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THE SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF SUICIDE IN OECD COUNTRIES

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 31, 1 - 35, 27.06.2025

Merve Kaya Ay

https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2025.001

Abstract

In addition to the sociological, economic, and demographic determinants, this study aims to examine the impact of informal employment on suicide rates through the rate of wage and salaried workers, which distinguishes it from existing literature. The study is estimated using the Fixed Effects Estimator (with Driscoll Kraay robust standard errors) with 2007-2020 annual data for 30 OECD countries. Results indicate that increase in GDP per capita, inflation, wage and salaried worker, and female labor participation rate contribute to the decrease in suicide rates. No significant relationship has been found between unemployment and suicide; however, unemployment benefits are effective in preventing suicide. Besides, a positive relationship has been observed between the increase in the level of education and suicide rates. Marital status were found to be unrelated, but parenthood was determined to have a diminishing effect on suicide. Alcohol addiction and densely populated urban areas trigger suicide has been reached.

Keywords

Suicide socioeconomic factors mental health informal employment

References

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OECD ÜLKELERİNDE İNTİHARIN SOSYOEKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 31, 1 - 35, 27.06.2025

Merve Kaya Ay

https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2025.001

Abstract

Bu çalışmada intihar vakalarının sosyolojik, ekonomik ve demografik belirleyicilerinin yanında literatürden farklı olarak ücretli ve maaşlı çalışanların oranı üzerinden kayıt dışı istihdamın, intihar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışma, 30 OECD ülkesinin 2007-2020 yıllık verileri kullanılarak Sabit Etkiler (Driscoll Kraay dirençli standart hataları) ile tahmin edilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen milli gelir, enflasyon ve kadınların işgücüne katılımındaki iyileşmelerin intihar oranlarını düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Kayıtlı istihdamın önemli bir göstergesi olan ücretli ve maaşlı çalışma şeklinin yaygınlaşmasının intihar oranlarını düşürdüğü bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. İşsizlik ile intihar arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanılmamış, ancak işsizlik ödeneklerinin intiharı önlemede etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte eğitim düzeyindeki artış ile intihar oranları arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki bulunmuştur. Medeni durumdaki değişmenin intihar ile ilişkisiz olduğu, ancak çocuk sahipliğinin intiharı azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Alkol bağımlılığı ile yoğun kent nüfusunun intiharı tetiklediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

