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Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss.

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 22.04.2025

Yavuz Bağcı , Tuğsen Büyükyıldırım , Fatma Ayaz , Nuraniye Eruygur

Abstract

Ferulago W. Koch is an important genus from the Apiaceae family, widely used in traditional medicine and rich in bioactive compounds. Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. contains coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In this study, the antioxidant activities and total phenol/flavonoid content of F. asparagifolia fruit and leaf extracts were measured. The antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’ azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)), and iron chelation methods spectrophotometrically. The ethanol extract of F. asparagifolia leaves showed 58.73% DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL concentration, while the fruit ethanol extract exhibited 53.13% activity. In the ABTS radical scavenging activity test, all extracts showed increased activity with increasing concentrations, with leaf and fruit ethanol extracts showing 85.85% and 85.70% activity at 1 mg/mL concentration, respectively. The highest phenol content (218.78 ± 4.55 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) was found in the ethanol extract of F. asparagifolia leaves. The anti-acetylcholinesterase (Anti-AChE) and antibutyrylcholinesterase (Anti-BuChE) activity of F. asparagifolia extracts was investigated using the Ellman method, and the anti-tyrosinase (Anti-TYR) activity was examined using the dopachrome method in vitro. The hexane extract of F. asparagifolia fruit showed significant inhibitory activity against AChE (145.1 µg/mL). Additionally, the ethanol extract of F. asparagifolia leaves exhibited the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (2.42 mg/mL). In conclusion, while F. asparagifolia extracts possess significant antioxidant activities, they also demonstrate considerable antityrosinase activity, indicating their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and development of skin-whitening products. Therefore, further in-depth research is warranted for F. asparagifolia to be used in oxidative stress defense or in the development of products related to its anti-tyrosinase activity.

Keywords

Antioxidant activity Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. cholinesterase tyrosinase

References

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  • Alves-Silva, JM., Moreira, P., Cavaleiro, C., Pereira, C., Cruz, MT., Salgueiro, L. 2023. Effect of Ferulago lutea (Poir.) Grande essential oil on molecular hallmarks of skin aging. Plants, 12(21): 3741.
  • Atere, T., Akinloye, O., Ugbaja, R., Ojo, D., Dealtry, G. 2018. In vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging evaluation of standardized extract of Costus afer leaf. Food Science and Human Wellness, 7(4): 266-272.
  • Azarbani, F., Saki, Z., Zareei, A., Mohammadi, A. 2014. Phenolic contents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of flower, leaf and stem extracts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(10): 123-125.
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Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss.'in antioksidan, cilt beyazlatma ve anti-Alzheimer etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 22.04.2025

Yavuz Bağcı , Tuğsen Büyükyıldırım , Fatma Ayaz , Nuraniye Eruygur

Abstract

Ferulago W. Koch Apiaceae familyasına ait geleneksel tıpta yaygın olarak kullanımı olan ve zengin biyoaktif içeriğe sahip önemli bir cinsdir. Bu çalışmada, F. asparagifolia meyve ve yaprak ekstrelerinin toplam fenol/flavonoit içeriği ölçülmesi yanı sıra, antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH ((1.1-Difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), ABTS (2.2’-azinobis(3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) ve demir şelasyon metotları ile spektrofotometrik olarak ölçülmüştür. F. asparagifolia yaprak etanol ekstresi 1mg/ml konsantrasyonunda %58.73, meyve etanol ekstresi ise %53.13 DPPH radikal süpürücü aktivite göstermiştir. ABTS radikal süpürücü aktivite testinde ise, tüm ekstreler konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak aktivitede artış göstermiş ve yaprak ve meyve etanol ekstreleri 1mg/ml konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %85,85 ve %85.70 aktivite sergilemiştir. En yüksek fenol içeriği F. asparagifolia yapraklarının etanol ekstresinde (218.78 ± 4.55 mg Gallik aside eşdeğer/g) bulunmuştur. F. asparagifolia ekstrelerinin anti-asetilkolinesteraz ve anti-butirilkolinesteraz (Anti-AChE, Anti-BuChE) aktivitesi Ellman metodu ve antitirozinaz (Anti-TYR) aktivitesi ise dopakrom metodukullanılarak incelenmiştir. F. asparagifolia meyvesi hekzan ekstresi, AChE’ye (145.1 µg/mL) karşı anlamlı inhibitör aktivite göstermiştir. Ayrıca F. asparagifolia yaprak etanol ekstresi en yüksek Anti-TYR aktivite (2.42 mg/mL) sergilemiştir. Sonuç olarak F. asparagifolia ekstreleri önemli antioksidan ve dikkate değer antitirozinaz aktiviteye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, F. asparagifolia bitkisi, vücudu oksidatif strese karşı korumada kullanılabilir veya cilt beyazlatıcı ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde etkili olabilecek antitirozinaz aktivitesiyle ilgili olarak daha fazla araştırılmaya ihtiyaç duymaktadır.

