M., Olivier, J. G. J., . . . Minx, J. C. (2021). A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018. Environmental Research Letters, 16(7), 073005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e
  • Lymer, D., Funge-Smith, S., Clausen, J., & Miao, W. (2008). Status and potential of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2008.
  • Matthew R. Fisher. (n.d.). Terrestrial Biomes. Lumen. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sunymonroe- environmentalbiology/chapter/3-3-terrestrial-biomes/
  • Morse, S. (2018). Relating environmental performance of nation states to income and income inequality. Sustainable Development, 26(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1693
  • Nathanson, J. A. & Ambulkar, . Archis (2023, August 12). wastewater treatment. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment National Geographic. (n.d.) Water Inequality. Retrieved from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/water-inequality/
  • National Marine Protected Areas Center (n.d.). About Marine Protected Areas. Retrieved from https://marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov/aboutmpas/ OECD. (n.d). The OECD Programme on Pesticides and Sustainable Pest Management | Vision for the future. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/pesticides-biocides/OECD-Pest-Vision-Final.pdf
  • Pujiati, A., Feronica, S. M. F., & Ridzuan, A. R. (2023). Measurement of The Role of Innovation in Increasing Environmental Performance Index: Empirical Study in Developed and Non-Developed Countries. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 7(1), 18-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35474/ibarj.v7i1.144
  • Raza, A., Sui, H., Jermsittiparsert, K., Żukiewicz-Sobczak, W., & Sobczak, P. (2021). Trade liberalization and environmental performance index: Mediation role of climate change performance and greenfield investment. Sustainability, 13(17), 9734. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179734
  • Ritchie, H. & Max Roser (2020, May 11). CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions
  • Ritchie, H. & Max Roser (2021, July 1). Clean Water and Sanitation. Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/sanitation Rogge, N. (2012). Undesirable specialization in the construction of composite policy indicators: The Environmental Performance Index. Ecological Indicators, 23, 143–154.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.020 Rößger, N., Sachs, T., Wille, C., Boike, J., & Kutzbach, L. (2022). Seasonal increase of methane emissions linked to warming in Siberian tundra. Nature Climate Change, 12(11), 1031–1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022- 01512-4
  • Samimi, A. J., & Ahmadpour, M. (2011). Comparison of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in OIC countries: before and after financial crisis. Advances in Environmental Biology, 201-209. https://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb/2011/201-208.pdf
  • Samimi, A. J., Erami N. E., & Yusef, M. (2010). Environmental performance index and economic growth: evidence from some developing countries. Australian journal of basic and applied sciences, 4(8), 3098-3102. https://www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2010/3098-3102.pdf
  • Samimi, A. J., Kashefi, A., Salatin, P., & Lashkarizadeh, M. (2011). Environmental performance and HDI: evidence from countries around the world. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(3), 294-301. https://idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr10(3)11/3.pdf
  • Sarkodie, S. A. (2020). Environmental performance, biocapacity, carbon & ecological footprint of nations: Drivers, trends and mitigation options. The Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141912
  • Schuster, R. (2022, September 29). Researchers find real reason the air quality in the Middle East is so bad. Haaretz. Retrieved from https://www.haaretz.com
  • Shahabadi, A., Samari, H., & Nemati, M. (2017). Factors affecting Environmental Performance index (EPI) in selected OPEC countries. Iranian Economic Review, 21(3), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.22059/ier.2017.62925
  • Sima, V., & Gheorghe, I. G. (2014). Analyze of environmental performance in Romania based on environmental performance index. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu. Economy Series, 3, 101-104. https://www.utgjiu.ro/revista/ec/pdf/2014-03/17_Sima.pdf
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  • World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. (2005). A regional overview of wasterwater management and reuse in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/116463
  • World Resources Institute. (n.d.). Forest Loss. Retrieved from https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extentindicators/ forest-loss
  • Wurie, A. L., & Pillai, V. K. (2014). Correlates of Environmental Performance in Developing Countries. International Review of Modern Sociology, 149-162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43499906
  • Xin, Z., Davidson, E. A., Mauzerall, D. L., Searchinger, T. D., Dumas, P., & Shen, Y. (2015). Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature, 528(7580), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15743
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Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 139 - 157, 01.07.2025

