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21. Yüzyıl Küresel Salgınında Hava Kirliliği/Kalitesi Trendleri: Türkiye'deki Yaklaşımlar

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 1805 - 1823, 15.05.2025

Kemal Ulusoy , Neslihan Doğan-sağlamtimur

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519534

Abstract

COVID-19, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından 2020 yılında pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. 21. yüzyılın bu pandemisi, önemli bir mesele olarak dikkat çekmiş ve bu konuda birçok alanda çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Bu alanlardan biri de hava kirliliği/kalitesi olup, medyada geniş yer bulmuş ve kısıtlamalarla birlikte olumlu gelişmeler gözlemlenmiştir. COVID-19 pandemisi ve hava kirliliği/kalitesi üzerine ulusal bazda yapılan çalışmalarda, seçilen şehirlerin en az bir spesifik özelliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu özellikler arasında nüfus yoğunluğu, aşırı sanayi faaliyetleri, yoğun araç veya ulaşım ağı bağlantıları, madencilik faaliyetleri ve enerji geri kazanımı yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, özellikle kısıtlamalar sırasında dış hava kirliliği emisyonlarında bir azalma gözlemlenmiş ve Türkiye'de genel hava kalitesinde iyileşmeler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pandemiler ve hava kirliliği arasındaki etkileşim üzerine daha önce yapılan çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte, bu çalışma kendini Türkiye bağlamında kapsamlı ve detaylı bir analiz sunmasıyla öne çıkarmaktadır. Önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu araştırma Türkiye'yi daha geniş bir çerçevede değerlendirerek konuya bütüncül bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Bulguları özetlemek ve yorumlamanın yanı sıra gelecekteki pandemi dönemleri ve sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişim için uygulanabilir öneriler de sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma; COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi ve sırasındaki durumu hava kirliliği açısından vurgulamakta, gelecekteki senaryolara ışık tutmakta ve politika yapıcılar ile karar vericilere dünya genelindeki bölgelere uygulanabilecek pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. Gelecekteki pandemiler veya sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir yaşamı teşvik etme çabaları söz konusu olduğunda, bu çalışmada sunulan içgörüler ve değerlendirmeler değerli bir referans olarak kullanılabilir. Çalışma, kentsel hava kirliliğini azaltmaya yönelik uygulanabilir stratejiler sunarak, dünya genelindeki farklı ülkeler ve şehirler için de geçerlilik taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Air Pollution Air Quality COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Türkiye

References

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Air Pollution/Quality Trends in the Pandemic of the 21st Century: Approaches in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 1805 - 1823, 15.05.2025

Kemal Ulusoy , Neslihan Doğan-sağlamtimur

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519534

Abstract

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020. The pandemic of the 21st century has attracted attention as an important issue, and studies have been carried out in many areas in terms of the related issue. One of these areas is air pollution/quality, which received wide coverage in the media and where positive developments became visible with restrictions. In studies conducted on a national basis regarding COVID-19 pandemic and air pollution/quality, it has been determined that the selected cities have at least one specific feature. These features include population density, excess industrial activities, excess vehicle or transportation network connections, mining activities, and energy recovery. As a result of the study, a decrease was observed in outdoor air pollution emissions, especially during the restrictions, and it was determined that there were improvements in terms of general air quality in Türkiye. While there have been previous studies on the interaction between pandemics and air pollution, this study distinguishes itself by providing a comprehensive and detailed analysis within the context of Türkiye. Unlike earlier works, this research evaluates Türkiye in a broader framework, offering a holistic perspective on the topic. It not only summarizes and interprets findings but also provides actionable recommendations for future pandemic periods and sustainable urban development. This study highlights the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of air pollution, sheds light on future scenarios, and offers policymakers and decision-makers practical proposals applicable to regions worldwide. In the event of future pandemics or efforts to promote healthy and sustainable living, the insights and assessments presented in this study can serve as a valuable reference. Furthermore, it provides actionable strategies for reducing urban air pollution, making it relevant for different countries and cities globally.