Keywords

Antioksidan aktivite Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. kolinesteraz tirozinaz

References

  • Ahmed, S., Nilofar, Cvetanović Kljakić, A., Stupar, A., Lončar, B., Božunović, J., Gašić, U., Yıldıztugay, E., Ferrante, C., Zengin, G. 2024. Exploring traditional and modern approaches for extracting bioactive compounds from Ferulago trachycarpa. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 1-14.
  • Alkhatib, R., Hennebelle, T., Roumy, V., Sahpaz, S., Süzgeç, S., Akalın, E., Meriçli, A., Bailleul, F. 2009. Coumarins, caffeoyl derivatives and a monoterpenoid glycoside from Ferulago asparagifolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37(3): 230-233.
  • Alves-Silva, JM., Moreira, P., Cavaleiro, C., Pereira, C., Cruz, MT., Salgueiro, L. 2023. Effect of Ferulago lutea (Poir.) Grande essential oil on molecular hallmarks of skin aging. Plants, 12(21): 3741.
  • Atere, T., Akinloye, O., Ugbaja, R., Ojo, D., Dealtry, G. 2018. In vitro antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging evaluation of standardized extract of Costus afer leaf. Food Science and Human Wellness, 7(4): 266-272.
  • Azarbani, F., Saki, Z., Zareei, A., Mohammadi, A. 2014. Phenolic contents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of flower, leaf and stem extracts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(10): 123-125.
  • Badalamenti, N., Ilardi, V., Rosselli, S., Bruno, M. 2021. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological properties of genus Ferulago–A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 274: 114050.
  • Bagci, E., Aydin, E., Mihasan, M., Maniu, C., Hritcu, L. 2016. Anxiolytic and antidepressant‐like effects of Ferulago angulata essential oil in the scopolamine rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 31(1): 70-80.
  • Baser, KHC., Demirci, B., Duman, H. 2001. Composition of the essential oil of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(2): 134-135.
  • Bulut, G., Tuzlacı, E., Doğan, A., Şenkardeş, İ., Doğan, A., Şenkardeş, İ. 2014. An ethnopharmacological review on the Turkish Apiaceae species. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 44(2): 163-179.
  • Cai, YZ., Sun, M., Xing, J., Luo, Q., Corke, H. 2006. Structure–radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 78(25): 2872-2888.
  • Chai, T., Mohan, M., Ong, H., Wong, F. 2014. Antioxidant, iron-chelating and anti-glucosidase activities of Typha domingensis Pers (Typhaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1): 67-72.
  • Clarke, G., Ting, KN., Wiart, C., Fry, J. 2013. High correlation of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity potential and total phenolics content indicates redundancy in use of all three assays to screen for antioxidant activity of extracts of plants from the Malaysian rainforest. Antioxidants, 2(1): 1-10.
  • Dall'Acqua, S., Maggi, F., Minesso, P., Salvagno, M., Papa, F., Vittori, S., Innocenti, G. 2010. Identification of non-alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Ferulago campestris (Besser) Grecescu (Apiaceae). Fitoterapia, 81(8): 1208-1212.
  • D'Angelo Costa, GM., Maia Campos, PMBG. 2021. Efficacy of topical antioxidants in the skin hyperpigmentation control: A clinical study by reflectance confocal microscopy. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(2): 538-545.
  • Demirci, F., İşcan, G., Güven, K., Kirimer, N., Can Başer, KH. 2000. Antimicrobial Activities of Ferulago Essential Oils. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 55(11-12): 886-889.
  • Dubey, S., Singh, E. 2023. Antioxidants: An approach for restricting oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Inflammopharmacology, 31(2): 717-730.
  • Ebadi, MT., Mollaei, S., Khurizadeh, S. 2019. Evaluation of volatile and phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different parts of Ferulago angulata (schlecht.) Boiss. Industrial Crops and Products, 140: 111589.
  • Ellman, GL., Courtney, KD., Andres, V., Featherstone, RM. 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2): 88-95. Ghafoor, K., Doğu, S., Mohamed Ahmed, IA., Fadimu, GJ., Geçgel, Ü., Al Juhaimi, F., Babiker, EE., Özcan, MM. 2019. Effect of some plant species on fatty acid composition and mineral contents of Ferulago, Prangos, Ferula, and Marrubium seed and oils. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 43(5): e13939.
  • Golfakhrabadi, F., Shams Ardakani, MR., Saeidnia, S., Akbarzadeh, T., Yousefbeyk, F., Jamalifar, H., Khanavi, M. 2016. In vitro antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of coumarins from Ferulago carduchorum. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 25: 1623-1629.
  • Gupta, SM., Behera, A., Jain, NK., Tripathi, A., Rishipathak, D., Singh, S., Ahemad, N., Erol, M., Kumar, D. 2023. Development of substituted benzylidene derivatives as novel dual cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's treatment. RSC Advances, 13(38): 26344-26356.
  • Hajimehdipoor, H., Shekarchi, M., Aghighi, A., Hamzeloo, MM. 2014. Evaluating the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ferulago angulate and Ferulago subvelutina. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy (1(2): 39-43.
  • Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, SY., Alwasel, SH., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., Valko, M. 2023. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Chronic diseases and aging. Archives of Toxicology, 97(10): 2499-2574.
  • Karakaya, S., Göger, G., Kılıç, CS., Demirci, B. 2016. Composition of volatile oil of the aerial parts, flowers and roots of Ferulago blancheana Post. (Apiaceae) growing in Turkey and determination of their antimicrobial activities by bioautography method. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(2): 173-180.
  • Karakaya, S., Koca, M., Kılıc, CS., Coskun, M. 2018a. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Ferulago syriaca Boiss. and F. isaurica Peșmen growing in Turkey. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 27: 1843-1850.
  • Karakaya, S., Koca, M., Simsek, D., Bostanlik, FD., Özbek, H., Kiliç, CS., Güvenalp, Z., Demirci, B., Altanlar, N. 2018b. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities of Ferulago pauciradiata Boiss. & Heldr. growing in Turkey. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 8(6): 364-375.
  • Karakaya, S., Koca, M., Sytar, O., Dursunoglu, B., Ozbek, H., Duman, H., Guvenalp, Z., Kılıc, C. 2019. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of Ferulago cassia with farther bio-guided isolation of active coumarin constituents. South African Journal of Botany, 121: 536-542.
  • Khokhar, S., Apenten, RKO. 2003. Iron binding characteristics of phenolic compounds: some tentative structure–activity relations. Food Chemistry, 81(1): 133-140.
  • Kızılarslan, C. 2013. Fruit anatomy of some Ferulago (Apiaceae) species in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 37: 434-445.
  • Kızıltaş, H., Bingol, Z., Gören, AC., Kose, LP., Durmaz, L., Topal, F., Alwasel, SH., Gulcin, İ. 2021. LC-HRMS profiling and antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of kınkor (Ferulago stellata). Molecules, 26(9): 2469.
  • Kürkçüoğlu, M., Agalar, H., Temiz, B., Duran, A., Paksoy, M., Baser, K. 2022. Antioxidant, Antityrosinase Activities and Composition of Essential Oils Obtained from Roots and Fruits of Ferulago longistylis Boiss. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(4).
  • Leja, M., Kamińska, I., Kramer, M., Maksylewicz-Kaul, A., Kammerer, D., Carle, R., Baranski, R. 2013. The content of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity varies with carrot origin and root color. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 68: 163-170.
  • Li, J., Li, C., Peng, X., Li, S., Liu, B., Chu, C. 2023. Recent discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines and screening methods. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 303: 115951.
  • Martins, MM., Branco, PS., Ferreira, LM. 2023. Enhancing the therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's disease drugs: The role of Polypharmacology and Cholinesterase inhibitors. ChemistrySelect, 8(10): e202300461.
  • Mermer, A., Demirci, S. 2023. Recent advances in triazoles as tyrosinase inhibitors. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 115655.
  • Öztürk, M., Duru, ME., Kivrak, Ş., Mercan-Doğan, N., Türkoglu, A., Özler, MA. 2011. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity studies on three Agaricus species with fatty acid compositions and iron contents: A comparative study on the three most edible mushrooms. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(6): 1353-1360.
  • Rahimpour, Y., Delazar, A., Asnaashari, S., Asgharian, P. 2021. The genus Ferulago: a review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 20(4): 352.
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Botany (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yavuz Bağcı 0000-0002-2343-3672