Murat Oturakçı , Rabia Sultan Yıldırım , Büşra Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1545075

Abstract

The importance of environmental sustainability stems from its contributions to the present and the future. Protecting biodiversity, achieving healthier conditions by reducing pollution, effectively combating global warming, and using resources efficiently is important for a clean and healthy future. To ensure environmental sustainability, the continuity of environmental measurement models is also required. Therefore, The Environmental Performance Index (EPI), consisting of 11 categories and 40 indicators, is published periodically every year by Yale and Columbia University researchers in partnership with the World Economic Forum. This study aims to perform a regional comparison by compiling EPI reports published between 1995-2022 and to reveal the relationship between country income levels and determined indicators. Within the scope of this study, the most important indicators were first selected with Pareto analysis according to EPI indicator weights. The selected indicators were compared in detail by dividing the 180 countries included in the 1995-2022 EPI report into regions. In the next stage of the study, the relationship of the selected indicators with income level was examined statistically. According to the results of the study, a statistically significant difference was found between the income levels of the countries with the nineteen EPI indicators selected.

Keywords

Environmental Measurement Environmental Performance Index Global Comparison Statistical Analysis

References

  • Adeel-Farooq, R. M., Raji, J. O., & Qamri, G. M. (2023). Does financial development influence the overall natural environment? An environmental performance index (EPI) based insight from the ASEAN countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(6), 5123-5139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02258-x
  • Alhassan, A., Usman, O., Ike, G. N., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2020). Impact assessment of trade on environmental performance: accounting for the role of government integrity and economic development in 79 countries. Heliyon, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05046
  • Almarafi, B., Khudari, M., & Abdullah, A. (2023). A Critical Review of the Relationship Between Environmental Performance Index, Financial Development and Economic Growth. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(7), e02675. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i7.2675
  • American Lung Association. (2023, April 18). Sulfur Dioxide. Retrieved from https://www.lung.org/cleanair/ outdoors/what-makes-air-unhealthy/sulfur-dioxide
  • Bădîrcea, R. M., Doran, N. M., Manta, A. G., Puiu, S., Meghisan-Toma, G. M., & Doran, M. D. (2023). Linking financial development to environmental performance index—the case of Romania. Economic Research- Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2142635. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2142635
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, October 18). Disease Impact of Unsafe Water. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/disease-impact-of-unsafe-water.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, September 2). Health Effects of Lead Exposure. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/health-effects.htm
  • Chandrasekharan, I., Kumar, R. S., Raghunathan, S., & Chandrasekaran, S. (2013). Construction of environmental performance index and ranking of states. Current Science, 435-439. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24089743
  • Chen, C., Liu, G. G., Sun, Y., Gu, D., Zhang, H., Yang, H., . . . Yao, Y. (2020). Association between household fuel use and sleep quality in the oldest-old: Evidence from a propensity-score matched case-control study in Hainan, China. Environmental Research, 191, 110229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110229
  • Cojocaru Bărbieru, A. C., Mihaila, S., & Grosu, V. (2023, May). The Relationship Between the Environmental Performance Index and the GDP Growth Rate in Emerging Countries in Europe. In Conference on Sustainability and Cutting-Edge Business Technologies (pp. 348-356). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
  • Cracolici, M. F., Cuffaro, M., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). The Measurement of economic, social and Environmental Performance of Countries: A Novel approach. Social Indicators Research, 95(2), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9464-3
  • Debbi, S., Elisa, P., Nigel, B., Dan, P., & Eva, R. (2014). Factors influencing household uptake of improved solid fuel stoves in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(8), 8228–8250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110808228
  • Devadmin. (2021). PM2.5 Explained. Indoor Air Hygiene Institute. Retrieved from https://www.indoorairhygiene.org/pm2-5-explained/ Duit, A. (2005). Understanding environmental performance of states: An institution-centered approach and some difficulties. Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Fish Stock Status. https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/fss
  • Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Terrestrial biome protection (national weights). Retrieved from https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/tbn
  • Environmental Performance Index. (2020). Terrestrial biome protection (global weights). Retrieved from https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/tbg
  • Esty, D. C., & Porter, M. E. (2005). National environmental performance: an empirical analysis of policy results and determinants. Environment and Development Economics, 10(4), 391–434. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002275
  • European Environment Agency. (2018, October 29). Marine protected areas. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-protected-areas/marine-protected-areas
  • Fakher, H. A., & Abedi, Z. (2017). Relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in developing countries (based on environmental performance index). Environmental energy and economic research, 1(3), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.22097/eeer.2017.86464.1001
  • Forseth, I. (2010). Terrestrial Biomes. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10), 11. Geneva Environment Network. (n.d.). Sustainable Nitrogen Management and the Role of Geneva. Retrieved from https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-nitrogen-management-and-the-roleof- geneva/
  • Grafton, R. Q., & Knowles, S. (2004). Social Capital and National Environmental Performance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. The Journal of Environment & Development, 13(4), 336–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496504271417
