Abstract
Robin George Collingwood, tarihsel bilginin dinamik ve öznel doğasını kabul ederek, doğa bilimlerinden farklı bir tarihsel metodolojinin gerekliliğini vurgulamıştır. Onun felsefesi, tüm insanlık tarihinin temelde insan düşüncesinin ve öz farkındalığının tarihi olduğunu ileri sürer. Collingwood, tarihsel aktörlerin düşüncelerini ve niyetlerini yakalama çabasında, geçmiş olayların “dışı” ve “içi” arasında ayrım yapar. Ona göre, tarihçinin rolü sadece olayları kaydetmenin ötesine geçer; ilgili soruları formüle ederek geçmiş düşünceleri zihinsel olarak yeniden canlandırmayı içerir. Bu makale, Collingwood'un felsefesinin tarihsel kavrayış üzerindeki derin etkisini, özellikle de “soru ve cevap mantığı” olarak bilinen yaklaşımı aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Bu yöntem, tarihsel anlayışın temeli olarak sorular ve cevaplar arasındaki etkileşimin altını çizmektedir. Soru ve cevap mantığı, önermeler ve sorular arasındaki karmaşık bağı vurgulayarak geleneksel mantığa meydan okur ve böylece tarihsel sorgulamada anlam, hakikat ve anlayışı yeniden tanımlar. Ayrıca makale, bu yaklaşımı hermenötik gelenek içerisinde analiz ederek, anlamanın süregelen ve sonsuz doğasını ele almaktadır. Heidegger'in döngüsel hermenötik anlayışıyla paralellikler kurarak, tarihsel yorumlamanın ve tarihsel anlam arayışının dinamik, diyalektik ve diyalojik doğasını vurgulamaktadır. Özetle, bu çalışma Collingwood'un çağdaş hermenötik üzerindeki etkisini incelemekte ve tarihsel yorumlama ve insan anlayışında soru ve cevap mantığının geçerliliğini yeniden teyit etmektedir.
Keywords
Soru ve Cevap Mantığı Tarihin Yeniden Canlandırılması Önermelerin Çelişkisi Tarih Felsefesi Hermenötik
References
- Ahlskog, J. (2017). R. G. Collingwood and the Presence of the Past. Journal of the Philosophy of History (11) 3, 289–305.
- Agassi, J. (1975). Questions of Science and Metaphysics, Science in Flux, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science (28), 240–269.
- Aysevener, K. (2001). Collingwood’un Tarih Felsefesi. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
- Beiser, F. C. (2012). The German Historicist Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bevir, M. (2004). The Logic of the History of Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bleicher, J. (1980). Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method: Philosophy and Critique. London & New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc.
- Boucher, D. (1997). The Significance of R. G. Collingwood’s “Principles of History”. Journal of the History of Ideas (58) 2, 309–330.
- Boucher, D. (2010). Collingwood Robin George (1889-1943). Bevir, M. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Political Theory içinde (ss. 227–228), Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore & Washington DC: SAGE Publications.
- Boucher, D. & Vincent, A. (2000). British Idealism and Political Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Pres.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1939). An Autobiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1946). Speculum Mentis or The Map of Knowledge. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1951). The Idea of History. London: Oxford University Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1968). Faith and Reason: Essays on the Philosophy of Religion. Edited by Lionel Rubinoff. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1999). The Principles of History and other writings in philosophy of history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cragg, R. G. (1948). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answers: A Study of its Logical and Philosophical Implications, and it bearing on Historical Method (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Toronto. Kanada.
- Dilthey, W. (1988). Introduction to the Human Sciences: An attempt to Lay a Foundation for the Study of Society and History (Ramon J. Btanzos, Çev.). Detroit: Wayne State Universty.
- Fear, C. (2013). The question-and-answer logic of historical context. History of the Human Sciences (26) 3, 68–81.
- Gadamer, H. G. (2004). Truth and Method. London & New York: Continuum Books.
- Hogan, J. P. (1989). Collingwood and Theological Hermeneutics. New York: University Press of America.
- Iggers, G. G. (2011). The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century ‘Scientific’ History: The German Model.