Keywords

COVID-19 Hava Kalitesi Hava Kirliliği Kısıtlama Pandemi Türkiye

References

  • Adams, M.D. (2020). Air Pollution in Ontario, Canada During the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Science of the Total Environment, 742, Canada
  • Aragão, L., Ronchieri, E., Ambrosio, G. et al. (2024). Air Quality Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Guided by Robust Virus-Spreading Data in Italy. Air Qual Atmos Health 17, 1135–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01495-x
  • Aydın, N. & Yetişkul, E. (2021). Sokağa Çıkma Yasaklarının Kentlerin Hava Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi, Izmir Örneği. İDEALKENT, COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü, 389-414. doi: 10.31198/idealkent.880951. In Turkish.
  • Aykaç, N, Bostan, P, Olcay, SS, Öztürk, B. (2021). Five-Year Analysis of Air Pollution in Istanbul including Also the İmpact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Izmir Göğüs Hastanesi Dergisi. 35(3):113-24.
  • Azgın, Ş.T., Kekecoglu, N. & Yamac, E. (2021). Evaluation of the Air Quality and CO2-Equivalent Change of Kayseri During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 10 (1), 9-15. doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.811079.
  • Bacak, T.N., Dursun, Ş., Toros, H. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on Air Quality of Istanbul City Centre. Journal of Research in Atmospheric Science, 2(1), pp. 7-11.
  • Borhani, F., Shafiepour Motlagh, M., Stohl, A. et al. (2021). Changes in Short-Lived Climate Pollutants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tehran, Iran. Environ Monit Assess 193, 331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09096-w
  • Bostan, P., Olcay, S.S. (2022). Dünden Bugüne Ülkemizde Yapılan Dış Ortam Hava Kirliliği Sağlık Etkileri Araştırmaları. TSAD. 2022;3(3):22-9.
  • Bozkurt, V. (2020). Pandemi Döneminde Çalişma: Ekonomik Kaygilar, Dijitalleşme Ve Verimlilik. COVID-19 Pandemı̇sı̇nı̇n Ekonomı̇k, Toplumsal ve Sı̇yasal Etkileri, 115-136. DOI: 10.26650/B/SS46.2020.005.08
  • Braga, F., Scarpa, G.M., Brando, V.E., Manfè, G., Zaggia, L. (2020). COVID-19 Lockdown Measures Reveal Human İmpact on Water Transparency in the Venice Lagoon. Sci Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139612.
  • Briz-Redón, Á., Belenguer-Sapiña C, Serrano-Aroca Á. (2021). Changes in Air Pollution During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain: A Multi-City Study. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Volume 101, Pages 16-26, doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.029.
  • Copat, C., Cristaldi, A., Fiore, M., Grasso, A., Zuccarello, P., Signorelli, S.S., Conti, G.O., Ferrante, M. (2020). The Role of Air Pollution (PM and NO2) in COVID-19 Spread and Lethality: A Systematic Review. Environmental Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110129.
  • Celik, E., Gul, M. (2022). How Covid-19 Pandemic and Partial Lockdown Decisions Affect Air Quality of a City? The Case of Istanbul, Türkiye. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 1616–1654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01328-w
  • Çelik, B.D., Arıcı, N. (2021). Air Quality Forecast in the Covid-19 Outbreak Process: Zonguldak Case, Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences, 7(3), pp. 222-232. doi:10.30855/gmbd.2021.03.05 In Turkish.
  • Değer, S. S. (2022). Investigation of SO2 Pollution from Coal-Fired and Geothermal Power Plants Using High Resolution Satellite Retrievals, Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical Uni. Graduate School, http://hdl.handle.net/11527/20262
  • Dundar, E., Dursun Ş., Toros H. (2020). Air Pollution in Ankara during COVID-19. Journal of Research in Atmospheric Science, 2(1), pp. 24-30.
  • Dursun, S., Sagdic, M., & Toros, H. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Measures on Air Quality in Turkey. Environmental Forensics, 23(1–2), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1892876
  • Efe, B. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels in Samsun, Türkiye. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 8(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2021-10692
  • Efe, B. (2022). Air Quality İmprovement and its Relation to Mobility During COVID-19 Lockdown in Marmara Region, Türkiye. Environ Monit Assess 194, 255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09889-7
  • Faruk, M.O., Rahman, M.S., Jannat, S.N. et al. (2022). A Review Of the Impact of Environmental Factors and Pollutants on Covid-19 Transmission. Aerobiologia 38, 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09748-5
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Health
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Kemal Ulusoy 0000-0003-4283-142X

Neslihan Doğan-sağlamtimur 0000-0001-6287-6268

Publication Date May 15, 2025
Submission Date July 20, 2024
Acceptance Date April 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ulusoy, K., & Doğan-sağlamtimur, N. (2025). Air Pollution/Quality Trends in the Pandemic of the 21st Century: Approaches in Türkiye. Kent Akademisi, 18(3), 1805-1823. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1519534
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