  • Hsu, A., Lloyd, A., & Emerson, J. W. (2013). What progress have we made since Rio? Results from the 2012 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Pilot Trend EPI. Environmental Science & Policy, 33, 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.05.011
  • IEA. (2023, July 27). Global coal demand set to remain at record levels in 2023. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/news/global-coal-demand-set-to-remain-at-record-levels-in-2023
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2010). Household Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature Frying. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK385523/
  • Janishevski, L., Noonan-Mooney, K., Gidda, S. B., & Mulongoy, K. J. (2008). Protected areas in today's world: their values and benefits for the welfare of the planet. CBD Technical Series, (36).
  • Kordas, K., Ravenscroft, J., Cao, Y., & McLean, E. V. (2018). Lead Exposure in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Perspectives and Lessons on Patterns, Injustices, Economics, and Politics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112351
  • Lamb, W. F., Wiedmann, T., Pongratz, J., Andrew, R. M., Crippa, M., Olivier, J. G. J., . . . Minx, J. C. (2021). A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018. Environmental Research Letters, 16(7), 073005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e
  • Lymer, D., Funge-Smith, S., Clausen, J., & Miao, W. (2008). Status and potential of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2008.
  • Matthew R. Fisher. (n.d.). Terrestrial Biomes. Lumen. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sunymonroe- environmentalbiology/chapter/3-3-terrestrial-biomes/
  • Morse, S. (2018). Relating environmental performance of nation states to income and income inequality. Sustainable Development, 26(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1693
  • Nathanson, J. A. & Ambulkar, . Archis (2023, August 12). wastewater treatment. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment National Geographic. (n.d.) Water Inequality. Retrieved from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/water-inequality/
  • National Marine Protected Areas Center (n.d.). About Marine Protected Areas. Retrieved from https://marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov/aboutmpas/ OECD. (n.d). The OECD Programme on Pesticides and Sustainable Pest Management | Vision for the future. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/pesticides-biocides/OECD-Pest-Vision-Final.pdf
  • Pujiati, A., Feronica, S. M. F., & Ridzuan, A. R. (2023). Measurement of The Role of Innovation in Increasing Environmental Performance Index: Empirical Study in Developed and Non-Developed Countries. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 7(1), 18-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35474/ibarj.v7i1.144
  • Raza, A., Sui, H., Jermsittiparsert, K., Żukiewicz-Sobczak, W., & Sobczak, P. (2021). Trade liberalization and environmental performance index: Mediation role of climate change performance and greenfield investment. Sustainability, 13(17), 9734. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179734
  • Ritchie, H. & Max Roser (2020, May 11). CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions
  • Ritchie, H. & Max Roser (2021, July 1). Clean Water and Sanitation. Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/sanitation Rogge, N. (2012). Undesirable specialization in the construction of composite policy indicators: The Environmental Performance Index. Ecological Indicators, 23, 143–154.
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.020 Rößger, N., Sachs, T., Wille, C., Boike, J., & Kutzbach, L. (2022). Seasonal increase of methane emissions linked to warming in Siberian tundra. Nature Climate Change, 12(11), 1031–1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022- 01512-4
  • Samimi, A. J., & Ahmadpour, M. (2011). Comparison of Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in OIC countries: before and after financial crisis. Advances in Environmental Biology, 201-209. https://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb/2011/201-208.pdf
  • Samimi, A. J., Erami N. E., & Yusef, M. (2010). Environmental performance index and economic growth: evidence from some developing countries. Australian journal of basic and applied sciences, 4(8), 3098-3102. https://www.ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas/2010/3098-3102.pdf
  • Samimi, A. J., Kashefi, A., Salatin, P., & Lashkarizadeh, M. (2011). Environmental performance and HDI: evidence from countries around the world. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(3), 294-301. https://idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr10(3)11/3.pdf
  • Sarkodie, S. A. (2020). Environmental performance, biocapacity, carbon & ecological footprint of nations: Drivers, trends and mitigation options. The Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141912
  • Schuster, R. (2022, September 29). Researchers find real reason the air quality in the Middle East is so bad. Haaretz. Retrieved from https://www.haaretz.com
  • Shahabadi, A., Samari, H., & Nemati, M. (2017). Factors affecting Environmental Performance index (EPI) in selected OPEC countries. Iranian Economic Review, 21(3), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.22059/ier.2017.62925
  • Sima, V., & Gheorghe, I. G. (2014). Analyze of environmental performance in Romania based on environmental performance index. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu. Economy Series, 3, 101-104. https://www.utgjiu.ro/revista/ec/pdf/2014-03/17_Sima.pdf
  • Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions | US EPA. (2023, August 25). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
  • Stanwick, P. A., & Stanwick, S. D. (1998). The relationship between corporate social performance, and organizational size, financial performance, and environmental performance: An empirical examination. Journal of business ethics, 17, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005784421547 United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, April 13). Overview of Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved fromhttps://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-g reenhouse-gasesWolf, M. J., Emerson, J. W., Esty, D. C., Sherbinin, A. D., & Wendling, Z. A. (2022). 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) results. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environm ental Law & Policy.
  • World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. (2005). A regional overview of wasterwater management and reuse in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/116463
  • World Resources Institute. (n.d.). Forest Loss. Retrieved from https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extentindicators/ forest-loss
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Statistical Analysis, Industrial Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Oturakçı 0000-0001-5946-3964