Tuğsen Büyükyıldırım 0000-0003-0101-9742

Fatma Ayaz 0000-0003-3994-6576

Nuraniye Eruygur 0000-0002-4674-7009

Publication Date April 22, 2025
Submission Date June 25, 2024
Acceptance Date November 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bağcı, Y., Büyükyıldırım, T., Ayaz, F., Eruygur, N. (2025). Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 15(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506
AMA Bağcı Y, Büyükyıldırım T, Ayaz F, Eruygur N. Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. April 2025;15(1):11-20. doi:10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506
Chicago Bağcı, Yavuz, Tuğsen Büyükyıldırım, Fatma Ayaz, and Nuraniye Eruygur. “ Skin Whitening and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Ferulago Asparagifolia Boiss”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 15, no. 1 (April 2025): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506.
EndNote Bağcı Y, Büyükyıldırım T, Ayaz F, Eruygur N (April 1, 2025) Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 15 1 11–20.
IEEE Y. Bağcı, T. Büyükyıldırım, F. Ayaz, and N. Eruygur, “ skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss”., Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2025, doi: 10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506.
ISNAD Bağcı, Yavuz et al. “ Skin Whitening and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Ferulago Asparagifolia Boiss”. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 15/1 (April 2025), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506.
JAMA Bağcı Y, Büyükyıldırım T, Ayaz F, Eruygur N. Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2025;15:11–20.
MLA Bağcı, Yavuz et al. “ Skin Whitening and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Ferulago Asparagifolia Boiss”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, pp. 11-20, doi:10.7212/karaelmasfen.1504506.
Vancouver Bağcı Y, Büyükyıldırım T, Ayaz F, Eruygur N. Assessment of antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ferulago asparagifolia Boiss. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2025;15(1):11-20.
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