- Macintyre, S., Maiguashca, J. & Pók, A. (Ed.), The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 4: 1800-1945 içinde (ss. 41–58). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Inglis, F. (2009). History Man: The Life R. G. Collingwood. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Kinzel, K. (2020). Method and Meaning: Ranke and Droysen on the Historian's Disciplinary Ethos. History and Theory (59) 1, 22–41.
- Kobayashi, C. & Marion, M. (2011). Gadamer and Collingwood on temporal distance and understanding. History and Theory (50) 4, 81–103.
- Leach, S., (2009) R. G. Collingwood – An Early Archaeological Theorist?. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal (19), 14–20.
- Lowther, G. R. (1961). Relations between Historical Theory and Archaeological Practice in the Work of R. G. Collingwood. Anthropologica (3) 2, 173–180.
- Macintyre, A. M. (1998). The MacIntyre Reader. Knight, K. (Ed.). Notre Dame & Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Macintyre, K. B. (2008). Historicity as Methodology or Hermeneutics: Collingwood’s Influence on Skinner and Gadamer. Journal of the Philosophy of History (2) 2, 138–166.
- Maclean, M. J. (1982). Johann Gustav Droysen and the Development of Historical Hermeneutics. History and Theory (21) 3, 347–365.
- Mink, L. O. (1969). Mind, History, and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Naugle, D. (1993). ‘R. G. Collingwood and the Hermeneutic Tradition’, 1–29.
- https://www3.dbu.edu/naugle/pdf/collingwood.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 7 Kasım 2023).
- Nielsen, M. H. (1981). Re-Enactment and Reconstruction in Collingwood's Philosophy of History. History and Theory (20) 1, 1–31.
- Peters, R. (1999). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answer, its Relation to Absolute Presuppositions: another brief history. Boucher, D. & Haddock, B. (Ed.) Collingwood Studies (6), (ss. 1–28). Llandybie: Dinefwr Press.
- Phillips, M. S. (2004). Distance and Historical Representation. History Workshop Journal (57), 123–141.
- Phillips, M. S. (2011). Rethinking historical distance: From doctrine to heuristic. History and Theory (50) 4, 11–23.
- Rotenstreich, N. (1957). Historicism and Philosophy: Reflections on R. G. Collingwood. Revue Internationale de Philosophie 11, No. 42/4, 401–419.
- Somerville, J. (1989). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answer. The Monist (72) 4, 526–541.
- van der Dussen, J. W. (1981). History as a Science The Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood. Boston & London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
THE DIALECTICAL TAPESTRY OF HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDING: COLLINGWOOD’S LOGIC OF QUESTION AND ANSWER IN CONTEMPORARY HERMENEUTICS
Abstract
Robin George Collingwood, recognizing the dynamic and subjective nature of historical knowledge, emphasized the necessity for a historical methodology distinct from that of the natural sciences. His philosophy asserts that all human history is fundamentally the history of human thought and self-awareness. In his effort to capture the thoughts and intentions of historical actors, Collingwood differentiates between the “outside” and the “inside” of past events. According to him, the historian's role goes beyond merely recording events; it involves mentally re-enacting past thoughts by formulating relevant questions. This article explores the profound impact of Collingwood’s philosophy on historical comprehension, particularly through his approach known as the “logic of question and answer.” This method underscores the interplay between questions and answers as the foundation of historical understanding. By emphasizing the intricate link between propositions and questions, the logic of question and answer challenges conventional logic, thereby redefining meaning, truth, and understanding in historical inquiry. Furthermore, the article analyzes this approach within the hermeneutical tradition, addressing the ongoing, infinite nature of understanding. It draws parallels to Heidegger’s circular conception of hermeneutics, highlighting the dynamic, dialectical, and dialogical nature of historical interpretation and the pursuit of historical meaning. In summary, this study examines Collingwood’s influence on modern hermeneutics and reaffirms the validity of the logic of question and answer in historical interpretation and human understanding.
Keywords
Logic of Question and Answer Re-enactment of History Contradiction of Propositions Philosophy of History Hermeneutics
References
- Ahlskog, J. (2017). R. G. Collingwood and the Presence of the Past. Journal of the Philosophy of History (11) 3, 289–305.
- Agassi, J. (1975). Questions of Science and Metaphysics, Science in Flux, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science (28), 240–269.