İntihar sosyoekonomik faktörler zihin sağlığı kayıt dışı istihdam

References

  • Akyuz, M., & Karul, C. (2022). The effect of economic factors on suicide: An analysis of a developing country. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-03-2022-0023.
  • Andres, A. R. (2005). Income inequality, unemployment, and suicide: A panel data analysis of 15 European countries. Applied Economics, 37(4). 439-451.
  • Andres, A. R., Halicioglu, F., & Yamamura, E. (2011). Socio-economic determinants of suicide in Japan, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(6), 723-731.
  • Altinanahtar, A., & Halicioglu, F. (2009). A dynamic econometric model of suicides in Turkey. The Journal of Socio-economics, 38(6), 903-907.
  • Antonakakis, N., & Collins, A. (2015). The impact of fiscal austerity on suicide mortality: Evidence across the ‘Eurozone Periphery. Social Science & Medicine, 145, 63-78.
  • Antonakakis, N., & Gupta, R. (2017). Is economic policy uncertainty related to suicide rates? Evidence from the United States. Social Indicators Research, 133(2), 543-560.
  • Asteriou, D., & Hall, S. G. (2021). Applied econometrics. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Bálint, L., Osváth, P., Rihmer, Z., & Döme, P. (2016). Associations between marital and educational status and risk of completed suicide in Hungary. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 777-783.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data (3 P.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Berk, M., Dodd, S., & Henry, M. (2006). The effect of macroeconomic variables on suicide. Psychological Medicine, 36(2), 181-189.
  • Branas, C. C., Kastanaki, A. E., Michalodimitrakis, M., Tzougas, J., Kranioti, E. F., Theodorakis, P. N., & Wiebe, D. J. (2015). The impact of economic austerity and prosperity events on suicide in Greece: A 30-year interrupted time-series analysis. BMJ Open, 5(1), E005619.
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  • Burr, J. A., McCall, P. L., & Powell-Griner, E. (1997). Female labor force participation and suicide. Social Science & Medicine, 44(12), 1847-1859.
  • Bussu, A., Detotto, C., & Sterzi, V. (2013). Social conformity and suicide. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 42, 67-78.
  • Caces, F. E., & Harford, T. (1998). Time series analysis of alcohol consumption and suicide mortality in the United States, 1934-1987. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59(4), 455-461.
  • Chang, T., & Chen, W. Y. (2017). Revisiting the relationship between suicide and unemployment: evidence from linear and nonlinear cointegration. Economic Systems, 41(2), 266-278.
  • Chen, Y. Y., Chen, M., Lui, C. S., & Yip, P. S. (2017). Female labour force participation and suicide rates in the world. Social Science & Medicine, 195, 61-67.
  • Choi, M., Sempungu, J. K., Lee, E. H., Chang, S. S., & Lee, Y. H. (2022). Single and combined effects of marital status, education attainment, and employment status on suicide among working-age population: A case-control study in South Korea. SSM-Population Health, 19, 101246.
  • Chung, A. (2009). Gender difference in suicide, household production and unemployment. Applied Economics, 41(19), 2495-2504.
  • Cook, A. (2019). The education–suicide mortality gradient. Applied Economics Letters, 26(9), 717-721.
  • Corcoran, P., Griffin, E., Arensman, E., Fitzgerald, A. P., & Perry, I. J. (2015). Impact of the economic recession and subsequent austerity on suicide and self-harm in Ireland: An interrupted time series analysis, International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(3), 969-977.
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  • David, G.K., Lawrence, L.K. and Keith, E.M. (1988), Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods, 2nd ed., PWS-Kent, Boston, MA.
  • Davis, R. A. (1981). Female labor force participation, status integration and suicide, 1950–1969. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 11(2), 111-123.
  • De Bruin, A., Agyemang, A., & Chowdhury, M. I. H. (2020). New insights on suicide: Uncertainty and political conditions. Applied Economics Letters, 27(17), 1424-1429.
  • Defina, R., & Hannon, L. (2014). The changing relationship between unemployment and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(2), 217-229.
  • Denney, J. T., Wadsworth, T., Rogers, R. G., & Pampel, F. C. (2015). Suicide in the city: do characteristics of place really influence risk?. Social Science Quarterly, 96(2), 313-329.
  • Driscoll, J. C., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549-560.
  • Durkheim, E. (2013). İntihar. (Z. Z. İlkgelen, Trans.), İstanbul: Pozitif Yayınları.
  • Erdem, C. and Dinc, M. (2022). The socioeconomic determinants of suicide: A panel data analysis. Yildiz Social Science Review, 8(1), 1-12.
  • Erdem, H. F., Demirel, S. K., & Erkan, E. (2019). Genç işsizliğin intihar oranları üzerindeki olası etkisi: panel veri analizi ile bölgesel karşılaştırma. Anadolu İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 3(2), 76-92.
  • Eviews 12, (2020). User Guide. Basic Data Analysis. Series. Interpolate. HIS Markit. ISBN: 978-1-880411-62-9
  • Fernquist, R. M., & Cutright, P. (1998). Societal integration and age-standardized suicide rates in 21 developed countries, 1955–1989. Social Science Research, 27(2), 109-127.
  • Field, C. A., Claassen, C. A., & O’Keefe, G. (2001). Association of alcohol use and other high-risk behaviors among trauma patients. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 50(1), 13-19.
  • Ginsberg, R. B. (1967). Anomie and aspirations: A reinterpretation of Durkheim's Theory. Dissertation abstracts international section a. Washington: Humanities and Social Sciences, 27(11-A), 3945–3946.
  • Gültekin, Ö. F., & Emsen, Ö. S. (2023). Relations between mental diseases, per capita income and some socio-economic variables: researches on BRICS-T countries. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 138-157.
  • Hamermesh, D. S., & Soss, N. M. (1974). An economic theory of suicide. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 83-98.
  • Henry, A. F., & Short, J. F. (1954). Suicide and homicide: some economic, sociological and psychological aspects of aggression (Vol. 91442). New York: Free Press.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  • Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of panel data. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ILO, (2022). Tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy. Geneva. ISBN 978-92-2-038588-3
  • Inagaki, K. (2010). Income inequality and the suicide rate in japan: evidence from cointegration and LA-VAR. Journal of Applied Economics, 13(1), 113-133.
  • Johnson, B. D. (1965). Durkheim's one cause of suicide. American Sociological Review, 875-886.
  • Kavaklı, M. (2023). Türkiye’de intiharın sosyo-ekonomik ve sosyo-psikolojik belirleyicileri: Düzey 2 için bir panel veri çözümlemesi. Bursa Uludağ Journal of Economy and Society, 42(1), 55-71.
  • Kızılkaya, O., & Kuzucu, H. (2022). İntihar vakalarının ekonomik faktörler ile ilişkisi: Panel veri analizi. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(42), 62-80.
  • Kunce, M., & Anderson, A. L. (2002). The impact of socioeconomic factors on state suicide rates: A methodological note. Urban Studies, 39(1), 155-162.
  • Kurbin, E.C. & Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374–402.
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There are 85 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Labor Economics, Health Economy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Kaya Ay 0000-0002-8889-9537

Publication Date June 27, 2025
Submission Date February 28, 2024
Acceptance Date February 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 31

Cite

APA Kaya Ay, M. (2025). THE SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF SUICIDE IN OECD COUNTRIES. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(31), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2025.001
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