Rabia Sultan Yıldırım 0000-0003-4797-7110

Büşra Yılmaz 0009-0003-8050-8073

Publication Date July 1, 2025
Submission Date September 7, 2024
Acceptance Date May 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oturakçı, M., Yıldırım, R. S., & Yılmaz, B. (2025). Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index. Journal of Turkish Operations Management, 9(1), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1545075
AMA Oturakçı M, Yıldırım RS, Yılmaz B. Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index. JTOM. July 2025;9(1):139-157. doi:10.56554/jtom.1545075
Chicago Oturakçı, Murat, Rabia Sultan Yıldırım, and Büşra Yılmaz. “Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index”. Journal of Turkish Operations Management 9, no. 1 (July 2025): 139-57. https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1545075.
EndNote Oturakçı M, Yıldırım RS, Yılmaz B (July 1, 2025) Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index. Journal of Turkish Operations Management 9 1 139–157.
IEEE M. Oturakçı, R. S. Yıldırım, and B. Yılmaz, “Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index”, JTOM, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 139–157, 2025, doi: 10.56554/jtom.1545075.
ISNAD Oturakçı, Murat et al. “Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index”. Journal of Turkish Operations Management 9/1 (July 2025), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.56554/jtom.1545075.
JAMA Oturakçı M, Yıldırım RS, Yılmaz B. Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index. JTOM. 2025;9:139–157.
MLA Oturakçı, Murat et al. “Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index”. Journal of Turkish Operations Management, vol. 9, no. 1, 2025, pp. 139-57, doi:10.56554/jtom.1545075.
Vancouver Oturakçı M, Yıldırım RS, Yılmaz B. Comparative Global Environmental Measurement Analysis Based On Environmental Performance Index. JTOM. 2025;9(1):139-57.

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