- Aysevener, K. (2001). Collingwood’un Tarih Felsefesi. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
- Beiser, F. C. (2012). The German Historicist Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bevir, M. (2004). The Logic of the History of Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bleicher, J. (1980). Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method: Philosophy and Critique. London & New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc.
- Boucher, D. (1997). The Significance of R. G. Collingwood’s “Principles of History”. Journal of the History of Ideas (58) 2, 309–330.
- Boucher, D. (2010). Collingwood Robin George (1889-1943). Bevir, M. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Political Theory içinde (ss. 227–228), Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore & Washington DC: SAGE Publications.
- Boucher, D. & Vincent, A. (2000). British Idealism and Political Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Pres.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1939). An Autobiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1946). Speculum Mentis or The Map of Knowledge. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1951). The Idea of History. London: Oxford University Press.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1968). Faith and Reason: Essays on the Philosophy of Religion. Edited by Lionel Rubinoff. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
- Collingwood, R. G. (1999). The Principles of History and other writings in philosophy of history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cragg, R. G. (1948). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answers: A Study of its Logical and Philosophical Implications, and it bearing on Historical Method (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Toronto. Kanada.
- Dilthey, W. (1988). Introduction to the Human Sciences: An attempt to Lay a Foundation for the Study of Society and History (Ramon J. Btanzos, Çev.). Detroit: Wayne State Universty.
- Fear, C. (2013). The question-and-answer logic of historical context. History of the Human Sciences (26) 3, 68–81.
- Gadamer, H. G. (2004). Truth and Method. London & New York: Continuum Books.
- Hogan, J. P. (1989). Collingwood and Theological Hermeneutics. New York: University Press of America.
- Iggers, G. G. (2011). The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century ‘Scientific’ History: The German Model.
- Macintyre, S., Maiguashca, J. & Pók, A. (Ed.), The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 4: 1800-1945 içinde (ss. 41–58). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Inglis, F. (2009). History Man: The Life R. G. Collingwood. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Kinzel, K. (2020). Method and Meaning: Ranke and Droysen on the Historian's Disciplinary Ethos. History and Theory (59) 1, 22–41.
- Kobayashi, C. & Marion, M. (2011). Gadamer and Collingwood on temporal distance and understanding. History and Theory (50) 4, 81–103.
- Leach, S., (2009) R. G. Collingwood – An Early Archaeological Theorist?. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal (19), 14–20.
- Lowther, G. R. (1961). Relations between Historical Theory and Archaeological Practice in the Work of R. G. Collingwood. Anthropologica (3) 2, 173–180.
- Macintyre, A. M. (1998). The MacIntyre Reader. Knight, K. (Ed.). Notre Dame & Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
- Macintyre, K. B. (2008). Historicity as Methodology or Hermeneutics: Collingwood’s Influence on Skinner and Gadamer. Journal of the Philosophy of History (2) 2, 138–166.
- Maclean, M. J. (1982). Johann Gustav Droysen and the Development of Historical Hermeneutics. History and Theory (21) 3, 347–365.
- Mink, L. O. (1969). Mind, History, and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Naugle, D. (1993). ‘R. G. Collingwood and the Hermeneutic Tradition’, 1–29.
- https://www3.dbu.edu/naugle/pdf/collingwood.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 7 Kasım 2023).
- Nielsen, M. H. (1981). Re-Enactment and Reconstruction in Collingwood's Philosophy of History. History and Theory (20) 1, 1–31.
- Peters, R. (1999). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answer, its Relation to Absolute Presuppositions: another brief history. Boucher, D. & Haddock, B. (Ed.) Collingwood Studies (6), (ss. 1–28). Llandybie: Dinefwr Press.
- Phillips, M. S. (2004). Distance and Historical Representation. History Workshop Journal (57), 123–141.
- Phillips, M. S. (2011). Rethinking historical distance: From doctrine to heuristic. History and Theory (50) 4, 11–23.
- Rotenstreich, N. (1957). Historicism and Philosophy: Reflections on R. G. Collingwood. Revue Internationale de Philosophie 11, No. 42/4, 401–419.
- Somerville, J. (1989). Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answer. The Monist (72) 4, 526–541.
- van der Dussen, J. W. (1981). History as a Science The Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood. Boston & London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Philosophy of Logic, Philosophy of History, 20th Century Philosophy |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | July 26, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | April 29, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Issue: 1 |